船体结构图文介绍

PAGE144简明船舶结构英汉图解词典3船体结构PAGE1433船体结构（ConstructionofShipHull）船体是由骨材和钢板组合而成的复杂结构体。由于骨材布置的方式不同，形成了不同的船体结构形式。船体结构各部位的作用不同，各个结构的细节也不相同。现将船体进行分解，按各个部位给出结构细节的名称。3.1船体结构形式船体横向布置的骨材间距较小，纵向布置的骨材间距较大，这种船体结构称为横骨架式结构；船体横向布置的骨材间距较大，纵向布置的骨材间距较小，这种船体结构称为纵骨架式结构。船体的强力甲板和船底采用纵骨架式结构，而舷侧和下甲板采用横骨架式结构，这种船体结构称为混合骨架式结构。eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)图3.1.1单甲板横骨架式船体结构图3.1.1单甲板横骨架式船体结构transverseframingsystemofsingle-deckhulleq\o\ac(○,1)甲板板deckedplateeq\o\ac(○,2)舷顶列板topsideplate,sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷侧外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,4)舭列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,5)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,6)龙骨centerlineverticalkeeleq\o\ac(○,7)平板龙骨flatkeel，platekeeleq\o\ac(○,8)旁内龙骨sidekeelsoneq\o\ac(○,9)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,10)甲板纵骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,11)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,12)强肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,13)舷侧纵骨sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,14)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,15)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,16)横舱壁板transversebulkheadplateeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构transverseframingsystemoftwo-deckedhulleq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)上甲板舱口围板hatchcoamingonupperdeckeq\o\ac(○,3)甲板间肋骨tweendeckframeeq\o\ac(○,4)二甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,5)甲板横梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,6)二甲板舱口围板hatchcoamingonseconddeckeq\o\ac(○,7)船侧外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,8)舱内肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,9)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,10)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,11)舭肘板bilgebracketeq\o\ac(○,12)主肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,13)内底板innerbottomplateeq\o\ac(○,14)舭部外板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,15)舭龙骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构eq\o\ac(○,16)扶强材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,18)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,19)中底桁bottomcentralgirder图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构longitudinalframingsystemofhulleq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,3)甲板纵骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,4)舷侧外板topsideplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)强横梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,6)水平扶强材horizontalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,7)强横梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,8)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,9)舷侧纵骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,10)纵舱壁longitudinalbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,11)强肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,12)撑材struteq\o\ac(○,13)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,14)面板faceplateeq\o\ac(○,15)肋板bottomtransverseeq\o\ac(○,16)舭龙骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,17)船底纵骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,18)船底纵桁bottomgirdereq\o\ac(○,19)船底板bottomplate图3.1.4混合骨架式船体结构combinedframingsystemofhulleq\o\ac(○,1)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,2)中纵桁centergirdereq\o\ac(○,3)旁纵桁sidegirdereq\o\ac(○,4)内底边板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,5)船底纵骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,6)内底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,7)内底纵骨innerbottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,8)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,9)主肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,10)舭龙骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,11)舱内肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,12)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)舷侧外板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,14)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,15)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,16)甲板纵骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,17)甲板横梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,18)二层甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,19)三层甲板thirddeckeq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)图3.1.4混合骨架式船体结构3.2船首结构船的首部是指上甲板以下，防撞舱壁以前的船体，这部分船体处于船的最前端。从外形上来看，船首部位的船体向着前端逐渐削尖，船体两侧外板在船的首柱处汇拢。从构造上来说，由于船首部位是受力集中的地方，如船在前进时会受到的水的作用力、碰撞力和波浪拍击力等外力的作用，所以船首结构采取特别加强处理。图3.2.1杂货船的船首结构布置stemconstructionarrangementofgeneralcargovesseleq\o\ac(○,1)锚anchoreq\o\ac(○,2)锚链anchorchain,anchorcableeq\o\ac(○,3)锚链筒hawsepipeeq\o\ac(○,4)导缆孔mooringpipeeq\o\ac(○,5)滚轮导缆钳rollerfairleadeq\o\ac(○,6)船首旗杆jackstaffeq\o\ac(○,7)通风管ventpipeeq\o\ac(○,8)缆桩bitts,bollardeq\o\ac(○,9)制链器chaincontroller,cablegrippereq\o\ac(○,10)艏楼平台forecastleplatformeq\o\ac(○,11)钢索卷车wirereeleq\o\ac(○,12)艏楼扶梯forecastleladdereq\o\ac(○,13)起锚机windlasseq\o\ac(○,14)锚链管chainpipeeq\o\ac(○,15)双滚轮导缆钳doublerolleropenchockeq\o\ac(○,16)栏杆handrailrailingeq\o\ac(○,17)锚链舱chainlockereq\o\ac(○,18)锚龛、锚穴anchorrecesseq\o\ac(○,19)栅栏杆openraileq\o\ac(○,20)栏杆柱handrailstanchioneq\o\ac(○,21)甲板锚链孔凸缘deckflangeofhawsepipeeq\o\ac(○,22)锚链孔喇叭口bell-mouthofhawseholeeq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,15)④③eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,17)图3.2.1杂货船的船首结构布置图3.2.2船首结构总体图（剥去外板见其内部）generalconstructionofstemeq\o\ac(○,1)锚链舱chainlockereq\o\ac(○,2)艏尖舱forepeaktankeq\o\ac(○,3)帆缆库boatswain’sstoreeq\o\ac(○,4)球鼻艏bulbousboweq\o\ac(○,5)流线形板fashionplateeq\o\ac(○,6)船首水平加强板ribbedplateeq\o\ac(○,7)第二层甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,8)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,9)艏楼甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,10)纵舱壁centerlinebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,11)止荡板swashplateeq\o\ac(○,12)防撞舱壁collisionbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,13)舷侧纵桁sidestringereq\o\ac(○,14)抗拍击纵板pantingstringerplateeq\o\ac(○,15)抗拍击梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,16)支柱pillareq\o\ac(○,17)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,18)双层底外侧肘板tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,19)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,20)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,21)甲板纵梁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,22)中纵桁centerlongitudinalgirdereq\o\ac(○,23)骑板riderplateeq\o\ac(○,24)横加强筋horizontalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,25)深肋板deepflooreq\o\ac(○,26)抗拍击纵材下梁pantingstringerunderbeameq\o\ac(○,27)球首内肋板ribeq\o\ac(○,28)艏尖舱壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,26)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,24)eq\o\ac(○,27)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,28)eq\o\ac(○,25)eq\o\ac(○,18)图3.2.2船首结构总体图图3.2.3艏柱结构constructionofstemposteq\o\ac(○,1)铸钢艏柱下半部lowerhalfofcaststeelstemposteq\o\ac(○,2)铸钢艏柱上半部upperhalfofcaststeelstemposteq\o\ac(○,3)嵌接处scarf（大中型船舶的艏柱由铸钢艏柱与钢板艏柱两部分组成，特指这两部分的连接部位）eq\o\ac(○,4)型板shapingplateeq\o\ac(○,5)艏楼甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,6)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)钢板艏柱steelplatestemposteq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)图3.2.3艏柱结构图3.2.4船首构造平面图planofstemconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)锚链舱chainlockereq\o\ac(○,2)锚链管chainpipeeq\o\ac(○,3)船首水柜forepeakwatertankeq\o\ac(○,4)型板shapingplateeq\o\ac(○,5)艏楼甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,6)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)船首水平加强板ribbedplateeq\o\ac(○,8)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,9)龙骨keeleq\o\ac(○,10)中纵桁centerlongitudinalgirdereq\o\ac(○,11)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,12)中内龙骨面板centerkeelsonfaceplateeq\o\ac(○,13)止荡板swashplateeq\o\ac(○,14)防撞舱壁collisionbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,15)储藏室boatswain’sstoreeq\o\ac(○,16)第二层甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,17)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,18)甲板梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,19)双层底doublebottomeq\o\ac(○,20)内底板tanktopplate，innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,21)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)图3.2.4船首构造平面图图3.2.5艏端结构立体视图3Dpictureofbowconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)升高肋板raisedflooreq\o\ac(○,2)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,3)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,4)减轻孔lighteningholeeq\o\ac(○,5)制荡舱壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,6)横梁transversebeameq\o\ac(○,7)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)锚链舱chainlockereq\o\ac(○,9)艏尖舱壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,10)扶强材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,11)外板shellplateeq\o\ac(○,12)水平桁horizontalgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)舷侧纵桁sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,14)抗拍击横梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,1)图3.2.5艏端结构立体视图图3.2.6球鼻形艏端结构立体视图3Dpictureofbulbousboweq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板横梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,3)扶强材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,4)锚链舱chainlockereq\o\ac(○,5)艏尖舱壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,6)抗拍击横梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,7)抗拍击纵板pantingstringerplateeq\o\ac(○,8)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,9)舷侧纵材sidestringereq\o\ac(○,10)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)图3.2.6球鼻形艏端结构立体视图3.3船尾结构船的尾部结构是指从艉尖舱的水密舱壁以后，上甲板以下的船体结构，包括艉尖舱和船尾突出体。船尾部位是船舶受力比较集中的地方，在结构上多采用横骨架式结构，并采取加强措施。eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,13)图3.3.1船尾结构平面图图3.3.1船尾结构平面图planofsternconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)船尾水柜aftpeakwatertankeq\o\ac(○,2)舵杆筒、舵杆围井redderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,3)艉柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,4)舵ruddereq\o\ac(○,5)深肋板deepflooreq\o\ac(○,6)遮蔽甲板shelterdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,9)水密舱壁watertightbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,10)第二层甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,11)应急出口、脱险井escapetrunkeq\o\ac(○,12)船尾水密横舱壁aftpeakwatertightbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,13)双层底doublebottomeq\o\ac(○,14)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,15)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)图3.3.2船尾结构立体视图图3.3.2船尾结构立体视图3Dpictureofsternconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)制荡舱壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,2)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,3)强胸横梁pantingbeam,struteq\o\ac(○,4)舷侧纵桁sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,5)轴毂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,6)艉柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,7)艉升高肋板sternraisedflooreq\o\ac(○,8)艉尖舱壁aftpeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,9)舵机平台steeringgearplatformeq\o\ac(○,10)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)图3.3.3a艉部结构全视图(1)eq\o\ac(○,11)横舱壁transversebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,12)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,14)强横梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,15)斜横梁cantbeameq\o\ac(○,16)舵杆筒、舵杆围井rudderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,17)斜肋骨cantframeeq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,28)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,27)eq\o\ac(○,26)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,24)eq\o\ac(○,25)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,15)图3.3.3b艉部结构全视图(2)图3.3.3a,b艉部结构全视图（去除外板见内部）overallconstructionofsterneq\o\ac(○,1)甲板纵桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,2)舵杆筒、舵杆围井rudderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,3)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,4)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,5)艉尖舱顶板tanktopplateeq\o\ac(○,6)舵机舱的舱壁steeringgearroombulkheadeq\o\ac(○,7)斜肋骨cantframeeq\o\ac(○,8)底肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,9)艉肋板transomflooreq\o\ac(○,10)艉柱顶框crowneq\o\ac(○,11)吊舵hangedruddereq\o\ac(○,12)尾柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,13)螺旋桨柱screwposteq\o\ac(○,14)轴毂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,15)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,16)艉柱根heelpiece,solepieceeq\o\ac(○,17)艉升高肋板（深肋板）sternraisedfloor(deepfloor)eq\o\ac(○,18)艉尖舱舱壁aftpeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,19)艉尖舱aftpeaktankeq\o\ac(○,20)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,21)船壳板hullplateeq\o\ac(○,22)内底板innerbottomplateeq\o\ac(○,23)舵钮ruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,24)甲板边板deckstringereq\o\ac(○,25)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,26)制荡舱壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,27)抗拍击纵材pantingstringereq\o\ac(○,28)抗拍击横梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,10)（a）有桨穴艉柱（b）无舵柱艉柱（c）无舵柱悬挂舵艉柱图3.3.4艉柱形式3.3.4艉柱形式sternframetypeseq\o\ac(○,1)舵钮ruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,2)舵柱rudderposteq\o\ac(○,3)艉柱踵材shoepieceeq\o\ac(○,4)艉柱根heelpiece,solepieceeq\o\ac(○,5)螺旋桨柱propellerposteq\o\ac(○,6)轴毂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,7)桨穴propellercaveeq\o\ac(○,8)拱梁（顶框）archedbeam,crowneq\o\ac(○,9)上舵钮upperruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,10)下舵钮lowerruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)图3.3.5艉轴架图3.3.5艉轴架propellershaftbracketeq\o\ac(○,1)轴包撑板caststeelbracingplate,webofbossingeq\o\ac(○,2)轴包套shellbossingeq\o\ac(○,3)眼镜形骨架spectacleframeeq\o\ac(○,4)艉轴管sternshafttubeeq\o\ac(○,5)双桨轴线axislineoftwinscrew3.4舷侧结构舷侧结构指从舭部肘板到上甲板间，船体舷侧的板架结构。舷侧结构主要承受水的压力和波浪冲击力，船体上甲板以上的上层建筑以及甲板设备和货物的重量，是保证船体横向强度和侧壁水密性的重要结构。舷侧结构也分横骨架式和纵骨架式两种形式。eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)图3.4.1横骨架式船侧结构图3.4.1横骨架式船侧结构transverseframingshipsideeq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板间横舱壁tweendecktransversebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)图3.4.2具有中间肋骨的横骨架式船侧结构eq\o\ac(○,3)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,4)货舱横舱壁transversebulkheadincargoholdeq\o\ac(○,5)船舱肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,6)甲板间肋骨tweendeckframeeq\o\ac(○,7)舷侧外板sideplating图3.4.2具有中间肋骨的横骨架式船侧结构transverseframingshipsidewithintermediateframeseq\o\ac(○,1)梁肘板beamknee,beambracketeq\o\ac(○,2)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,3)主肋骨mainframeeq\o\ac(○,4)中间肋骨intermediateframeeq\o\ac(○,5)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,6)舭部列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)图3.4.3加强肋骨式横骨架舷侧结构图3.4.3加强肋骨式横骨架舷侧结构transverselyframedshipsidewithwebframeeq\o\ac(○,1)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,2)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,3)强横梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,4)强肋骨webframe,deepframeeq\o\ac(○,5)舷侧纵桁sidestringereq\o\ac(○,6)主肋骨mainframeeq\o\ac(○,7)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,8)舭部列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,4)(a)(b)图3.4.4舷边结构图3.4.4舷边结构gunwaleconstruction（a）圆弧舷边roundedgunwale；（b）直角舷边rightanglegunwaleeq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)舷顶列板sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷边圆弧厚板gunwaleroundedthickstrakeeq\o\ac(○,4)舷边角钢stringerangleeq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)图3.4.5舷墙结构图3.4.5舷墙结构bulwarkconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)舷墙板bulwarkplating(plate)eq\o\ac(○,2)舷顶列板sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷边角钢stringerangleeq\o\ac(○,4)甲板边板deckstringereq\o\ac(○,5)扶强材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,6)扶手(bulwark)handraileq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)图3.4.6纵骨架式舷侧结构图3.4.6纵骨架式舷侧结构longitudinalframingshipsideeq\o\ac(○,1)舷侧板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)舷侧纵骨sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,3)中间肋骨intermediateframeeq\o\ac(○,4)强肋骨webframe，deepframeeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)(a)水平内底板(b)下倾内底边板eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)(c)上倾内底边板图3.4.7舭部结构形式图3.4.7舭部结构形式typesofbilgeconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)舷侧外板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,3)舭肘板bilgebracket，eq\o\ac(○,4)内底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)舭部外板bilgeplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,7)边缝seameq\o\ac(○,8)内底边板inner-bottommarginplateeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)(a)木质护舷(b)钢质护舷图3.4.8护舷结构图3.4.8护舷结构fenderconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)木铺板woodsheathingeq\o\ac(○,2)水泥流水沟cementdrainingeq\o\ac(○,3)螺栓tapbolteq\o\ac(○,4)半圆扁钢halfroundedflatplateeq\o\ac(○,5)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,6)横梁beameq\o\ac(○,7)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,8)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,9)舷侧外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,10)扁钢flatplateeq\o\ac(○,11)硬木hardwoodfendereq\o\ac(○,12)木螺钉woodscreweq\o\ac(○,13)横向护板transverseflatsteelplateeq\o\ac(○,14)扁钢加强筋flatplatestiffenereq\o\ac(○,15)半圆护舷钢板halfroundedsteelfender3.5船底结构船底是船的基础，是保证船体总纵强度、横向强度和船底局部强度的重要结构。船底结构有双层底结构和单层底结构两种类型。按骨架的排列方式可分为横骨架式结构和纵骨架式结构两种形式。图3.5.1横骨架式双层底结构transverseframingdoublebottomeq\o\ac(○,1)内底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)内底横骨innerbottomframeeq\o\ac(○,3)透气孔airholeeq\o\ac(○,4)内底边板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,5)舭部外板bilgeplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)加强筋stiffener,reinforcingbareq\o\ac(○,7)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,8)流水孔drainholeeq\o\ac(○,9)中底桁bottomcentergirdereq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,15)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,11)船底肋骨bottomframeeq\o\ac(○,12)扶强材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,13)边接缝sidejointeq\o\ac(○,14)框架肋板肘板bracketofwebflooreq\o\ac(○,16)加强筋stiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,18)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,19)人孔manholeeq\o\ac(○,20)切口notcheq\o\ac(○,21)减轻孔lighteningholeeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)