力学专业词汇

力学专业词汇(mechanics)effectivecolumnlength有效柱长cord索cylinder［圆］筒thin-walledcylinder薄壁筒thick-walledcylinder厚壁筒tube管hinge铰［链］plastichinge塑性铰membraneforce膜力ring环truss桁架frame刚架又称“框架”。shaft［转］轴spring弹簧springconstant弹簧常量joint接头staticallydeterminatestructure静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure超静定结构compression压缩axialforce轴［向］力axialforcediagram轴力图eccentrictension偏心拉伸eccentriccompression偏心压缩bending弯曲purebending纯弯曲obliquebending斜弯曲planebending平面弯曲unsymmetricbending非对称弯曲inelasticbending非弹性弯曲planecross-sectionassumption平截面假定deflection挠度bendingmoment弯矩bendingmomentdiagram弯矩图shearforce剪力shearforcediagram剪力图stresstrajactory应力迹线flexure挠曲flexuralrigidity抗弯刚度elasticcurve弹性曲线shear剪切shearcenter剪切中心torsion扭转

torsionalmoment扭矩torquediagram扭矩图torsionalrigidity抗扭刚度membraneanalogy薄膜比拟twist扭曲warping翘曲buckling屈曲pre-buckling前屈曲post-buckling后屈曲Eulercriticalload欧拉临界载荷impact撞击impactfactor撞击因子impactstress撞击应力forcemethod力法displacementmethod位移法stiffnessmethodI刚度法flexibilitymethod柔度法dummy-loadmethod傀载［荷］法又称“单位载荷法successiveintegrationmethod逐次积分法superpositionmethod叠加法superpositionprinciple叠加原理Saint-Venantprinciple圣维南原理analyticmechanics分析力学Lagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘子Lagrangian拉格朗日［量］Lagrangebracket拉格朗日括号cycliccoordinate循环坐标cyclicintegral循环积分Hamiltonian哈密顿［量］Hamiltonianfunction哈密顿函数canonicalequation正则方程canonicalperturbation正则摄动canonicaltransformation正则变换canonicalvariable正则变量Hamiltonprinciple哈密顿原理actionintegral作用量积分Hamilton-Jacobiequation哈密顿-雅可比方程action-anglevariables作用-角度变量Appelequation阿佩尔方程Routhequation劳斯方程Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函数Noethertheorem诺特定理Poissonbracket泊松括号boundaryintegralmethod边界积分法

dyad并矢stabilityofmotion运动稳定性orbitalstability轨道稳定性Lyapunovfunction李雅普诺夫函数asymptoticstability渐近稳定性structuralstability结构稳定性secularinstability久期不稳定性Floquettheorem弗洛凯定理capsizingmoment倾覆力矩freevibration自由振动naturalvibration固有振动transientstate暂态曾用名“瞬态”。ambientvibration环境振动anti-resonance反共振attenuation衰减Coulombdamping库仑阻尼in-phasecomponent同相分量out-of-phasecomponent非同相分量overshoot超调量又称“过冲”。parametricvibration参量［激励］振动fuzzyvibration模糊振动criticalspeedofrotation临界转速damper阻尼器half-peakwidth半峰宽度lumpedparametersystem集总参量系统phaseplanemethod相平面法phasetrajectory相轨迹isoclinemethod等倾线法jumpphenomenon甥k跃现象negativedamping负阻尼Duffingequation达芬方程Hillequation希尔方程KBMmethod,Krylov-Bogoliubov-MitropolskiimethodKBM方法Mathieuequation马蒂厄方程averagingmethod平均法combinationtone组合音调detuning解谐dissipativefunction耗散函数hardexcitation硬激励hardspring,hardeningspring硬弹簧harmonicbalancemethod谐波平衡法secularterm久期项self-excitedvibration自激振动简称“自振”。separatrix分界线

subharmonic亚谐波曾用名“次谐波”。softspring,softeningspring软弹簧softexcitation软激励Dunkerleyformula邓克利公式Rayleightheorem瑞利定理distributedparametersystem分布参量系统dominantfrequency优势频率modalanalysis模态分析naturalmodeofvibration固有模态又称“固有振型”。synchronization同步ultraharmonic超谐波vanderPolequation范德波尔方程frequencyspectrum频谱fundamentalfrequency基频WKBmethod，Wentzel-Kramers-BrillouinmethodWKB方法buffer缓冲器aeolianvibration风激振动buzz嗡鸣cepstrum倒谱chatter颤动hunting蛇行impedencematching阻抗匹配mechanicaladmittance机械导纳mechanicalefficiency机械效率mechanicalimpedance机械阻抗stochasticvibration，randomvibration随机振动vibrationisolation隔振vibrationreduction减振stressovershoot应力过冲surge喘振shimmy摆振phugoidmotion起伏运动phugoidoscillation起伏振荡galloping驰振gyrodynamics陀螺动力学gyropendulum陀螺摆gyroplatform陀螺平台gyroscopictorque陀螺力矩gyrostabilizer陀螺稳定器gyrostat陀螺体inertialguidance惯性导航attitudeangle姿态角azimythalangle方位角Schulerperiod舒勒周期robotdynamics机器人动力学multibodysystem多体系统multi-rigid-bodysystem多刚体系统maneuverability机动性Kanemethod凯恩方法rotordynamics转子［系统］动力学rotor-support-foundationsystem转子［-支承-基础］系统staticbalancing静平衡dynamicbalancing动平衡staticunbalance静不平衡dynamicunbalance动不平衡fieldbalancing现场平衡unbalance不平衡unbalance不平衡量crossforce互耦力转子径向运动导致的力。flexiblerotor挠性转子fractionalfrequencyprecession分频进动halffrequencyprecession半频进动oilwhip油膜振荡rotorcriticalspeed转子临界转速self-alignment自动定心转子超临界转动时重心趋近轴心的现象。subcriticalspeed亚临界转速whirl涡动转子绕进动柔轴的转动。theoryofelasticity弹性理论homogeneousstateofstress均匀应力状态stressinvariant应力不变量straininvariant应变不变量strainellipsoid应变椭球homogeneousstateofstrain均匀应变状态equationofstraincompatibility应变协调方程Lameconstants拉梅常量isotropicelasticity各向同性弹性rotatingcirculardisk旋转圆盘wedge楔Kelvinproblem开尔文问题Boussinesqproblem布西内斯克问题Airystressfunction艾里应力函数Kolosoff-Muskhelishvilimethod克罗索夫-穆斯海里什维里法Kirchhoffhypothesis基尔霍夫假设plate板rectangularplate矩形板circularplate圆板annularplate环板corrugatedplate波纹板

stiffenedplate,reinforcedplate加劲板plateofmoderatethickness中厚板stressfunctionofbending弯［曲］应力函数shell壳shallowshell扁壳revolutionaryshell旋转壳sphericalshell球壳cylindricalshell［圆］柱壳conicalshell锥壳toroidalshell环壳closedshell封闭壳corrugatedshell波纹壳stressfunctionoftorsion扭［转］应力函数warpingfunction翘曲函数semi-inversemethod半逆解法Rayleigh-Ritzmethod瑞利-里茨法relaxationmethod松弛法Levymethod莱维法relaxation松弛dimensionalanalysis量纲分析self-similarity自相似［性］influencesurface影响面contactstress接触应力Hertztheory赫兹理论conformingcontact协调接触slidingcontact滑动接触rollingcontact滚动接触indentation压入anisotropicelasticity各向异性弹性granularmaterial颗粒材料mechanicsofgranularmedia散体力学thermoelasticity热弹性hyperelasticity超弹性viscoelasticity粘弹性correspondenceprinciple对应原理wrinkle褶皱totaltheoryofplasticity塑性全量理论又称“塑性形变理论（deformationtheoryofplastsliding滑动microslip微滑roughness粗糙度nonlinearelasticity非线性弹性largedeflection大挠度snap-through突弹跳变简称“突跳”。

finitedeformation有限变形Greenstrain格林应变Almansisstrain阿尔曼西应变dynamicelasticity弹性动力学equationofmotion运动方程quasi-static准静态的aeroelasticity气动弹性hydroelasticity水弹性flutter颤振elasticwave弹性波simplewave简单波cylindricalwave柱面波horizontalshearwave水平剪切波verticalshearwave竖直剪切波bodywave体波irrotationalwave无旋波distortionwave畸变波dilatationwave膨胀波Rayleighwave瑞利波equavoluminalwave等容波Lovewave勒夫波interfacialwave界面波edgeeffect边缘效应plasticity塑性力学formability可成形性metalforming金属成形crashworthiness耐撞性structuralcrashworthiness结构抗撞毁性drawing拉拔collapsemechanism破坏机