《圆明园全英介绍》

OldSummerPalace1编辑课件TheLocationofOldSummerPalaceItislocated8kilometres(5.0

mi)northwestofthewallsofthe

ImperialCityandwasbuiltinthe18thandearly19thcenturyastheplacewheretheemperorsofthe

Qingdynasty

residedandhandledgovernmentaffairs(the

ForbiddenCitywasusedforformalceremonies).2编辑课件TheOldSummerPalacewasknownforitsextensivecollectionofgardenandbuildingarchitecturesandotherworksofart(apopularnameinChinawasthe"GardenofGardens",

simplifiedChinese:

万园之园;traditionalChinese:

萬園之園;

pinyin:

wànyuánzhīyuán).

3编辑课件TheImperialGardensattheOldSummerPalaceweremadeupofthreegardens:GardenofPerfectBrightnessproper(simplifiedChinese:

圆明园;

traditionalChinese:

圓明園;

pinyin:

YuánmíngYuán)GardenofEternalSpring(simplifiedChinese:

长春园;

traditionalChinese:

長春園;

pinyin:

ChángchūnYuán)ElegantSpringGarden(simplifiedChinese:

绮春园;

traditionalChinese:

綺春園;

pinyin:

QǐchūnYuán)4编辑课件

InitialconstructionoftheOldSummerPalacebeganin1707duringthereignoftheKangxiEmperor.Itwasintendedasagiftfortheemperor'sfourthson,PrinceYong(thefuture

YongzhengEmperor),whowouldgreatlyexpandtheImperialGardensin1725.TheYongzhengEmperoralsointroducedthewaterworksofthegardens,creatinglakes,streamsandpondstocomplementtherollinghillsandgrounds,andnamed28scenicspotswithinthegarden.PeriodITheHistoryofOldSummerPalace5编辑课件Duringthe

QianlongEmperor’sreign,thesecondexpansionwaswellunderwayandthenumberofscenicspotsincreasedto50(theemperorpersonallydirectedtheconstructionprocess).Thesplendorsofthepalaceandthegroundsweredepictedinthe

FortyViewsoftheYuanmingyuan,analbumproducedin1744bytheQianlongEmperor'scourtpainters.PeriodII6编辑课件ThelastEuropeanappearanceintheOldSummerPalaceinthecontextoftraditionalChineseimperialforeignrelations,wasa

diplomaticmissionin1795representingtheinterestsoftheDutchand

DutchEastIndiaCompany.TheTitsinghdelegationincluded

IsaacTitsingh,theDutch-American

AndreasEverardusvanBraamHouckgeest,andtheFrenchman

Chrétien-Louis-JosephdeGuignes.Bothpublishedcomplementaryaccountsofthemission.TitsinghdiedbeforehecouldpublishhisversionoftheeventsPeriodIII7编辑课件LootingoftheOldSummerPalacebyAnglo-Frenchforcesin1860duringthe

SecondOpiumWar.TheprocessofinvadingTheDestructionofOldSummerPalace8编辑课件In1860,duringthe

SecondOpiumWar,BritishandFrenchexpeditionaryforces,havingmarchedinlandfromthecoastatTianjin(Tientsin),arrivedin

Beijing(Peking).9编辑课件Inmid-September,twoenvoys,

HenryLoch

and

HarryParkswentaheadofthemainforceunderaflagoftrucetonegotiatewith

PrinceYi

andrepresentativesoftheQingEmpireat

Tongzhou(Tungchow).10编辑课件Onthenightof6October,FrenchunitsdivertedfromthemainattackforcetowardstheOldSummerPalace.11编辑课件OnOctober18,

LordElgin,theBritishHighCommissionertoChina,retaliatedagainstthetortureandexecutionsbyorderingthedestructionoftheOldSummerPalace.12编辑课件AftermathIn1873,theteenage

TongzhiEmperor

attemptedtorebuildtheOldSummerPalace,onthepretextofturningitintoaplaceofretirementforhistwoformerregents,theempressdowagers

Ci'an

and

Cixi.However,theimperialcourtlackedthefinancialresourcestorebuildthepalace,andattheurgingofthecourt,theemperorfinallyagreedtostoptheprojectin1874.Duringthe1880s,anadjacentimperialgardens,theGardensofClearRipples(thepresent-d