宾语从句讲义

宾语从句讲义把握三要素：连接词、时态和语序1.宾语是什么？宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)变成句子-->宾语从句变成句子-->宾语从句宾语的位置有哪些？动词后面例Helikesdogs.介词后面例Heremindsmeofmymom.间接宾语后面例Hesendmeatext.Hetellsmeastory.Heaskedmeaquestion.3.什么是直接宾语，什么是间接宾语？有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)（间接）（直接）有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)4.什么是宾语从句？HYPERLINK宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...（不是疑问句语序）宾语从句有哪些连词？从句来源连接词连接词在从句中的作用例子陈述句that,（口语中that可省）Theybelievethatthecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings一般疑问句if或whether;IwonderwhetherIshouldsaysomethingforhimtotheheadmaster.特殊疑问句连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?连接副词where,when,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等在从句中做状语Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.宾语从句的时态怎么处理？主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.IthinkIwilldobetterinEnglishthisterm.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.宾语从句的语序是怎么样的？宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。Idon’tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?补充知识：8.哪些下情况中that不能省略？1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;9.哪些结构的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待？besorry/afraid/sure/glad+that从句,如：I’msorryI’mlate.(对不起,我迟到了。)/I’mafraidheisn’tinatthemoment.(恐怕他此刻不在家。)10、哪些情况只用whether，不用if?①在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether（if…ornot也可以使用）。如：Letmeknowwhether／ifhewillcomeornot．（＝Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome）让我知道他是否能来。②在介词之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。③在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：b．Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我11.哪些情况只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句？①if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.②if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.③引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时

Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.时态练习题It’s7:30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.

A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tC.don’tstartD.hadn’tstarted

(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe

(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.

A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo

(4)We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.

A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass

(5)“Couldyoutellme______?”“Yes.They____tothelibrary.”

A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeen

C.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone

(6)Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.

A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys

(7)Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.

A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone答案：AAAACCC语序练习题(1)Didyoufindout______?

A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingfor

C.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor

(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?

A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit

(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay?

---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.

A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly

(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?