新牛津译林版英语八年级上册Unit3单元知识梳理

八年级上册Unit3单元知识梳理Welcometotheunit1.needtoexerciseandkeepfit需要锻炼来保持健康〈知识链接〉⑴keepfit,keephealthy,stayhealthy保持健康⑵need作名词时，构成短语inneed。作行为动词时有人称和数的变化，后接不定式或动名词；当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时，使用needdoing或needtobedone。作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。①Weshouldhelppeopleinneed.②Heneedstostudyhard.③Alotofhomeworkneedsfinishing.＝Alotofhomeworkneedstobefinished.2.comeon(命令句)快，快点吧；走吧；跟我来；好啦好啦；这边来吧〈知识链接〉Comeon!We’llbelateforschool.快点！我们上学要迟到了。3.Let’senjoyourselves!〈知识链接〉⑴enjoyoneself＝haveagoodtime玩得高兴,过得愉快，反身代词与主语保持一致。⑵Let’sdosth.,shallwe?除此以外的祈使句，无论是肯定式还是否定式，附加疑问部分一律用willyou。e.g.①Don’tbelateagain,willyou?②Openthedoor,willyou?③Letusgohome,willyou?4.sitinalittlecoffeeshopbytheRiverSeine坐在塞纳河畔的一个小咖啡店里〈知识链接〉⑴coffeehouse咖啡店；茶馆，coffeeshop咖啡店⑵by…在…旁边(比near近)Comeandwarmyourselfbythefire.过来烤烤火。5.takecare保重；当心，小心〈知识链接〉⑴take(good)careof…＝lookafter…well(好好)照顾…⑵lookout当心→lookoutof向…外看⑶becareful小心→becarefulof/with…珍视；注意Pleasebecarefulofyourhealth.请注意你的健康。6.abeautifulbuildingwithabiggardenandmanytrees介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词。7.interestingplaces＝placesofinterest有趣的地方；名胜(注意此处的interest无复数)〈知识链接〉这里interest解释为“令人感兴趣的事或人”。interest还表示“兴趣”，常用的短语有：show/haveinterestinsth对…某事感兴趣，show/haveinterestindoingsth对…做某事感兴趣①Danielshows/hasgreatinterestincomputers.②Danielshows/hasgreatinterestinmakinghisownhomepage.Reading1.invitemetojointheirschooltriptotheWorldPark邀请我参加她们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行〈知识链接〉⑴invitesbto…邀请某人去某地→sbbeinvitedto…某人应邀去某地，Millieinvitedmetoherbirthdayparty.→IwasinvitedtoMillie’sbirthdayparty.⑵invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事→sbbeinvitedtodosth某人应邀做某事，Weshouldinvitemorepeopletotakepartinthecharityshow.＝Morepeopleshouldbeinvitedtotakepartinthecharityshow.⑶join参加，加入某组织，如政党、社会团体等。joinsb,joinsbinsth指和某人一起做某事。joinin…＝takepartin…参加某活动，attend出席。试比较：Hejoinedthetennisclub.Themanjoinedthearmyattheageof19.Hejoinedinthegame.Didyoutakepartinyourschoolsportsmeeting?⑤We’regoingtoplanttrees.Willyoujoinus?⑥Hejoinedusinthegame.2.atthebeginning开始；起初〈知识链接〉⑴atthebeginning＝inthebeginning＝atfirst＝atthestart开始；起初(See8Ap42)⑵atlast,finally,intheend后来；最后；终于，与上述短语“开始，起初”意思相反。〈用法拓展〉⑴atthebeginningof…在…之初(后接时间)→attheendof…在…末尾，在…的尽头(后接时间或地点)注意：没有inthebeginningof…,intheendof…⑵frombeginningtoend自始至终；从头到尾。注意：该短语不含定冠词the。⑶beginwith…＝startwith…先做…；以…开始e.g.Let’sbeginwithExercise1.⑷表示“启程”、机器的“启动”只能用start。Let’sstartat6:00a.m.tomorrow.⑸Wellbegunishalfdone.良好的开端是成功的一半。3.getonacoach上长途汽车〈知识链接〉geton…/getoff…上、下(车、船等)，e.g.geton/getofftheplane上、下飞机4.alotoftraffic＝heavytraffic＝busytraffic交通拥挤，作主语时谓语动词用单数。5.feelsick感到难受，感到恶心〈知识链接〉⑴feelill感到不好受，fallill病倒⑵feelgood指身体健康或精神振奋，feelwell仅指没有生病e.g.①I’mnotfeelingsogood.CanIhavethedayoff?我感觉不大好。我今天能否休息？②Hedidn’tfeelwellaftertheoperation.他在这次手术之后，感觉身体不好。6.arriveattheWorldPark到达世界公园〈知识链接〉“到达”有三种表达，即：getto＋某地，arriveat＋小地方，arrivein＋大地方，reach＋某地。getto，arriveat/in后接地点副词时不能用介词，常用的地点副词有here,there,home。如：get/arrivehere/there/home到这里/到那里/到家。7.bemadeofmetal由金属制成〈知识链接〉⑴bemadeof…由…制成，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料，物理变化。Thedeskismadeofwood.这张桌子是木制的。⑵bemadefrom…由…制成，表示从成品上已经看不出原材料,化学变化。Wineismadeofgrapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。⑶bemadeupof…由…组成，由…构成，指各个部分组成整体。Ourclassismadeupof54students.我们班由54名学生组成。⑷bemadein…在某地制造NOKIAmobilephonesaremadeinBeijing.8.goandseeforyourself亲自去看看〈知识链接〉foroneself亲自，byoneself＝onone’sown＝alone独自；单独—Didshefinditoutforherself?—Yes.Shediditallbyherself.Grammar1.luckn.运气，常用于①Goodlucktosb.祝某人好运。②Goodluckwithsth.某事好运。luck→luckyadj.幸运的，e.g.aluckydog幸运儿lucky→luckily幸好，幸运地，幸运的是，常用于句首。Herhandbagwasstolenonherwaybackhome.(luck),shehadn’tputherkeysinit.2.keeptheirsecrettothemselves保守着他们的这个秘密〈知识链接〉⑴keepsthtooneself不将某事说出去e.g.①Shealwayskeepsherideastoherself.②Theproblemofstressgetsworsewhenpeoplekeeptheirworriestothemselves.⑵keepsecretsforsb为某人保密，e.g.Thankyousomuchforkeepingthesecretforme.3.as...as的用法as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+

adj./

adv.

+as。例如：(1)This

film

is

as

interesting

as

that

one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。

(2)Your

pen

writes

as

smoothly

as

mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。其否定式为not

as/so

+adj./

adv.

+as。例如：

This

dictionary

is

not

as/so

useful

as

you

think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

若有修饰成分，如twice,

three

times,

等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：

Your

bag

is

twice

as

expensive

as

mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。几个关于as...as的常见句型：

(1)as...as

possible

Please

answer

my

question

as

soon

as

possible.请尽快回答我的问题。

(2)as...as

usual/before

She

looks

as

pretty

as

before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。

(3)as

long

as...

(引导条件状语从句)

It

took

us

as

long

as

three

years

to

carry

out

the

plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。

(4)as

far

as

He

walked

as

far

as

the

railway

station

yesterday

evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。

(5)as

well

as

She

cooks

as

well

as

her

mother

does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。4.反身代词的用法：1）反身代词不能作主语，但是它可以作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如：我亲自去了电影院。误：Myselfwenttothecinema.正：Iwenttothecinemamyself.2）作介词的宾语。如：Nobody,shelearntitallbyherself.没人，她自学的。Imendedthebikebymyself.我独自修的自行车。Shesaidtoherself:“What’swrongwithmyeyes?”她自言自语地说，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”3）作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面：enjoy,help,hurt,teach,wash,lookafter等。如：Didyouenjoyyourselvesattheweekend?你们周末玩得开心吗？HeteacheshimselfEnglishathome.他在家自学英语。“Helpyourselvestosomefish.children。”“孩子们，随便吃一些鱼。”常用短语：byoneself，saytooneself，enjoyoneself，teachoneself，helponeselfto，takecareof/lookafteroneself,foroneself,byoneself。Integratedskills1.inthefinalofthebasketballcompetition在篮球赛决赛中(p50)〈知识链接〉inthefirsthalfofthe…在…的上半场比赛中，inthesecondhalfofthe…在…的下半场比赛中，inthefinalofthe…在…的决赛中，half-time中场休息，presentationofcupandmedals颁发奖杯和奖牌仪式，goldmedal金牌，silvermedal银牌，bronzemedal铜牌。注意：赢得/获得金牌：winagoldmedal2.takeplace发生；举行，不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态中。〈知识链接〉takeplace⑴发生①Thedialoguetookplaceatatailor’sshop.②GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1989.注意：happen是“偶然发生”e.g.Whathappenedtohimlastnight?⑵举行＝beheld，e.g.TheweddingofMichaelandStellawilltakeplacenextSunday.〈用法拓展〉taketheplaceof…取代/代替…，takeone’splace取代/代替某人①Hereisatoyplanetotaketheplaceoftheoneyoulost.②Mysisterisill,andI’vecometotakeherplace.Nowplastics(塑料)cansteel(钢材)inmanywaysinlife.A.takeplaceofB.taketheplaceofC.inplaceofD.insteadof3.supportv.&n.支持；养活e.g.①havealotofsupportfromsb得到某人的大力支持②Markhasabigfamilytosupport.马克养活一大家人。③withone’ssupport在某人的支持下support→supporter支持者；拥护者e.g.I’maYaoMingsupporter.我是姚明的球迷。4.gobacktomyschool回到我的学校(p51)〈知识链接〉gobackto…＝returnto…回到…e.g.HongandMacaohavereturnedtoChina.5.cheervi.欢呼；喝彩；cheerfor…为…欢呼→cheersb欢呼某人→ch