关系副词引导的定语从句讲与练

关系副词引导的定语从句■when的用法关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词;在许多情况下可以理解为"介词+which”的意思（which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价），其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。1988wastheyearwhenhewasborn.1988是他的出生年。句中的whenhewasborn为修饰theyear的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于inwhich。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in1988,in2008等，所以此处用inwhichoI5llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。句中的whenIfirstmetyou为修饰theday的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于onwhich。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如onthatday,onFriday等，所以此处用onwhichoDon’tforgetthetimewhentheweddingwillstart.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。句中的whentheweddingwillstart为修饰thetime的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于atwhich。表示在某一时亥。，英语习惯上用介词at，如atthattime,atthemoment等，所以此处用atwhich。■where的用法关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为"介词+which”的意思（which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价），其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。Whatisthenameofthetownwhereyoulive?你住的那个城市叫什么名字？句中的whereyoulive为修饰thetown的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于inwhich。表示住在某城市，英语习惯上说liveinacity，所以此处用inwhichoThiscrossmarksthespotwhereshedied.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。句中的whereshedied为修饰thespot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于atwhich。表示在某一地点，英语习惯上说ataspot，所以此处用atwhicho■why的用法关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是thereason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为forwhichoThesearethereasonswhywedoit.这些就是我们这样做的理由。句中的whywedoit为修饰thereason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于forwhichoDoyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesn’tlikeme?你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗？句中的whyshedoesn’tlikeme为修饰thereason的定语从句，关系副词why在此

相当于forwhichowhy是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成forwhich外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。正：Themainreasonwhyhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonforwhichhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonthathelosthisjobwasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.()■由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词+名词”，如：when=on/in/duringtheday,where=in/at/ontheplace,why=forthereason，因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为"介词+which"引导的定语从句。如：Thatisthedaywhen(onwhich)hedidtheexperiments.Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)myfatherusedtolive.Thatisthereasonwhy(forwhich)heisleavingverysoon.■关系代词和关系副词的选择先行词是表时间或地点的名词时，关系词的选择要慎重，以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。(1)分析句子结构，看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语，还是作主语和宾语。(2)看定语从句中的动词是及物动词，还是不及物动词，还是“不及物动词+介词”结构。比较：Thisistheplacewhereheworked(vi)whenhewasyoung.Thecity(that/which)wevisited(vt)iswell-known.JWe'llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespent(vt)inthevillage.、-We'llneverforgetthedaywhenwework(vi)inthevillage.{Thatisthereasonwhyheisleaving(viverysoon.Thatisthereasonthathetold(vtme.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,hewentontoBeijingUniversity.（江苏省石庄高级中学2011-2012学年度高一第二次月考英语试）A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhich D.inthatTheschoolIvisitedtheotherdaywasnottheoneIoncestudied.（江苏省泰州中学2011-2012学年度高一第一学期10月月考英语试题）A.that;whichB.where;whereC.where;whichD.which;whereCareofthesoulisagradualprocesseventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.（2012年湖南高考）A.whatB.inwhatC.which D.inwhichHaveyouevermetsuchasituationeverybodyknowstheanswerbutremainssilentwhenasked?（浙江省北仑中学11-12学年高一上学期八校联考）A.which B.that C.when D.whereThedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.（2011天津高考真题）A.when B.that C.where D.which—OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-Chinesedictionaryisveryhelpful.（江苏省兴化市2011-2012上学期高一英语期中试题）—That’sthereasonourEnglishteacheradvisesustobuyone.A.which B.why C.whereD.whenSteveJobspassedawayattheageof56,spiritwillforeverbethetreasureofApple.（山东省济南市2012届高三第一次模拟考试）A.whose B.thatC.ofwhich D.whenRecentlyIboughtabeautifulcar,wasreasonable.（江苏省南通市通州区2011-2012学年度第一学期期中考试高一英语试卷）A.ofwhichprice B.thepriceofwhoseC.thepriceofwhich D.whichpriceAsacoach,heknowsclearlyaboutthedirectionhisteamshoulddevelop.（江苏省重点中学11-12学年高二上学期10月月考英语）A.towhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.forwhichAbankistheplacetheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.（2011浙江高考真题）A.when B.that C.where D.thereThisistheplaceJohnwasborn?A.whichB.whereC.whenD.thatHeistheonlypersonIwanttotalkto.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whoseIsthisproblemtheteacherexplainedlastweek?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD.oneThehighbuildingstandfourpolicemenisthepolicestation.A.whichB.thatC.infrontofitD.infrontofwhichMymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplaneshewillliketoplay.A．whichB．thatC．forwhich D．withwhichThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A．untilB．thatCwhenD．whereTherearetimesIwonderwhyIdothisjob.A．asB．whileC．whichD．whenAfterlivinginLondonforthirtyyears,MrSmithreturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereCthatD.whenTheyhadalongtalkaboutthepersonsandthingstheybothknew.A．whomB．whatC.thatD．whichThatistheverybookIamlookingfor.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．asWhoisthescientistisgoingtogiveusatalkonspacethisSunday?A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whomIdon'tlikethewayyouspeaktoyourteacher.A./B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhichCouldyoutellmewhentogetthebookIwanttoread?A.whatB.whoC./D.itThedayswespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.A.whenB.whichC.whoD.onwhichApenfriendofmineIoftenreceivelettersaskedmeforsomeChinesecoins.A.whoB.whomC.towhoD.fromwhomDon'tforgetthedayyouwereadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.wherePerhapsthisistheonlyshopyoucangetsuchcheapgoods.A.thatB.ofwhichC.bywhich D.whereIcanstillremembertheplace__mybrotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whereisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.AsAllisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.whatC.thatD.whichHewasseriouslyillwhenhewasachild,madehimlosehissight.A.asB.thatC.whichD.itInthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingle_jheroculdturnforhelp.A.thatB.towhomC.whoD.fromwhomHetoldthesamestoryItold.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itThebestworkisthatTomhasdone.A.itB.whichC.whenD.whereThefirstthing_weshoulddoistowatertheflowersinfrontoftheroom.A.whichB.asC.whatD.thatAnygirlsknewhimwereteachers.A.whereB.thatC.theyD.whomThehousefellandhurtawomanandherdogwerejustpassingby.A.whichB.asC.thatD.whoThatisthehotelwestayedlastyear.A.inthatB.inwhichC.whyD.atwhichThisisthereasonwemadeMr.Liheadmasterofourschool.A.whereB.whenC.beforeD.whyThestudentwhodoeswellinhislessonisthemonitorisverymodestandstudieshard.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which

答案A答案A单项选择：1-5.ADDDA6-10.BCCBC答案B单项选择：B.先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。A.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系代词常用that。A.缺少先行词，故选A,作宾语的关系代词省略。D.介词+关系代词引导定语从句。D.playwith是一个固定结构，故选withwhich。C.先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。D.先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。B.先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。C.先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。A.先行词被thevery修饰，关系代词只能用that。A.Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that,以免重复。A.way为先行