Henry-Fielding-亨利·菲尔丁解析

HenryFielding(1707-1754)HenryFielding:anoverviewFielding’sMasterpieceThestoryofTheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundlingTomJones,hischaracter11/16/20231LifeExperience

Drama-theatre-newspaper-law-novelNovelsJosephAndrews(1742))《约瑟夫安德鲁斯》JonathanWildtheGreat(1743)《大伟人乔纳森维尔德》TomJones(1749)《汤姆琼斯》Amelia(1751)《阿米莉亚》PlaysTheWelshOpera(1731)《威尔斯歌剧》DonQuixoteinEngland(1734)《堂吉诃德在英国》Pasqin(1736)《巴斯昆》TheHistoricalRegisterfortheYear(1732）《一七三六历史记事》11/16/20232HenryFielding:anoverviewthegreatestnovelistintheeighteenthcenturythegreatestnovelistoftheeighteenthcenturythefatheroftheEnglishrealisticnovel11/16/20233FieldingasaPlaywrightFielding’sdramatictheoryandpracticewereinconformitywiththetheoryof“areturntonature”andtheprinciplethatthestageshouldbe“aschoolofmorality”intheEnlightenmentperiod.11/16/20234Analysissome40charactersTomJonesgood-naturedfrankandopenkind,disinterested(无私的)imprudence(轻率的)Blifilvillain,selfish,malicious,

hypocriticalSophiaideal,goodqualities,gaiety(快乐),candour(坦率),brave,courageWesternbarbarian(残暴的人)autocrat(专横的人)PartridgeJack-of-all-tradessimple,faithfulgood-natured,alittlewhimsical

(想入非非的)BridgetMr.Allworthy11/16/20235ThestoryofTomJonesThenoveltellsthestoryofanillegitimatechild,rearedbysquireMr.Allworthy,wholivesonhisestatetogetherwithhissisterMissBridget,aprudishspinster.Once,arrivinghomefromatriptoLondon,Mr.Allworthyissurprisedtofindababyinhisbedroom.HeadoptsthefoundlingandnameshimTom.ShortlyafterwardsMissBridgetgetsmarriedtoacertainCaptainBlifil,andgivesbirthtoaboy.YoungBlifil’sparentsdieandtheorphanisleftinthecareofMr.AllworthywhobringshimuptogetherwithTom.11/16/20236ThestoryofTomJonesTomhasgrownuptobeajolly,open-heartedandhandsomeyoungman.Hegetsinvolvedinseveralfleetingloveaffairs.Buthislight-heartednessgiveswaytoseriouslovewhenhemeetsSophia,thedaughterofaneighboringSquireWestern.YoungBlifil,contrarytoTom,isslyandfaithless.Havinganeyetohisuncle’smoney,hebearsasecrethatredofTom,fearinglestthelegacyshouldfallintohishands.HeblackensTominMr.Allworthy’seyes.DeceivedbyBlifil’sbackbiting,Mr.AllworthybanishesTomfromhishome.11/16/20237ThestoryofTomJonesSophia’sfather,SquireWestern,infuriateduponlearningofhisdaughter’sattachmenttothefoundling,threatenstomarryheroffbyforcetotherichheir,youngBlifil.ThenthesceneisshiftedtoLondon,whereallthemaincharactersarethrowntogether,eachinpursuitofhisowninterests:SophiafleestothecapitalfearingtheveryideaofmarriagetohatefulBlifil;SquireWesternfollowshisdaughter;11/16/20238ThestoryofTomJonesyoungBlifil,accompaniedbyhisuncle,isthereinsearchofSophia;TomtakeshiswaytoLondon,accompaniedbytheschoolmasterPartridge,asimple,lovableman.TomandSophiatravelindependently,ignorantofeachother’splans.Theirjourneyisfilledwithmanyexcitingincidents.Tom’simprudenceleadshimintovariousloveaffairsandadventures,someofwhichendangerhisverylife.11/16/20239ThestoryofTomJonesBlifil,intentonruininghisrival,sparesnopainstosecureaconvictionforTom,whoissupposedtohavekilledamaninself-defense.However,Blifil’sintriguesarelaidbare,andtheangryMr.Allworthyexpelshim.AtthesametimetheoldgentlemanlearnsfromhisattorneyofaletteraddressedtohimbyhissisterBridgetonherdeath-bed.IthasbeenmaliciouslywithheldbyBlifil,asitcontainsherconfessionthatTomJonesisherillegitimateson.11/16/202310ThestoryofTomJonesMr.Allworthy,rejoicedatthisnews,reconcileswithTom,andmakeshimhisheir.SophiaforgivesTomhisyouthfulmistakesandsquireWesternconsentstoSophia’smarriagetoTom.Allendshappily.11/16/202311ThemesA.Thestoriesisabouthumannature.Fieldingsawbothsidesofhumannature:thegoodandthebad.Itishumannaturetoerr.Andamanwhoerrsmayreformandberedeemedsolongashehasagoodheart,whilethosewhoarewickedbynaturearebeyondredemption.B.Thestorygivesapanoramicviewofthe18thcenturyEnglishlifewithscoresofdifferentplacesandawholegalleryofcharacters.Fieldingattackedsocialinjustice,hypocrisy,viceandcorruptioninthegovernmentanddefendedtherightsanddignityofthepoorandtheunfortunate.11/16/202312ThefeaturesofthebooksA.Structure:a.Thebookfollowstheformof“comicepicinprose”.Itiswell-balancedandcarefullyplanned.(inthecountry-ontheroad-inLondon).Thestoryabsorbsthefeaturesoffamilynovel(Richardson),novelofincidents(Defoe)andpicaresquenovel(Swift).11/16/202313Novelsofincidentsmainlyrevealstheactionofthecharactersorevents,notthecharacters.Theplotsareloosebutflowing.Thenovelfocusesonthefunnyandadventurousevents.PicaresquenovelemergedinSpainin16thcentury.Thetypicalstoryconcernstheescapades（胡作非为）ofasocialoutcastwholivesbywitsandshowsalongsuccessionofhisadventures.Picaresquefictionisrealisticinmanner,episodicinstructure(thatis,composedofasequenceofevents),andoftensatiricinaim.11/16/202314Characterization40charactersAllthecharactersaretruetolife.Tom：upright,frank,kind-hearted,sometimesbeveryrashandcommitratherseriouserrors,particularlyinhisrelationswithwomen,yetwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandnevertriestoharmanyoneforhisownbenefit.Blifil:pretendstobeextremelymoralandselfless,butactuallybealwaysthinksuptricksandimposesthemontheotherpeople.11/16/202315Sophia:withsufficientcourageandindependencetodefythebadworld.Hercharacterandbehaviorwereratheradvancedforhertime,whenthecompulsorymarriagewasuniversallyprevailing.PartridgeisaJack-of-trades.Heisasimple,good-naturedbutalittlewhimsicalfellow,andaveryfaithfulcompaniontoTom.Thewaysofcharacterization:c