高中英语定语从句课件

定语从句

theAttributiveClause

名词性从句定语从句(一).定语从句构成及种类:1>.Theschoolwhereweliveand

studylieswestofthetown.

2>.I,

whoamyourEnglishteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句结构：

先行词+关系词

+定语从句Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Iwastheonlyperson

whowasinvitedinmyoffice.Jenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Theman

whocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.

注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.

(二).如何使用引导词:1.关系代词主语宾语

定语指代人指代物2.关系副词_______,______,______who

(that)whom

(that)whosewhich

that

whichthatwhosewhenwherewhy链接高考:1.(2006北京)Women______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeehaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose______don’t.2.(2004上海)Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace__________,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.who

who▲▲where▲3.(2006福建)Lookout!Don’tgetclosetothehouse________roofisunderrepair.4.(2002上海)Isthisthereason___________heexplainedtothemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

whose(that/which)考点与难点归纳1.如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词2.关系代词that与which

的不同点3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句4.as引导的定语从句5.一些特殊词之后定语从句关联词的选择6.定语从句与其它从句、强调句型的比较考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentkindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________whenPleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).why________Morningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud).when_________Doyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）where___________2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。

Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.

whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).wheninwhich_________________________3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.whichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.whichthat考点二：that和which的选择

(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。

a.All

thatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle

(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender(V.使投降，放弃).②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：

I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)

I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤当先行词中既有人又有物时，定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what

时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?What

thatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦

当关系代词在从句中作表语时：

Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)she

usedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.A.1).Hehandedeverything_______hehadstolen.(1988MET)2).Theonlything_______wecandonowistoworkhardatourlessons.3).Thisisthemostexcitingfilm_________Ihaveeverseen.4).Theytalkedofthepersonsandthings___________theyrememberedintheschool.5).Whoistheman___________isstandingoverthere?

(that)

(that)▲▲(that)▲

(that)------------------------------

that▲B.1>.(2005浙江卷)

Jimpassedthedrivingtest,________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2>.(1998NMET)

Wilmabecamethefirstwomantowin3Olympicgoldmedalsintrack,________madehermotherveryproud.

3>.(2004北京卷)

Luckily,wehadbroughtamapwithout________wewouldhavelostourway.which

which

which▲-----------------------------------总结:

下列两种情况下不能用that

引导定语从句:1>.引导非限制性定语从句;2>.关系代词前有介词前置时;

再如:Thisistheclassroom______________westudyin.Thisistheclassroomin____________westudy.(that/which)

which▲考点三：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper

forwhich

youoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms

aboutwhich

I’mnotsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyear

inwhich

theP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,

two-thirdsofwhom

havebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“

of+关系代词”型。如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,

ofwhichthedoor

openstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,

thedoorofwhich

openstothesouth.介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehasn’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.Kunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).Iwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.duringwhichwhenwhere/inwhichonwhich/when结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。1>.(2006湖南卷)Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,________wegavesomebellsandglasses.

A.towhichB.towhom

C.withwhomD.withwhich2>.(2005山东卷)

Hewaseducatedata

localgrammarschool,__________hewentontoCambridge.

A.fromwhichB.afterthat

C.afterwhichD.fromthat3>.(2006浙江卷)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.

A.ofthatB.ofwhich

C.that

D.which4>.(2005重庆卷)

Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’

Union.

A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtime

C.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime★★1>.(NMET)Theteachersetussuchadifficultproblem________noneofusworkedout.(对比:Theteachersetussuchadifficultproblem________noneofusworked

itout.)2>.(2000上海春)

Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_______peopleexpected.

as

that-------

as--------------考点四:_______________as引导的定语从句

1.如果定语放主句后，既可用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihave

saidbefore.2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,

theearthisround.总结：as与which引导的定语从句3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Such

books

asyoutellme

areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。

Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,

as

wasexpected.

Tomhasmadegreatprogress,

which

madeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful(丢脸的).b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.1>.(1998上海)

Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,_______ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.2>.(1999NMET)

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_________personallyIdoubtverymuch.3>.(2004北京)_______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.which

which

As4>.(2005浙江)

_______Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.

As

5>.

(2001NMET)

_______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

AsA.1>.(2003上海)

Icanthinkofmanycases________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.

2>.(2007陕西）Todaywearegoingtodiscussanumberofcases________beginnersofEnglishfail

tousethelanguageproperly.where

where考点五:一些特殊词之后定语从句关联词的选择:

3>.(2006山东卷)Wearejustgoingtoreach

apoint_________bothsideswillsittogetherandtalk.

4>.(2007江西卷)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer_________sheneededtodecidewhattodo.

但是，有时候需要克服思维定势，具体问题具体分析：-----Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-----Yes,thereisonepoint_______wemustinsiston.<2006江西卷＞where

where

(that)---------------------B.<2004湖北卷＞Whatsurprisedusmostwasnotwhathesaid________buttheway________hesaidit.________C.

Thisisthethirdtime_________youhavemadethesamemistake.

that

inwhich

×

(that)A.1).Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_________wasawastelandtenyearsago.

2).Amoderncityhasbeensetupinaplace________________wasawastelandbefore.3).Amoderncityhasbeensetup_________therewasawastelandtenyearsago.

what

宾语从句

which/that

定语从句

where地点状语从句----------考点六：与其它从句、强调句型的比较B.1).----Wheredidyougettoknowher?----Itwasonthefarm______sheworked_______Igottoknowher.2).Itwasinthevillage________hewasborn_________thecelebrationwasheld.

wherethat

where

that定语从句强调句C.1>.Peoplewereexcitedatthenews_________ChinasucceededinlaunchingChang’eOne.2>.Thenews______________hetoldusmadeusexcited.

that同位语从句

（that/which）定语从句

定语从句与同位语从句对比训练与巩固1.1).Hehastwodaughters,bothof________aredoctors.2).Hehastwodaughters,andbothof________aredoctors.2.1>.______iswellknownthatChinahaslaunchedChang’eOnesuccessfully.2>.______isknowntoall,

Chang’eOnehasbeenlaunchedsuccessfully.3>.________isknowntoallis

thatChinahassucceededinsendingupChang’eOne.

whom

them▲

It

As

What3.1>.Heissuchagoodteacher________wealllikehim.2>.Heissuchagoodteacher________wealllike.3>.Heisagoodteacher,

________weallknow.4>.Heisagoodteacher,_______makesusrespecthim.

that

as

as

which4.1>.Isthisthefactory_________heworkedfiveyearsago?2>.Isthisthefactory____________hevisitedtheotherday?3>.Isthisfactory______________hevisitedtheotherday?

where(that/which)

theone(that)Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.(去掉)theone^__^to____which5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.____that5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____As练习题1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek?A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、Thisistheveryfactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theoneA6、Thetextisoneofthemostinteresting

stories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB7、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB8、Letmethink