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91

[

一一般现一

过现

进过

X

)

(

将上过

将在去行行成成来来时时时时

时时一

二一

一般现在时

:概

动作

时间状语

:always,usually,often,sometimes,every

week<day,year,month…>,once

a

week,on

Sundays,etc.基本结构:①be动词;②

行为动词不

形式

a

m

/is

ra-not一什么情况下用?①

表示经常或

惯性

的动作或存

在的状态.②表示主语通常的能力、

趣爱好、和性格特征.③表示客观的

事实或真理.④表示按照时刻表或已

好的

.

是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,take

off,stop,be等

表示

意义的词.⑤在时间状语从句和条件

状语从句中,主句用一般将来时≤will+动词原形>,从句中用一般现

在时表将来.〔主将从现当

称时,谓语动词要用第

式加

-s/es.

除此

之外

都用

.>=动

数形

则规

则例

子一

-

s

,

(

/

s

/

,Play→plays在

/

z

/

;

t

/

t

s

/

,leave→leaves在

d

/

d

z

/

)swim→swimspass

→passes以

s

,

x

,

c

h

,

s

h

,

o

-

e

s

,fix→fixes读

/

i

z

/

,

e

,

则teach→teaches只

-

s

。wish→wishesdo→does以

y

词,

y

i

,

-

e

s

,

/

z

/study→studiescarry->carriesfly→flies1.

He

<be,am,is,re>ateacheratNo.2MiddleSchool.2.He

<have,hasclasses

inthe

afternoon.3.He

<get,gets>up

at

half

past

six

every

morning.4.He

always

<come,comes>to

school

ontime.5.He

<study,studies>very

hard

at

his

lesson.

6.One

and

two

<be,tare>three.7.Blue

and

yellow

<make,makes>green.8.Theearth

<move,moveroundthesun.9.I

will

go

there

ifI

<be,will

be,an

,are>free

tomorrow.10.IwillgotherewhenI

.

<have,wil

e,

has>timetomorrow.11.He

won'tcome

to

the

party

unless

he

<be,will

be,am,is,are>invited.12.I’ll

wait

here

until

my

mother

<come,

e

retu

om√e

to

the

library

as

soonas

you.

<finish,finishes,willfinish>readingit.14.Once

you

<see,sees,will

see>him,youwillneverforgethinbookback.tcleass,willPme3o1c一般过去时概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状忍

过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.时间状语:

ago,yesterday,the

day

beforeyesterday,lastweek<year,night,month…>,in

1989,just

now,at

the

age

of5,one

day,longongago,once

upona

time,etc.爆

本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词

前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用

助动词do的过去式did

提问,同时还原行为谓

使用

,加

ed,

动作,

用“used

to

do

”和

“would

+动词原形”。构成规则例子一

-

e

d

,(

清辅音

/

t

/;

在浊

读/d/;在/t/,/d/后读/id/。look→lookedplay→playedwork→worked结

e的

-

dlike→likedlive→livedhope→hoped末尾只

母的重

读闭

音节,

母,

-

e

dplan→plannedstop→stoppeddrop→dropped结尾是

“辅

+

y”

的动词,先变

y

i

-

edstudy→studiedworry→worriedcry→cried1.He

<be,wa

were,been>hereamomentago.2.They

<be,was,were,boen>here

justhow.3.The

scientists

<leave,leaves,leaved,

left>for

America

yesterday.4.Last

week

we

<visit,visited

>theSciedeMuseum.5.When

I

was

a

child,I

often

<play,played>football

√6.Thestudents

ran

out

ofthe

classroom

assoon

as

the

bell

<ring,rang,rung>.作谓语的动词用来表示动作〔情况发生时间的各种形式称为时态.1.概念:

表示现阶段或说话时正在进行

.2时间状语:

Now,atthistime,days,look.

fsten等时间状语做标志.3.基本结构:主语+be+doing+

其他4.

否定形式:主语+be+not+doing+

其他

5.一般疑问句:

把be动词放于句首.6.

:现

示1>

进行或发生的动作,强调"此时比刻"

.E.g.He

is

reading.Theyaretalking

now.2>、

.days.的动词,先去e,再

-ing.E.ghave

write、

.以

只有

个辅音字母结尾的词一

-,E.g.jump以

母e结

尾现

有1

>、ing2

>、1.I

<write,am

writi

s

writing,arewriting>a

letter

now.2.Look,it

<begin,is

beginnin

nbeginning,are

beginning>to

rain.3.They

<study,isstudying,am

studying,are

studying>memdne

at

the

Medical

Instituteof

Chengde

these

days.4.He

_<teach,am

teaching,is

teaching,are

teaching>an

English

lesson

at

this

time.卡讲

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正

在发生或进行的行为或动作.2.时间状

:atthistimeyesterday,at

thattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去

时的时间状语等.3基本结构主语+was/were

+doing+其他4

.

否定

主语+was/were

+not+

doing+

他5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.<

个字

母大写其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章.过去进行时常与过去某一特定时

间的状语连用,如

lastnight,atthat

time,atnoonyesterday,lastSunday等

.

上下

.1.I

<cook,cooked,was

cookiagverecooking>breakfastwhenyou

arrived.2.What

you

<do,did,was.doing,were…doing>atthisyesterday

evening?3.We

<have,arehaving,had,werehaving>dinner

when

the

doorbell

rang.4.While/When/Aswe

<have,had,arehaving,were

having>dinner,the

doorbell

rang.

构成:①will,shall+动词原形,其中shall只用于

第一人称.②begoingto+动词原形,表示主

观打算,按计划,安排要发生的事情.③beto+动词原形,表示客观安排

beaboutto+不定式,意为马上要做某事,正要做某事.⑤

某些动词,可用进行时态表将来,如come,go,

antive,leave.⑥在时间状语从句和条件状语

时<will+

>,从句中用一般现在时表将来.⑦一般现在

时可

表示按时间表发生的将来的动作<限tart,begin,arrive,end,close,leave---开始或移动意义的词>等

示时

间状语:Tomorrow,nextday<week,month,year…>,soon,in

a

few

minutes,

by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.否定形式:主语+am/is/are

not

going

to

do;

+will/shallnot

do+其

他一般疑问句:

be放于句首;

will/shall提到句首.

e-g.She

will

be

back

in

three

days.Shewillnotbebackinthree

days.WilShebebackin

three

days?Theyaregoingtocleantheir

classroom.They

arenotgoingtocleantheir

classroom.Aretheygoingtocleantheirclassroom?1

you

adoctor

when

yougrow

up?C

Are;/DWill;be

2I

don'

t

know

if

his

uncle

.I

think

he

if

it

doesn'train.A

will

come;comes

B

wit

me;will

comeC

comes;comes

D

comes;will

come3

He

will

be

back

a

few

minutes.A

with

B

for

C

on

Din.

4Whattime

wemeetatthegatetomorrow?A

will

Bl

C

do

D

are5He

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

he

the

work

next

week.A

Will;going

to

be

B

Are;goingta

beB

doesn't

finishD

won't

finishA

finishesvill

finish6

There

some

showers

this

afternoon.ll

be

B

will

haveCisgoingtobeD

are

goingto

have7It

my

brother'

sbirthdaytomorrow.She

aparty.A

is

going

tobe;willhave

B

will

be;is

havingyill

be;is

going

to

have

D

will

have;is

going

to

beMing

is

10years

oldnow,next

year

he

11.A

is

B

is

going

to

be

C

will

be

D

will

to

be构成:

[would

+

动词原形,或将来时的其

它过去构成形式was

going

to

do……表示以过去某一时间为参照,在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.在宾语从句及间接引语中,时态呼应,经常会用到过去来

时.如Ithoughtitwasgoing

to

be

fun.时间状语:

---soon/the

next

day---that-

clause<名词性从句或上下文中--->1.I

told

myfriendthatI

<should/would

arriw,shall/will

arrive>soon.2.They

looked

atthoseclouds

overthesky.It

<isgoing

to

rain,wasgoingto

rain>.3.They

said

that

e

<are

to

meet,were

to

meet≥at

the

gate

the

next

day.

4.We

<are

ab

to

go,wereabout

to

go>out

when

it

started

to

rain

主完成过去,持续到现在,

可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去

的动作或状态,甚至延续到将来,并对

现在造成一定的影响或结果.常与since+过去时〔间,for+一段时间连用表

.2

.时

yet,already,just,never,ever,so

far,by

now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本结构:主语+have/has

+p.p〔

词+

他4.否定形式:

主语+have/has

+not

+p.p〔过去分词+其他5.一般疑问句:

have/has+主语+p.p

+

?王非

延续性,常见的有come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,buy,join,die,buy,find,stop,become,open,borrow,lend,appear,close,fall,finish,sell,lose,kill等,这些动词不能和表

形有

能用于完成时态中.其实,

续性

词与

时间

段的

搭配,与现在完成时态无

.延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用在具体的语言环境中,往往会出现非延续

性动词与时间段相连用的情况.由于受汉语

影响,往往错误地直译为:He

hasfallenasleepfor

an

hour.他睡了一小时了.〔

×Hisfatherhas

died

forthree

years.他

.

×当出现这种情况时,我们往往采取以下解决方法:〔1

态动词.所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态.如:Hehasbeen

asleep

for

an

hour.

〔fallasleep,"入睡"为短暂动作,但beasleep"睡着"则为状态动词,可延续.His

father

has

been

dead

for

threeyears.〔die为短暂动词,"死"后的状态

可用"be

dead"这

种系

可延续.常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类:gothere—bethere,comeback—beback,borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,arrive—bein,

begin—be

on,open—be

open,close—be

closed,

die—bedead,leave—beawayfrom,getup—beup

fallasleep—beasleep,become—be,join—ben/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—have

a

cold,get

married—bematried,come

→be

in,finish

→be

over,leaver

→be

awayhave

[hasbeen和

have

[hasgone

别have

been

to

a

place意思是"到过

"

,

,但

;havegone

to

a

place表示"去了",已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的

.1.

You

have

a

tall

young

man.A

grown

Dwninto

C

grown

us

D

grown

up2.He

has

the

watch

for

a

year.A

buy

B

bought

C

have

D

A

kept

in

B

C

fed

on

D

kept

on4.T

this

bookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturn

it

now.A

borrowed

B

have

borrowed

C

kept

D

havekept5.Have

you

ever

to

the

Great

Wall?It's

v

e

autiful.A

gone

B

been

C

went

D

go6.Her

brother

thePart

e1978.A

joined

B

has

joined

C

has

been

in

D

was

in7.The

Greens

manyplacf

interestsincetheycametoChina.AwillvisitBvisitedChavevisitedDvisit3.Has

your

brother

the

dog?8

I'm

sorry,I

your

name.A

had

forgotten

B

forgothave

forgottenD

forgotten9

Thebookshop_for

eight

years.Ahas

been

open

B

has

been

openedasopenedD

has

open10

We

have

all

the

paper

so

we

need

tobuysome.A

used

upfilledwith11

The

flower

IAplantedhashas

plantedB

made

ofD

hunted

forgrown

up.Bplantedhave

Dhaveplanted巧

题技巧1:寻找现在完成时中的"段时间

<1>现在完成时表示过去已经开始

并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表

:for+

间;since+

点时间<since作连词后接从

>

.<

2>现在完成时态也用在含有during

in/overthelast

years或in

recentyears

等的句子中.趁

宅关yOu

have,studied

B.did,liveC.do,stayD.were,swimming3.—How

is

your

father?I

himforalongtime.

He

is

fine,butbusy.don’

t

see

B.hadn'

t

seenC.didn'

tseeD.ha

tseen4.Meimeihasreceivedseveralletters

fromherhometown

since

she

tothecity.A.

attracted

B.attracts

sHa

twra

dg

D.will

attract

here?1.The

Oriental

Pearl

TV

Tower

tens

ofthousands

of

visitors

since1995.—For

about

two

years

so

far.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome技巧2:寻找现在完成时的副词

.<1>在做时态题时,注意观察向

时的副词:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,Fever>since

等.<

2

>

:It

has

been

+段

时间

+sin

ee+过

.

表趁

铁1.—What

are

you

going

to

do

this

weekend?—I

yet. haven't

decided

B.won'

t

decideC.have

decided

D.didn't

decide2.My

mother

the

windows

already,so

the

room

looks has

cleaned

B.had

cleaned

C.is

cleaning

D.will

clean3.It

ten

years

since

we

last

in

Beijing.A.

was,

met

B.h..en,metC.was,meet

D.is,meet4.—How

long

has

the

weather

been

like

this?

A.

Until

last

night

B.E

n

ce

last

nightC.Two

days

ago

D.Two

days

latermuch

brighter.技巧3:把握have

been

to与

have

gone

to

的区别.have

been

to

曾经去过某处<现在已经

不在那个地方,强调以前的经历>Havegone

to去

<

经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回

>1.—Is

that

Jack

speaking? —Sorry,he

isn'tinrightnow.He

thecinemawithhis

aunt.A.hasbeentoB.h

gonetoC.have

been

toD.havegone

to2.—Hello,may

I

speak

to

your

father,please?—Sorry,my

father

to

Shanghai.He

wentthere

this

morning.A.goes

B.has

gone

C.hasbeen

D.go3.

How

m

imes

you

toBeijingthis

year?

A.have,been

Thave,gone—Three

times.B.had,beenD.hadgone技巧4:分清延续性动词和非延续性动词.延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的

动词.如:have,keep,study,live,teach

等.

非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成

的动词.如:begin,buy,borrow,lend

等.

做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如

果有则用延续性动词.arrived;come

B.come;gotC,stayed;been

D.left;been

.

he

film

for

half

anhasbegunB.has

beenC.has

been

on

D.began1.—Oh,Mrs.King,your

dress

looks

nice.Is

it

new?

—No,I

it

since

two

years

ago.A.had

B.boughtbought

D.has

hadlong

has

the

gnerhas

here

for

here?sever

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