初中英语语法总结一览表-6

初中英语语法总结一览表语法项目构成用法象征词规则变化不规则变化例句一般现在时动词用原形三人称单数-s/es表示经常性的动作或状态Every

often

alwayson天in月、季、节、年。一般-s–es辅音＋y---ieshave----has

Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般过去时动词用过去时Be—was/were表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态ago/justnow/In1998last/yesterday等一般/去e双写/辅＋y结尾－iedgo-wentcome-camedo-didleave-left等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.一般将来时begoingto＋V原will/shall+V原在将来某个时间或某段时要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonight

in2010

Gocomeleavestayfly等用进行表将来Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.现在进行时be＋doing表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态listen

look

nowallthetime

Don’t…一般去e双写+ingtie

die

lie–变ie为y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.现在完成时现在完成进行have/has+PPhave/hasbeen+doing发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等含糊的频率副词

already

just

neverever分词规则的同过去式是一样的不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.Hehassleptfortwodays..过去进行时was/were+doing多用于复合句中表在过去某时间正在进行的动作atthistimeyesterdaylastSundayevening一般去e双写+ingtie

die

lie–变ie为y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday过去完成时had+动过去分词多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过去bythetime＋过去时when

after

before规则的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆详见不规则动词表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendof

lastyear.过去将来时would+V原形多用宾语从句中过去看来将要发生的动作或状态Hesaidthathe…thenextday.

Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.比较级形式形容副词名词后--er前加more名词比较用more表示两个人、物之间进行比较时than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e双写/辅＋y结尾－iergood/well—better

much/many—moreSheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.最高级形式形容副词名词后-est前加most名词比较用most大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较inthe＋比较范围ofthe具体的数字一般/去e双写/辅＋y结尾－iestbad/ill/badly-worstfar-farther-farthestSheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高级加the)动词不定式todo没有人称和数的变化作主语Toreadishelpfulforanybodynow.作宾语Hewantstobuyadictionary.作宾补IhearhimsingyesterdayTomtoldmetoopenit.作表语Hisjobistotakecareofchildren.作状语He’llgotoseeadoctortomorrow.作定语Hehasmuchhomework

todoeveryday.主从复合句状语从句句子作状语

（时间地点原因条件让步比较）HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。宾语从句句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.定语从句句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主动结构与被动结构主动语态：主语（人、物）+谓语+宾语动作执行者+及物动词+动作承受者被动语态：主语（人、物）+bePP+by宾语动作承受者+

be

PP+by动作执行者在被动语态中没有可以省to的不定式We

speak

English.主语

谓语

宾语English

isspoken

byus

宾改主

谓语动词be

PP

主by宾主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词bepp,时态随主、数随被

PP是及物动词的过去分词加ed或不规则详见表被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等)不规则动词时态变化表原形过去时完成时Be(am,is)wasbeenBe(are)werebeenBeginbeganbegunbecomebecamebecomebreakbrokebrokenbeatbeatbeatenblowblewblownbuyboughtboughtbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuildbuildburnburnburncomecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosendrivedrovedrivendrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdodiddoneeatateeatenfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltfightfightfightfindfoundfoundfallfellfallenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenflyflewflowngowentgonegetgotgotgivegavegivengrowgrewgrownhithithithurthurthurthanghanged/hunghanged/hunghearheardheardhavehadhadholdheldheldkeepkeepkeptknowknewknownlielaylainletletletleaveleftleftlearnLearnt/learnedLearnt/learnedlendlentlentloselostlostlaylaidlaidmakemademademeetmetmetmeanmeantmeantputputputpaypaidpaidreadreadreadrideroderiddenringrangrungrunranrunswimswamswumsingsangsungstealstolestolenspeakspokespokensitsatsatseesawseensellsoldsoldshowshowedshownsmellsmeltsmeltsaysaidsaidsendsentsentspendspentspentsleepsleptsleptstandstoodstoodsweep