被动语态讲解-2

被动语态讲解一．被动语态的运用英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。例：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.(主动语态)ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.(被动语态)ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)下面几种情况要用被动语态：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者。例如：Amanwaskilledinthehotelyesterday.（2）没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。例如：Paperismadeofwood.（3）只需要强调动作的承受着。例如：Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.二．被动语态的构成形式1．被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday./Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.2)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.3)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)六、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。被动语态习题一、单项选择。()1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto()2.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold()3.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup()4.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost()5.---Doyoulikethematerial?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt()6.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written()7.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed()8.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout()9.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto()10.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread()11Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound()12Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken()13.Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells()14.Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．have()15.Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway()16.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built()17.—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？—Yes．It'sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein()18.Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping()19.Shewasheard_____anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang()20.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying()21.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen()22.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use()23.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed()24.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout二．将下列主动句变成被动句1.Thefarmproducesmilk,meat,eggsandvegetables.___________________________________________________________________2.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWalltwothousandyearsago.___________________________________________________________________3.Wemustplantmoretreesnextyear.___________________________________________________________________4.UncleWanginventedanewmachinelastmonth.___________________________________________________________________5.Youshouldcleanandtidyyourbedroomeveryday.___________________________________________________________________6.PeopleinAustraliaspeakEnglish.___________________________________________________________________7.Peoplemaycatchfishintheriver.___________________________________________________________________8.Dalianproducesbigships.___________________________________________________________________9.Farmersharvestriceinautumn.___________________________________________________________________10.Wecanseenostarsintheday-time.___________________________________________________________________11.MrHenryheardastrangenoiselastnight.___________________________________________________________________12.Thenurselookedafterthosechildrenverywell.___________________________________________________________________13.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.___________________________________________________________________14.ThebossmadeJackworktwelvehoursaday.____________________________________________________________________15.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.____________________________________________________________________16.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.____________________________________________________________________17.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.____________________________________________________________________18.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.___________________________________________________________________19Hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.____________________________________________________________________20FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.____________________________________________________________________21TheynamedthechildTom.____________________________________________________________________三．把下列句子变成主动语态1.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.____________________________________________________________________2.Theplanswillhavetoberevised.____________________________________________________________________3.Allthewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.____________________________________________________________________4.HasJohnbeencuredofhisheartillness?___________________________________________________________