考研英语-英语知识运用(完型填空)

英语知识运用（完型填空）考研英语（二）第一讲完型填空应试讲座该题型主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。一共有20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。一、完型填空的三大命题规律规律1考查逻辑关系上下文逻辑关系是历年必考的题目之一。此题型通常出现在句与句之间的衔接处，或者语义的递进、转折、让步、列举等地方。常出现的逻辑关系词有连词、副词、语气词及插入语和介词词组等。所填空格的句子与上下文构成的关系有指代、列举、因果、转折、让步、对比、补充、递进等。例证：SomepeoplewithahighBMI(bodymassindex身体质量指数)areinfactextremelyfit,____otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoorshape.A.soB.whileC.sinceD.unless规律2考查词义辨析和上下文语义这类题型所占的比重最大。其特点有二：一是四个选项填入空格所在的句子，单看该句子，语义搭配和意思均通顺，而正确选择选项需要通过上下文的意义进行确定；二是有些选项代入空格，语法没有错误，但不能构成通顺的语义。此题型不仅要求考生理解所给词汇的基本义和引申义，还要结合上下文语境进行分析。例证Ofevengreaterconcernisthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined____bodymassindex,orBMI.A.intermsofB.incaseofC.infavorofD.inrespectof规律3考查惯用搭配惯用搭配也叫习惯用法，固定用法或常用词组，包括名词与介词的搭配、形容词与介词的搭配、副词与介词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配等。考生做题时要注意哪些词语有可能是固定搭配，哪种搭配符合文中要表达的意思。例证MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_____childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.A.forB.againstC.withD.without二、完形填空5大解题技巧完型填空是一种障碍阅读，特别注重考查考生的逻辑思维、推理判断和对各种语言现象的综合运用能力，因此掌握正确的做题步骤十分重要：1）跳过空格，通读全文。考生首先需跳过空格，迅速浏览文章，抓住文章主旨，大致理清文章的内在结构。2）瞻前顾后，寻找答案。联系空格前后的信息寻找相关线索，分清句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，利用已知信息推出未知信息，一题一题地作答。3）检查答案，纠错防漏。全部题目做完之后，应该从头到尾再读一遍，核对答案正误。了解答题步骤之后，掌握以下几个技巧能让考生解题时事半功倍。技巧1利用上下文语义关联答题在一个上下文语境中，各个词或意群之间不仅存在语法上的联系，还存在语义上功能上的联系。理清上下句的结构关系（如例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、总分关系）是解题的关键。要抓住题目中所在句的关键词，特别是暗示上下文逻辑关系的关键词，根据关键词猜测空格处的缺失信息。例证Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.____,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenanindicatorofgoodhealth.A.insteadB.howeverC.likewiseD.therefore技巧2借助关联词答题为了连接上下文，使之成为一个逻辑关系清楚的有机整体，英语里常常使用一些逻辑关系衔接词，这些词往往对解题起到很大的作用。解题时，我们可以根据逻辑关系词，确定选项中哪个词填入空格最符合语境。文章的逻辑关系主要包括列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、时间顺序、目的、条件等，对应的逻辑关系衔接词主要有以下几类：表列举的衔接词：suchas,forexample,forinstance,tonameafew表原因的衔接词：as,since,because,for,inthat,nowthat,owingto,thanksto,dueto,becauseof,onaccountof,given表结果的衔接词：so,asaresult,consequently,therefore,thus,hence,forthisreason表让步的衔接词：though,although,eventhough,evenif,inspiteof,despite表对照的衔接词：while,incomparison,conversely,bycontrast,onthecontrary表补充的衔接词：inaddition,besides,additionally,apartfrom表时间顺序的衔接词:then,after,before,following,priorto表目的的衔接词：inorderto,sothat,withaviewto,inorderthat,soasto,forthepurposeof,inhopeof,lest表条件的衔接词：if,supposing,incase,intheeventthat,aslongas,provided,onconditionthat,unless例证Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayersqualifyasobese,thoughtheirpercentageofbodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta___BMI.A.strangeB.changeableC.normalD.constant技巧3根据搭配关系答题英语知识运用对词汇的考查并不单纯从辨析的角度出题，也会考查词汇的搭配。通常是名词、动词、形容词等实词和副词、介词的搭配，或者实词与实词间在语义上是否能形成搭配。以下为三种常考的搭配题型：1.实词与实词的搭配例证BMI____bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.A.measuresB.determinesC.equalsD.modifies2.实词与虚词的搭配例证Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmentaproposaltomaketheWebasaferplace---a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-techequivalentofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled___one.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over3.固定用法/习惯用法例证Thiswasnotavolunteersolider,notsomeonewellpaid,____anaverageguy,up____thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.5.A.andB.norC.butD.hence6.A.forB.intoC.fromD.against技巧4根据排除法1）排除与语义无关的选项解题过程中一旦发现与文中所述毫无关联的选项，便可立即排除，缩小选择范围，以加快解题速度，提高准确率。例证SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,whileotherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor____.A.shapeB.spiritC.balanceD.taste2）利用意思相反的选项排除干扰项英语知识运用所给的备选项中常常会出现意思相反的选项，如褒义和贬义、肯定与否定、积极与消极等，通常意义相反的选项必有一个为正确选项。这样一来，就可以确定另外两个选项是干扰项。例证Anumberofstudieshaveconcludedthatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually____.A.protectiveB.dangerousC.sufficientD.troublesome3）利用搭配排除错误项英语知识运用还经常考查实词与实词的搭配、实词与介词的搭配或固定表达等。解题时，一旦发现选项与空格前后相关的词汇不能搭配使用时，可立即排除。例证G.I.JoehadadistinguishedcareerfightingGerman,Japnese,andKoreantroops.Heappearsasacharacter,ora___ofAmericanpersonalities,inthe1945movietheStoryofG.I.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.A.companyB.communityC.collectionD.colony技巧5根据语义复现答题语义复现主要有以下形式：原词复现、同根词复现、同义或近义词复现，反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现等。掌握了这一特点，便可迅速找到解题线索，得出正确答案。例证Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.However,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeenaroundfortowdecadesbuthavenotyet

cometofruition.Forexample,…whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___incoming?A.silentB.suddenC.slowD.steadyTest1(1)Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertytheycreateandown.Intellectualproperty__1__creativethinkingandmayincludeproducts,_2__,processes,andideas.Intellectualpropertyisprotected_3__misappropriation.Misappropriationistakingtheintellectualpropertyofotherswithout_4__compensationandusingitformonetarygain.(2)Legalprotectionisprovidedforthe_5__ofintellectualproperty.Thethreecommontypesoflegalprotectionarepatents,copyrights,andtrademarks.1.A.differsfromB.leadstoC.resultsfromD.departsfrom2.A.servicesB.reservesC.assumptionsD.motions3.A.forB.withC.byD.from4.A.materialB.partialC.dueD.random5.A.usersB.ownersC.mastersD.executives(3)Patentsprovideexclusiveuseofinventions.IftheU.S.PatentOffice__6_apatent,itisconfirmingthattheintellectualpropertyis__7_.Thepatentpreventsothersfrommaking,using,orsellingtheinventionwithouttheowner’s__8_foraperiodof20years.(4)Copyrightsaresimilartopatents_9__thattheyareappliedtoartisticworks.Acopyrightprotectsthecreatorofan_10__artisticorintellectualwork,suchasasongoranovel.6.A.affordsB.affiliatesC.fundsD.grants7.A.solemnB.soberC.uniqueD.universal8.A.perspectiveB.permissionC.conformityD.consensus9.A.exceptB.inC.butD.despite10.A.absoluteB.alternativeC.originalD.orthodoxAcopyrightgivestheownerexclusiverightstocopy,_11__,display,orperformthework.Thecopyrightpreventsothersfromusingandsellingthework.The_12__ofacopyrightistypicallythelifetimeoftheauthor_13__anadditional70years.(5)Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand_14__itfromsimilargoodsofothers.Aservicemarkissimilartoatrademark_15___isusedtoidentifyservices.11.A.presumeB.stimulateC.nominateD.distribute12.