GRE填空讲义 黄颀

-PAGE22-GRE填空串讲黄颀一、概述1、GRE简介北美研究生入学考试，形势、展望和对策2、考试题型简介填空、类比、阅读、反义3、学习方法和时间规划4、GRE填空基本认识4-1出题原则A公平→绝对不能涉及背景知识B重复→信息重现的提示存在逻辑相关4-2出题模式A题自身包含解题线索→答案的唯一性。B增加阅读难度→干扰答题速度和准确率。例1：年轻人是____。A充满活力的B年轻的C朝气蓬勃的D不老的E冲动的1、有同义重复，由已知推未知2、无同义重复，负负得正例2：秦始皇，中国历史上第一个皇帝，是一个____皇帝。A残暴的B伟大的C好色的D奢侈的E勤政的

例3：秦始皇，中国历史上第一个皇帝，是一个____皇帝；他旰食宵衣，每天批阅大臣上奏的关于政务的竹简令人难以置信的达到数百斤。A残暴的B伟大的C好色的D奢侈的E勤政的分号、冒号、破折号——同义重复二、填空题解题步骤第一步、读主干（主谓宾）||理关系第二步、找关键词/短语/语气第三步、选答案并适当理解全句验证与其说GRE填空是英语水平检测，倒不如说是以英语为载体的逻辑推理能力检测。☆☆☆☆☆ 主干大法：根据空格的位置在句中所做的成分来确定做题的步骤适用于80%以上的考题ⅰA→BA主语→谓语B宾语下划线在句中是主语，就把宾语填回来下划线在句中是宾语，就把主语填回来谓语动词：表示赞扬、支持的正评价或中性的陈述-主干大法一谓语动词：标出消除、抵制、对抗等，要取非之后填回来ⅱ（~）A→（~）B下划线在修饰主语的地方，从修饰宾语的地方填回来下划线在修饰宾语的地方，从修饰主语的地方填回来ⅲ（~）A（+/-）（~）B，because（~）A’（+/-）（~）B’因为A支持B，所以A’支持B’因为A反对B，所以A’反对B’ⅳ（~）A（-/+）（~）B，but（~）A’（+/-）（~）B’尽管A反对B，但是A’却支持B’尽管A支持B，但是A’却反对B’although1、Thedisjunctionbetweeneducationalobjectivesthatstressindependenceandindividualityandthosethatemphasizeobediencetorulesandcooperationwithothersreflectsa（宾语）thatarisesfromthevaluesonwhichtheseobjectivesarebased.Aconflict斗争Bredundancy冗余Cgain收获Dpredictability可预言Ewisdom智慧2、Scholars'senseoftheuniquenessofthecentralconceptof"thestate"atthetimewhenpoliticalsciencebecameanacademicfieldquitenaturallyledtostrivingforacorrespondinglymodeofstudy.一个动词之后跟另一个动词，不论是不定式或者ing形式，看做一个完整的谓语修饰宾语，看主语的修饰词；最关键的修饰语离修饰词最近；uniqueness:独一无二的Athorough彻底的Bdistinctive与众不同的，独一无二的Cdependable可靠的Dscientific科学的Edynamic动力的介词后面的东西不可能做主、谓、宾，一般不看，除非有线索表明介词后面的部分对同义或反义有影响第一空：opposition对立；beportrayedas被描绘成(对立)；B+D选项第二空：between…and…修饰宾语B，不看，从修饰A的成分寻找答案（原则2）；ofgoodandevil好和坏，善与恶；andtheerrant负评价；第二空答案应为正评价；de坏；bene；好4、TheresultsoftheexperimentsperformedbyElizabethHazenandRachelBrownwerenotonlybecausetheseresultschallengedoldassumptionsbutalsobecausetheycalledthemethodologyintoquestion.两个原因推出一个结果；第二个原因不完整，不看。第一空:挑战了旧的假设Aprovocative挑衅的，挑战的..prevailingBpredictable可以预言的..contemporaryCinconclusive没有决定的..traditionalDintriguing迷人的，吸引人的..projectedEspecious似是而非的..originalcallsth.intoquestion5、ThespellingsofmanyoldEnglishwordshavebeeninthelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.although表两边取非，反义重复；第4主干取非；change的反义词（原则4）Apreserved保存Bshortened缩短Cpreempted抢先占有Drevised修改Eimproved改善6、Yellowfever,thediseasethatkilled4,000philadelphiansin1793,andsoMemphis,Tennessee,thatthecitylostitscharter,hasreappearedafternearlytwodecadesinintheWesternHemisphere.第二空：原则2；主语后不是直接的谓语，是逗号-插入语-暂时不看-哪怕有空格，回来再看；hasreappeared谓语；afternearlytwodecadesin修饰谓语，进行限定，所以一定不矛盾，20年后重现，20年前有，只有20年之间没有才能20年后重现，所以应该填“没有”Aterrorized..contention争论Bravaged..secret秘密Cdisabled..quarantine检疫，隔离Dcorrupted贪污腐败..quiescence禁止Edecimated大屠杀，残杀..abeyance禁止不认识的单词，首字母缩略and:both…and…,between…and…要考虑为修饰语，不看;单个and出现，表示两边是并列而且是同义重复第一空：and后边应为动词，与kill相对应，同义重复。so…that…不用看，其实为修饰。chart特许状，特权7、Therearenosolitary,free-livingcreatures;everyformoflifeisotherforms.离不开其他生物Asegregatedfrom分离Bparallelto平行Cdependenton依赖Dovershadowedby遮蔽Emimickedby模仿注意事项：找最直接的选项，避免发散性思维8、Thenaturalbalancebetweenpreyandpredatorhasbeenincreasingly,mostfrequentlybyhumanintervention.increasingly：一般情况下，副词不需要读，但表示负评价、反对、少、低、明确的时间副词需要重点阅读AcelebratedBpredictedCobservedDdisturbedEquestioned先推哪一个空格都可以，怎么解题快速怎么来9、Partsofseventeenth-centuryChinesepleasuregardenswerenotnecessarilyintendedtolook;theyweredesignedexpresslytoevoketheagreeablemelancholyresultingfromasenseoftheofnaturalbeautyandhumanglory.分号：并列且同义重复；melancholy（黑胆汁-忧伤）一个动词之后跟着另一个动词，不论是ing还是不定式，只看离动作对象（名词）最近、最直接的动词；注：否定词保留分号左边，not，要构成同义重复，所以第一空应填“忧伤”反义词，负负得正Abeautiful美丽..immutability永恒Bcheerful高兴..transitoriness短暂的Ccolorful彩色..abstractness抽象的，摘要Dluxuriant奢华..simplicity简单Econventional传统习俗..wildness狂野AresultfromB=BleadtoA,because,原则3，两边重复，忧伤的sence三、逻辑关系剖析第一类同义重复1、并列关系：特征词：and,also,or,notonly…butalso…10、Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsinmentalillnesses,butpositsthatthesefactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsandsuchillnesses.notdeny负负得正，表支持；posit假定andsuchillnesses（名词，宾语），and后应为动词act-actasacatalyst作为催化剂起作用Adisguise伪装Bimpede阻碍Cconstrain抑制Dprecipitate促进Econsummate完成11、Fewofustakethepainstostudyourcherishedconvictions;indeed,wealmosthaveanaturaldoingso.few,little——没有，takethepainsto努力做某事fewstudy=不研究；同义重复；空格前没有取非，空格应为“不”，负评价，本能的反感厌恶优先选择感情色彩强烈的选项Aaptitudefor倾向Brepugnanceto反感，厌恶Cinterestin感兴趣Dignoranceof忽略Ereactionafter反应12、Kaganmaintainsthat（aninfant'sreactionstoitsfirststressfulexperiencesarepartofanaturalprocessofdevelopment）,notharbingersofchildhoodunhappinessorsignsofadolescentanxiety.遇到宾语从句，不关心主句的主干，只关心宾语从句的主干or否定句中替代and;harbinger=空格+signsAprophetic预言的Bnormal正常的Cmonotonous单调的Dvirtual事实的Etypical典型的2、因果关系特征词：because、inthat、for、therefore、thus、accordingly、consequently、given、thereby、dueto、hence、so…that、so…asto、if…then、asaresult、resultin、inthesensethat、cause、giveriseto、when…then、aslongas…so…that如此…以至于…so…asto不看so与as中间的部分，只看to后面的部分，只只看真正的动作13、Hewasregardedbyhisfollowers,assomethingof,notonlybecauseofhisinsistenceonstrictdiscipline,butalsobecauseofhisadherencetoformaldetails.坚持严格的纪律，固执的Aamartinet严格坚持纪律的人..rigid严格的Banauthority..sporadic权威Catyrant..reluctant暴君Dafraud..conscientious骗子Eanacolyte..maniacal侍僧，助手14、Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowertodominateallothers,theymustdependon.支配vs依赖AalliesBresourcesCfreedomDeducationEself-determination15、Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe.介词及其后成分不能做主、谓、宾第一空，对应“创新工作”，支持创新或反对；第二空，对应“艺术学府”，能或不能艺术；构成同义重复Adogmatists教条主义，反对创新..disenfranchised被剥夺权利的人（创新工作的人被剥夺权利），符合逻辑Bmanagers经理人..reactionariesCreformers改革者，支持创新..dissatisfied对现实不满意的人（现实：创新）（相当于教条主义者）-应被改革者完成，因此C选项不符合逻辑Dimposters骗子..academiciansEspecialists专家..elite3、目的、手段、结果关系特征词：inorderto、by、for、resultfrom、leadto…16、EdithWhartonsoughtinhermemoir[音标，来自法语词]topresentherselfashavingachievedaharmoniouswholenessbyhavingtheconflictingelementsofherlife.负评价、消除矛盾冲突对立元素=实现和谐Aaffirmed断定Bhighlighted强调Creconciled协调（感情色彩强烈）Dconfined局限，限制Eidentified识别17、Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerfulforadditionallearningsince,bytheparent,theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.第3主干第二空：获得额外信息bond-纽带Aimpulse..surpassing超越（不符逻辑）Breferent..recognizing认可，承认Cforce..acknowledging承认，致谢Dinspiration灵感..emulating通过模仿而努力赶超Echannel渠道..mimicking模仿18、Hefeltitwouldbe,inviewoftheintensethatwouldlikelyfollow,tomakethesacrificerequiredinordertogainsuchlittleadvantage.（宾语从句-12）第一空：负评价inviewof=intermsof=withregardto=because就…而言第二空：负评价Acharitable仁慈的..growthBwelcomed受欢迎的..prejudiceCfutile没用的..encouragement鼓励Dacademic学院的，学术的，学府的..acclaimEunrealistic不切实际的..turmoil骚乱，动乱4、递进关系特征词：even、indeed19、Intheseventeenthcentury,directfloutingofagenerallyacceptedsystemofvalueswasregardedas,evenasasignofmadness.与madness同义，但程度应减小，负评价Aadventurous冒险的，危险的（知难而进，正评价）dangerous-危险的，有严重后果Bfrivolous轻浮的Cwillful任性的Dimpermissible不被允许的Eirrational不理性的flout嘲笑，蔑视嘲笑=蔑视——负评价，例外：jape,banter，善意的嘲笑，正评价20、Despiteassortedeffusionstothecontrary,thereisnonecessarylinkbetweenscientificskillandhumanism,and,quitepossibly,theremaybesomethingofabetweenthem.fus-倾倒e-出来Despiteassortedeffusionstothecontrary尽管众说纷纭Agenerality一般性，普遍性Bfusion熔化，杂合Ccongruity一致Ddichotomy.一分为二，对立Ereciprocity互惠互利5、直接重复21、Thetechniquesnowavailabletolivestockbreederswillcontinuetobe,butwillprobablybebynewonesunderdevelopment.continue,remain.preserve:直接将前面的状态重复一下即可Afruitful丰富的..reversedBrefined精炼的..upgradedCinconvenient不方便的..reassessedDused可以用的..supplementedEharmless无害的..improved22、Theeradicationofpollutionisnotmerelyamatterof___,thoughthemajesticbeautyofnatureisindeedanimportantconsideration.although,though,despite:表转折Aeconomics经济学Blegislation立法Ccleanliness清洁Daesthetics美，美学Erestoration23、Comparativelyfewrockmusiciansarewillingtolaughatthemselves,althoughahintofcanboostsalesofvideoclipsverynicely.ahintof一点点，少量（抽象不可数）Aself-deprecation自我贬低BcongenialityCcynicism犬儒主义，嘲笑别人Dembarrassment窘迫Eself-doubt自我怀疑24、Melodramas,whichpresentedstarkoppositionsbetweeninnocenceandcriminality,virtueandcorruption,goodandevil,werepopularpreciselybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworldof.melodramas情景喜剧，情节剧starkoppositions截然对立两个空放在一起=一个大空，第3主干;they-A’audience-B’of修饰B’they-melodramasAbereft..theatricality失去戏剧性Bcomposed..adversity由逆境组成Cfull..circumstantiality充满细节Ddeprived..polarity被剥夺极性Edevoid..neutrality缺乏中立性（缺乏，负评价；中立性，对立的反义；负负得正）25、Famousamongjobseekersforits,thecompany,quiteapartfromgeneroussalaries,bestowedonitsexecutivesannualbonusesandsuchaslow-interesthomemortgagesandcompanycars.low-interesthomemortgagesandcompanycars低息房屋贷款，公司汽车法则：由已知推未知Amagnanimity..reparations赔偿修理Binventiveness创新性..benefits利益好处Clargesse慷慨..perquisites津贴Ddiscernment辨别识别..prerogatives特权Ealtruism..credits信任6、间接重复6-1、解释关系空格来自某个解释，通过解释知道空格答案26、TheMusesaredeities:theyavengethemselveswithoutmercyonthosewhowearyoftheircharms.avengesb.on(upon)sb./sth为了（某人）而向（某人某事）报仇切记：不要展开联想！Arueful后悔的Bingenuous真诚的Csolicitous关心的Dvindictive报仇的Edispassionate冷静的passion-激情27、Speakersandlistenersarcoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficultto,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto矛盾对立：insharpcontrastto;starkopposition;atoddsandthat(language)which(that)formulateunderstandAestimate评估，评价..confirm确定Btransmit传输.Defend辩护Cproduce生产，制造..comprehend理解Dsuppress镇压..ignore忽略Eremember记得，想起..forget忘记28、Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagerarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenprevents——填空中遇到adj.+n.:（1）n.表示概念、称谓时，重点看adj.（2）n.是adj.或v.的变形，或n.有具体的含义，有感情色彩，重点看n.rarely“没有”冒号后面：解释“冲突的低水平”-“容忍”导致“冲突的低水平”；prevent，负评价，“导致”的反义词，amodicumof-负负得正——“阻碍”“冲突的高水平”amodicumof=alittle少量，一点点（不可数n.）Ademur反对Bschism分裂Ccooperation合作Dcompliance遵从，顺从Eshortsightedness目光短浅29、Nineteenth-centuryscholars,byexaminingearliergeometricGreekart,foundthatclassicalGreekartwasnotamagicalorabrilliantblendingEgyptianandAssyrianart,butwasindependentlyevolvedbyGreeksinGreece.三位一体战术：（一个或一个以上）形容词+名词+补充修饰（定语或同位语）——看成一个整体，不可互相矛盾“年轻的年轻人”Astratagem策略..appropriation挪用、拨款Bexemplar模范..synthesis化学、合成Cconversion转变..annexation附加Dparadigm范例..construct构造Eapparition鬼怪、幽灵..amalgam混合物magical魔幻的-魔幻的sth.brilliant才华横溢的，精致的辉煌的+blending捆绑6-2、根据明显指示词来寻找线索Such、this、that、which、the（a…the…）30、LongdaleandSterndiscoveredthatmitochondriaandchloroplastsalong,identifiablesequenceofDNA;suchacoincidencecouldbeonlybythetransferofDNAbetweenthetwosystems.宾语从句;分号前后——同义重复；coincidence巧合Amanufacture生产、制造..accomplishedBreveal展现、揭露..repeatedCexhibit展览..determinedDshare共享..explainedEmaintain维持..contradicted31、Socialtensionsamongadultfactionscanbebypolitics,butadolescentsandchildrenhavenosuchforresolvingtheirconflictwiththeexclusiveworldofadults.but，取非；but+no，取同-resolving“解决”Aintensified增强、强化..attitudeBcomplicated使复杂化..reliefCfrustrated挫败..justificationDadjusted调整、调节..mechanism机制Erevealed显示、表明..opportunity介词后面，不看tension-conflit第2空-polutics第1空-resolving；上下义词的同义表达——（类比的种属关系=填空的同义表达）饭后吃苹果有益身体健康，这种水果有益身体健康32、TheproponentsofrecombinantDNAresearchhavedecidedtofederalregulationoftheirwork;theyhopethatbymakingthiscompromisetheycanforestallproposedstateandlocalcontrolsthatmightbeevenstiffer.Aprotest抗议（负评价词）Binstitute学院Cdeny否认Dencourage鼓励Edisregard忽略GRE中的正评价词、负评价词不完全等于英语语文中的褒义词、贬义词正评价词：A与B在同一层面，对于修饰对象起促进作用负评价词：A与B不在同一层面，对修饰对象起阻碍作用“臭名昭著”的难题-正评价A“管理”B-A、B不在同一层面，负评价词33、Lawsdonotensuresocialordersincelawscanalwaysbe,whichmakesthemunlesstheauthoritieshavethewillandthepowertodetectandpunishwrongdoing.since同义重复donotensure-负评价“不能确保社会秩序的”Acontested争论..provisional临时的Bcircumvented绕过..antiquated过时的Crepealed撤销..vulnerable脆弱的、易受伤害的Dviolated侵犯..ineffective无效的Emodified修改..unstable不稳定6-3、根据语法现象来推断根据语法现象来推断：三位一体战术（形容词修饰名词，后面有修饰）主干大法不能推敲-三位一体（前提：先主干，后细节）34、Inasocietythatworshipsefficiency,itisdifficultforasensitiveandidealisticpersontomakethekindsofdecisionsthatalonespellsuccessasitisdefinedbysuchasociety.asensitiveandidealisticperson很难做出“不敏感的，现实主义的”决定Abureaucratic官僚主义的..edifying陶冶性情Bpragmatic务实的..hardheaded顽固的、讲究实际的Crational理性的..well-intentioned良好意图的、善意的Dcompetitive竞争的..evenhanded公平公正的Emodern现代的..dysfunctional机能失调的35、Theself-importantcantofmusicologistsonrecordjacketsoftensuggeststhattrueappreciationofthemusicisanprocessclosedtotheuninitiatedlistener,howeverenthusiastic.self-important自己感觉自己很重要-妄自尊大cant=jargon行话Aunreliable不可靠的Barcane神秘难懂的Carrogant傲慢的、自大的Delementary基本的Eintuitive直觉的、本能的36、Thevaledictoryaddress,asithasdevelopedinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesovertheyears,hasbecomeaverystrictform,aliterarythatpermitsverylittle.address地址；演讲名词后跟逗号，插入语，不看并列的分句必须出现连词，否则是修饰语、同位语第1空“form”第2空“verystrict”Atext课文.clarityBwork.工作.traditionCgenre类型、流派..deviation偏差Doration演说..grandiloquenceEachievement成就..rigidity37、Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoanscientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.thatnowfunctionsautonomously独立自主地运作Aindependent独立的BunusualCoutmodedDuncontrolled不被控制的、不受控制的Einactive6-4、上下义词的重复上下义词的重复：水果（上）>苹果（下）1、优先寻找同义词或上义词2、同义词与上义词同时存在，优先同义词3、上下义同义词重复，往往以所有格形式出现概念+’s代词所有格“of”结构38、Remeltingoldmetalcansratherthanmakingprimaryaluminumfrombauxiteore(shippedfromoverseas)savesproducersmillionsofdollarsinandproductioncosts.making-productionAdistribution分配Bsalvage抢救Cstorage储藏Dprocurement获得、采办（上义词）Eresearch调查研究39、Heavilyperfumedwhiteflowers,suchasgardenias,werefavoriteswithcollectorsintheeighteenthcentury,whenwasvaluedmuchmorehighlythanitistoday.sth.befavorite(s)withsb.某人喜欢某物花香味的白色的Ascent香味的（同义）Bbeauty美Celegance优雅、典雅Dcolor彩色、颜色（上义）Evariety多样性40、Inanagewithoutradioorrecordings,anagebyprint,fictiongaineditsgreatestascendancy.anage不是主语，是第一个的同位语，递进解释byprint为修饰语并列分句间一定要有连词“小说获得长足发展”的“年代”Adecimated大屠杀、大批杀死Bdenigrated诽谤、贬低Cdominated支配、统治Demphasized强调Eresurrected复活41、Professionalphotographersgenerallyregardinadvertentsurrealisminaphotographasacurseratherthanablessing;magazinephotographers,inparticular,considerthemselvestotheextentthattheycanitspresenceintheirphotographs.consider-regardinadvertentsurrealism-it-its单数themselves-magazinephotographers-they-第2空，负评价第1空，正评价Askillful..enhance增强Binadequate不够的..eliminate消除Coriginal..demonstrate证明Dfortunate幸运的..minimize减少Econventional..highlight强调7、无明显同义重复题型的对策猜题大法：句子没有清晰的线索词操作方法：1、说什么找什么2、选项排除法，找答案的特殊性42、Amongthemanyoftheproject,expensecannotbenumbered;thegoalsoftheproject'spromoterscanbeachievedwithimpressive.第2空-“花费”cannot负评价+number中评价=负评价第1空-负评价Ahighlights..efficiency效率Bfeatures特征、特点..savings储存、节约Cdisadvantages..innovation革新Dclaims..speed速度Edefects过失、缺点..economy节俭、经济、节约不要用发散思维解题43、ThewithwhichtheFrencharistocracygreetedthemiddle-classRousseauwasallthemorebecauseheshowedsolittlerespectforthem.allthemore=very非常只看主谓宾，其他可放下little没有herespectthemgreetsbwith…用…态度来对待（问候）某人Adeference遵从、顺从..remarkable非凡的、引人瞩目的Bsuspicion怀疑、猜测..uncannyCreserve保存..unexpectedDanger愤怒..ironic讽刺的、挖苦的Eappreciation感激、欣赏、增值..deserved44、Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestillonland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomeaenterprise.hasyetto还没有(表取非)第2空-贵不贵，财富Ascarce..common普遍的，普通的Baccessible..marginal边缘的Cunidentified未经确认的..subsidized补助金Dconserved..public公共的Eplentiful大量的..profitable有利可图的45、Anylanguageisaconspiracyagainstexperienceinthesensethatitisacollectiveattempttoexperiencebyreducingitintodiscreteparcels.inthesensethat=because从这个意义上讲(同义重复)language取非experience填负评价词Aextrapolate推断Btranscribe抄写Ccomplicate使复杂化与byreducingitintodiscreteparcels构成取非（不矛盾原则）Damplify放大Emanage管理（负评价词）46、Itistothenovelist'screditthatalloftheepisodesinhernovelarepresentedrealistically,withoutanyorplayfulsupernaturaltrickstoone’scredit这要归功于episodes一系列中的一个片段补充修饰要保持一致Aelucidation解释、阐明Bdiscrimination区别、区分Cartlessness天真的、朴实的（这人的单纯、淳朴，并非孩子的天真，而是孩子般的天真）Dauthenticity可靠性、真实性Ewhimsy古怪的念头（近义词：caprice奇思怪想、变化无常、怪念头）trick花招、小伎俩、欺骗=conjure变魔术、变戏法，亦指花招、小伎俩intricate复杂的、错综的、复杂的extricate使解脱、救出第二类反义重复1、转折关系：特征词：albeit、notwithstanding、although、though、but、despite、eventhough、however、inspiteof、nevertheless、nonetheless、while、whatever、regardless、evenif、eventhough、yet……直接取非：找到关键词后加“not”,填入空格中，是一般转折题的解题方法程度取非：转折前后修饰同一主体，直接取非会造成句意矛盾，此时使用程度取非（区别）转折前后修饰同一主体，使用程度取非；转折前后修饰不同主体，使用直接取非褒贬取非：一般验证答案时使用，答案与已知线索词一个褒义、一个贬义，两者间无必然的逻辑取非或取同关系47、Althoughancienttoolswerepreserved,enoughhavesurvivedtoallowustodemonstrateanoccasionallyinterruptedbutgenerallyprogressthroughprehistory.preserve-survived程度取非Apartially部分的..noticeableBsuperficially浅薄的，轻浮的..necessaryCunwittingly漫不经心的、不经意的..documentedDrarely罕见的、几乎没有的、很少的..continualEneedlessly不必要的..incessant修饰同一主体-程度取非48、Thelaborunionandthecompany'smanagement,despitetheirlonghistoryofunfailinglyacerbicdisagreementonnearlyeveryissue,haveneverthelessreachedanunexpectedly,albeitstilltentative,agreementonnextyear'scontract.agreement-disagreement逻辑关系已构成，选正评价词褒贬取非Aswift迅速的（褒义）-褒贬取非Bonerous沉重的、麻烦的Chesitant犹豫的Dreluctant勉强的、不情愿的Econclusive最终的（与albeit后面的tentative构成直接取非，不能选）tentative临时的（贬义）49、Currentdatasuggestthat,althoughstatesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.宾语从句“相同的”Asimultaneous同时发生的（表示“同时出现”不是“相同的”）Bserious严肃的Cexceptional例外的Dpartial部分的、偏爱的Etransitional过渡的（两种状态不分彼此）50、Thepowersandsatisfactionsofprimevalpeople,thoughfewandmeager,weretheirfewandsimpledesires.“少”对“多”“够”Asimultaneouswith同时发生Bcommensuratewith相称Csubstantiatedby被证明Dcircumscribedby被限制Eruinedby被毁灭51、Atfirst,Ifoundhergravityratherintimidating;but,asIsawmoreofher,Ifoundthatwasverynearthesurface.分号表示同义重复but表示取非找“不严肃”Aseriousness严肃（汉语发散思维）Bconfidence信任Claughter笑容Dpoise平静Edetermination果断、决心2、直接对比关系特征词：Incontrast（to）、onthecontrary、farfrom、ontheotherhand、ratherthan、insteadof、not…but、more…than；more…than：只要看见more…than结构，都看成“前后取非”关系paradoxically矛盾地、ironically讽刺的、surprisingly惊讶地、unexpectedly、curiously；无论是以副词还是形容词形式出现，这些词往往是直接对比关系shiftfromAtoB、decayfromAtoB、reconcileAwithB、replaceAwithB、distinguishbetweenAandB…只要这些短语的A或B位置一边有空，一边没有，直接把没有空格部分取非填入空格处即可。这些短语标志A和B的位置是直接对比关系。52、Thechildren'snatureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.even-tempereddispositions老成持重Amercurial活泼的Bblithe高兴的Cphlegmatic冷静的Dintroverted性格内向的Eartless孩子般的天真53、ThetransitionfromthePaleolithictotheNeolithiceraisviewedbymostarthistoriansasa____,because,insteadofanincreasingly______pictorialart,wefinddegeneration.有些句子很长，不一定考位于前面的第一主干because，第三主干标志词insteadof直接对比Amilestone里程碑..debasedBconsolidation巩固..diverseCcalamity灾难..aberrant异常的、怪胎的、畸形的Dregression倒退..sophisticated老于世故的Econtinuation继续..improvedsophisticated：老于世故的（褒义词，之人在社交场合做事情得体，修饰物时表示精巧的辉煌的）sophisticatedtelescope尖端的望远镜54、Fromtheoutset,theconceptoffreedomoftheseasfromtheproprietaryclaimsofnationswaschallengedbyacontrarynotion-thatoftheoftheoceansforreasonsofnationalsecurityandprofit.找“不自由”fromtheoutset从一开始起Apromotion促进Bexploration探测Csurviving生存Dconservation保存Eenclosure围住、圈住、封闭住55、FarfromviewingJeffersonasaskepticalbutenlightenedintellectual,historiansofthe1960'sportrayedhimasthinker,eagertofilltheyoungwithhispoliticalorthodoxywhilecensoringideashedidnotlike.Farfrom表强烈对比skepticalbutenlightened：skeptical（怀疑的）与enlightened（开明的）共同修饰intellectual（有识之士），若将but理解为“但是”，那么在逻辑上是矛盾的。intellectual同时具有skeptical和enlightened的特点。此处but=and，之所以不用and，是因为but前后两词存在着褒贬取非的关系。阅读技巧：只要遇到转折，作者想强调的一定是转折后面的部分，enlightened。Aanadventurous冒险的Badoctrinaire教条主义Caneclectic这种主义Dajudicious明智而神圣的Eacynical愤世嫉俗的56、Paradoxically,England'scolonizationofNorthAmericawasbyitssuccess:theincreasingprosperityofthecoloniesdiminishedtheirdependenceupon,andhencetheirloyaltyto,theirhomecountry.by的两种考法：1、被动语态——如果没有paradoxically，空格中应该填一个正评价词。现在有了paradoxoically，因此空格中应填一个负评价词。Ademonstrated证明Bdetermined决定Caltered改变Dundermined破坏（感情色彩强烈）Edistinguished57、Ratherthanenhancingacountry'ssecurity,thesuccessfuldevelopmentofnuclearweaponscouldserveatfirsttoincreasethatcountry's.阅读技巧：动词不定式忽略不看，直接看不定式“to”后边动词；to前边有否定要保留。选“不安全”Aboldness勇气Binfluence影响力Cresponsibility责任DmoderationEvulnerability脆弱性，易受伤害性58、Itcomesasnosurprisethatsocietieshavecodesofbehavior;thecharacterofthecodes,ontheotherhand,canoftenbe.Apredictable可以预言的Bunexpected想不到的Cadmirable值得赞美的Dexplicit外在的，清楚的Econfusing迷惑的，混淆的59、Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdoandthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.distinguish:区别，区分becarefullycontrivedforeffect:处心积虑，仔细思考Aformally正式的Bpublicly公然的Cprolifically丰富的Dspontaneously自发的Ewillfully任性的60、Althoughscientistsclaimthattheseeminglylanguageoftheirreportsismoreprecisethanthefigurativelanguageoffiction,thelanguageofscience,likealllanguage,isinherently.seem,seemingly一律当做is看待副词表修饰，不看；表时间概念和否定概念的副词需要重点看morethan：不关心比较的程度和类别precise，只需知道比较对象之间是取非关系。第1空选“非比喻性的”。alllanguage是languageoffiction的上义词，第2空填“figurative”（Although）Aornamental装饰性的..subtleBunidimensional一维的，线性的..unintelligibleCsymbolic象征性的..complexDliteral如实的，刻板的，逐字逐句的..allusive暗示的Esubjective主观的，个人的..metaphorical61、Since1813reactiontoJaneAusten'snovelshasoscillatedbetweenandcondescension;butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherliterarycondescension:轻慢Adismissal解雇，解散，消除..admirersBadoration热爱崇拜..contemporaries同时代的人Cdisapproval不赞成，不赞同..readersprov-赞成，诚实probDindifference不关心，消极冷淡..followersEapprobation认可称赞..precursors先驱者62、Recentresearchindicatesthatasystemofparticleswhichhasapparentlydecayedtorandomnessfromstatecanbereturnedtothatstate;thusthesystemexhibitsakindofmemoryofitscondition.decayedfromto：从A状态衰变到B状态，表示A、B状态取非“非随机状态”Aanequilibrium平衡..lesserBanordered有秩序的，有序的，随机的..earlier以前的Canunusual不寻常的..settledDachaotic紊乱的..lastEahigher更高的..present63、Socialscientistshaveestablishedfairlyclear-cutthatdescribetheappropriatebehaviorofchildrenandadults,butthereseemstobeaboutwhatconstitutesappropriatebehaviorforadolescents.Afunctions..rigidity僵化Bestimates..indirectness间接Cnorms标志..confusion混淆Dregulations..certainty确定Estudies学习..misapprehension误解thereseemstobeconfusionabout…众说纷纭64、WhereastheartcriticVasarisawthepaintingentitledtheMonaLisaasanoriginalandwonderfulfeat,thereproductionofanaturalobject,theaesthetessawitasthatrequireddeciphering.（难题）主干大法推不出，改用“细节大法”（三位一体法）requireddeciphering“需要破译”Acollaborative..anaberration私藏，匿藏Bhistorical..asymbol符号Ctechnical..ahieroglyph象形文字Dmechanical..animitation模仿Evisual..anillusion幻觉65、TheparadoxicalaspectofthemythsaboutDemeter,whenweconsiderthepredominantimageofherasatranquilandserenegoddess,ishersearchforherdaughter.“不宁静安详”Aextended广大的，延伸的Bagitated激动的，焦虑的Ccomprehensive综合的，广泛的Dmotiveless无目的的Eheartless.无精打采的3、时间对比关系16字方针：1、时间相反一切相反——同一件事情在两个时间点被谈到，则两个状态一定是相反的2、总是后者否定前者——时间相反的二者，往往后者否定前者三中表现形式：现在否定过去、将来否定现在、更远的将来否定较近的将来（难题）特征词：before、once、until、previous、current、recently、early、now、today、later、future、initially、formerly、pristine、after、nolonger……66、Industrialistsseizedeconomicpoweronlyafterindustryhadagricultureasthepreeminentformofproduction;previouslysuchpowerhadlandownership.Asabotaged蓄意，破坏..threatened威胁Bovertaken超越..produced产生Ctoppled推翻，颠覆..culminatedin攀登高峰Djoined加入..reliedonEsupplanted替代..residedin居住于，归属于67、AdamSmith'sWealthofNations(1776)isstillworthreading,moretoappreciatethecurrentofSmith'svalidcontributionstoeconomicsthantoseethosecontributionsastheofpresent-dayeconomics.more..than…表强对比，找对比双方第2空“非当前”Adisregard..outgrowths产品，产物Breaffirmation..concerns关心关注Crelevance..precursors先驱者Dacceptance..byproducts副产品Eimportance..vestiges遗迹68、Createdtoserveasperfectlyaspossibletheirworkaday,thewoodenstorageboxesmadeinAmerica'sShakercommunitiesarenowfortheirbeauty.过去-“非美”第1空Aenvironment环境..acceptedBowners所有人..employedCfunction功能..valuedDreality真实..transformedEimage图像..seen69、Salazar'spresenceinthegroupwasso_____theothersthattheylostmostoftheirearlier______;failure,forthem,becameallbutunthinkable.Areassuringto..trepidationBunnoticedby..curiosityCunusualto..harmonyDendearingto..confidenceEunexpectedby..exhilaration70、Theidealizedpaintingsofnatureproducedintheeighteenthcenturyareevidencethatthemedievalnaturalsettingshadbeenandthattheoutdoorsnowcouldbeenjoyedwithouttrepidation.Afearof..exorcisedBconcernsabout..regainedCaffectionfor..surmountedDdisinterestin..alleviatedEenthusiasmfor..confronted71、Havingfullyembracedthebeliefthatgovernmentbypersuasionispreferabletogovernmentby,theleadersofthemovementhaverecentlymostoftheirpreviousstatementssupportingtotalitarianism.Aintimidation..issuedBparticipation..moderatedCproclamation..codifiedDdemonstration..deli