构词法及猜词

welcometoourclass囧如果这只毛茸茸的狗被大雨淋了，会是什么模样呢

？囧?呜……好囧啊！Ifyoucomeacrosssomewordsyoudon’tknowwhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?Guessthemeaning2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。猜测词义读懂文章---------高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）猜测词义题目类型对考纲外生词的猜测ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched对句义的猜测

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto_______.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......

4.Theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_______.语境法Contextclues猜测词意怎么猜？构词法Wordformation

WordFormation(构词法)：派生法:supermarket合成

法:salesgirl转化法:“walk”thedog有什么启发？中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)派生法supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)

(05重庆卷)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.

impassable:不能通行的It’struethatlighthouse（灯塔）werebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.out-of-the-way：

偏僻的

合成法

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheypicturemodernlife?

picture：

想象，描绘转化

法猜测词义：语境法?Logicalrelations

（逻辑关系）No.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjects（物体、物件）

iscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

木匠

动物学家语境法猜测词义1.定义描述

定义或释义关系通常表现为定语从句，同位语，由becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway等词汇或破折号引出的具体解释性的话。小结试试看：◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Lastweek,Iworkontheday.ButthisweekIamonthenightshift

---frommidnightto8a.m.

牧人夜班No.2

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.肥胖的，丰满的Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.节约的语境法猜测词义2.同义反义

表同义关系的词：and，or，like,as…as,thesameas表转折关系的词：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，onthecontrary。小结试试看(05广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown（吞）Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developedNo.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.精明的

修剪语境法猜测词义3.因果关系

常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小结(06陕西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsotheywillnolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering试试看No.4

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽语境法猜测词义4.举例归纳

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。小结Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveoven(微波炉)etc.家电试试看ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.通晓多种语言的No.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious(失去知觉）,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

麻药语境法猜测词义5.生活常识

小结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。试试看Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

波纹（05福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout

TheashesoftheGreatWallarefallingdown.

IthinktheGreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman.Insomeplacesitisstillstanding,butreallynotfirmenough.Unlessthereissomegoodmedicine,mostofitwon’tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears.Ifpeopledon’ttakemedicine,theGreatWallwillfalldown.B.TheGreatWallislikean80year-oldman,whoneedsmedicalcare.C.WemusttakesomemeasurestoprotecttheGreatWall,ormostoftheGreatWallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsD.TheGreatWallisfallingdown,anditwilldisappearinthefuture.No.6语境法猜测词义6.上下推断

小结所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched语境法Contextclues怎么猜?summary构词法Wordformation

WordFormation(构词法)派生法合成

法转化法语境法猜Homework1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.Finishadditionalexercises

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Enjoyreading!Bye-bye!Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活动(1)1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

小试身手3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.购买D.参观

4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者

6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的

8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奋的B.愚蠢的C.聪明的D.情报10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活动(2)Passage1Tensofthousandsofbabypenguins(企鹅)facestarvation（饥饿）

aftertwogianticebergs（冰山）

brokeofftheAntarcticicesheet（南极冰川）

andblocked（阻塞）

theirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.Adelineandemperorpenguinsnesting（筑巢）

ontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreeding（繁殖）

season.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen（部落成员）.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolution（革命）hewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposed（反对）

thisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughed（犁）thecanefields（甘蔗田）.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhe