应用语言学-Interpersonal-Function课件

Interpersonal

function1Interpersonal

Function2We

use

language

to:interact

with

other

people;to

establish

and

maintain

relationships;to

influence

behaviour;to

express

our

own

point

of

view;to

elicit

or

change

the

point

of

view

ofothers.Interpersonal

function

has

its

own

systemofmeanings:

Four

basic

speech

roles

as

identifiedby

Halliday

and

Matthiessen

(2004:108):3giving

informationdemanding

informationgiving

goods

and

servicesstatementquestionofferdemanding

goods

and

services

commandFunctions

associated

with

particulargrammatical

structures:Statements

by

declarative

clausesQuestions

by

interrogative

clausesCommands

by

imperative

clausesOffers

odd

one

out;

not

associated

with

aspecific

moodchoice.4Interpersonal

Function

looked

at

in

terms

of:MoodModality5Mood6How

clauses

are

structured:

SubjectandFinite.e.g;

They’ve

allgone.They

subject,

have

is

the

auxiliary

verb:in

functional

grammar,

this

is

called

thefinite.Mood

=

Subject

+

Finite7Finite

–

the

first

functional

element

oftheverbal

group:Did

you

see

him

that

day?Didn’t

he

come

home

last

night?You

can

imagine

his

reactionWhat

were

you

doing?Someone

may

have

heard

the

shot.8Subject

+

Finite

also

called

the

mood

block:order

and

presence

of

the

subject

andfinite

determine

whether

or

not

the

mood

of

the

clause

is:declarative

(realizing

a

statement)interrogative

(realizing

a

question)imperative

(realizing

a

command)9Mood

block

=

subject

+

finite:

the

rest

of

theclause

is

called

the

residue.Mood

block

can

be

either

side

of

the

subject+finite.10i.

Declarative:

subject

^

finite:Tom

and

Nicole

were

drinking

red

wine

with

theirmealii

Yes/No

Interrogative:

finite

^

subject:Were

Tom

and

Nicole

drinking

red

wine

with

their

meal?Iii

WH-Interrogative:

where

the

question

word

(who,what,

which)

is

the

subject:

subject^

finite:Who

has

taken

all

the

wine?Imperative:

no

subject

or

finite,

residue

only:Drink

red

wine

with

your

meal11Structure

of

the

Residue:PredicatorPredicator

contains

the

lexical

element/s

of

the

verbal

group

(ie,

notthe

Finite

group.

It

specifies

what’s

going

on.12That

bottle

of

wineSubjectshouldFiniteMood

blockfor

a

few

hoursbechilledPredicatorResidueThat

bottle

of

wineSubject13shouldFiniteMood

blockbe

chilled

for

a

fewhoursPredicatorResidueSometimes,

Finite

is

fused

with

the

predicator:

e.g,smoked,

drank,

threw14GeraldSubjectthrewFinite/PredicatorMood

blockhis

cigarettes

into

the

trashResidueComplement15A

Complement

is

typically

a

participant

in

the

clause.(an

element

within

the

Residue

that

has

thepotential

of

being

subject

but

is

not…It

is

typicallyrealized

by

a

nominalgroup.)GeraldSubjectthrewFinite/Predicatorinto

thetrashMood

Blockhis

cigarettesComplementResidueAdjunct16Another

potential

constituent

of

the

clause

is

anadjunct: is

typically

realized

by

an

adverbialgroup

or

a

prepositional

phraseGeraldSubjectthrewFinite/PredicatorMood

Blockhis

cigarettesComplementinto

thetrashAdjunctResidueModality17Modality

refers

to

how

speakers

and

writers

take

up

aposition,

express

an

opinion,

point

of

view

or

make

ajudgment.

In

order

to

do

this,

make

‘adjustments’

withinthe

mood

block:

strong,

weak

or

middleground.Needle

exchange

programmes

could

be

governmentsponsoredNeedle

exchange

programmes

must

be

governmentsponsoredmodalization18modalitymodulationModalisation:

relates

to

the

speaker’s

judgment

of

the

validity

of

theproposition,

and

covers

the

scale

of

in

terms

of

probability

(possible-probable-certain)

and

usuality

(sometimes-usually-always).Modulation: relates

to

how

confident

the

speaker

can

be

in

theeventualsuccess

of

the

exchange,

a