四级听力教案

四级听力I.教学目标:帮助学生通过四级考试II. 教学方法方法技巧,实战训练III 四级听力考试说明:听力理解局部分值比例为35%:其中听力对话15%,听力短文20%.听力对话局部包括短对话和长对话的理解;听力短文局部包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写.与原来的四级相比听力的分值由20%上升到现在的35%，题型也丰富为小对话、长对话、短文章、复合式听写4种。听力考查将分为3个局部：第一局部由8个小对话和2个长对话组成，每个长对话之后会有3到4道题；第二局部是3篇小文章；第三局部为复合式听写。IV具体方法分析:(1)短对话类题型分析有关身份，关系，职业身份职业题是四级听力的常考题型，它本质上与地点题中给出的表示地点的“特色词〞这类题型相同，要注意判断对话所处的场景就可以判断出说话人的身份职业。常见提问方式Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?Whatistheman/woman?Whatistheman’sjob/occupation?Whatdoestheman/womando?Whatkindofjobdoestheman/womanhave?Whatmostlikelyistheman/woman?Whoistheman/womanmostlikelyspeakingto?相关的提示语1.airportstaffandcustomofficersAirlines〔航空公司〕,aircraft〔飞机，航空班〕,airport〔飞机场〕,arriveatGate2,anaisle〔走道〕seat,boardingtheplane〔上飞机〕(boardwithsomeone在某人家寄宿),boardingcard〔登机证〕,baggageclaimtag〔标签〕,departfrom〔离开〕,flight,land,makeanreservation〔预订〕,seatbelt〔平安带〕,takeoff〔起飞〕,timetable〔时间表〕,windowseat〔窗座〕,etc.MayIhavealookatyourpassport〔护照〕,sir/madam?Hereistheticket.Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare〔宣布，宣告〕,sir/madam?2.bankclerks〔职员〕andcustomers〔顾客〕《custom习俗，习惯》Account账户《onnoaccount决不，ofgreataccount很重要》,bankaccount银行账户,banknote钞票，纸币,balance,cash,cashacheck,checkingaccount,deposit定金，存储,draw取出存款,exchange…into…,exchangerate,fillinaform填表,interest利润,interestrate利率,putin提交,openanaccount开户,savings储金,withdraw提取,ect.I’dliketoputin/deposit/withdraw…Iwanttocash兑现thischeck.IwanttochangesomeUSdollarsintoRMB.3.doctors,nursesandpatientsambulance,advice,advise,ache,bloodpressure,bacteria,bruise,burn,coldcough,chill,check-up,cramp,dentist,dental,doctor,disease,dizzy,emergencyroom,examination,flu,fever,feelsick,faint,generalward,infection,injection,in-patientdepartment,insomnia,itch,isolationward,prescription,sorethroat,stomachache,treat,ward,X-rays,etc.What’swrongwithyou?What’sthetroublewithyou?What’sup?MayIhavealookatyour…?Iwillhaveyourtemperaturetaken.You’dbetterhaveaphysicalcheck-up.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.4.librariansassistant,authorcatalogue,alphabeticalorder,bedue,borrow,book,bookshelf,cardcatalogue,callnumber,circulation,copy,due,fine,indicator,index,latestissue,latestedition,overdue,order,payfines,referencebook,return,renew,subject,up-to-dateinformation,etc.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?MayIborrow…?HowlongcanIkeepit?Youhavetorenewit.Youhavetopayafinefor…5.postofficeclerksanimal,cable,call,collectcall,deliver,dial,envelope,extension,expressmail,fillinforms,installaphone,longdistancecall,mail,mailman,mailservice,post,postage,postman,postoffice,postcode,parcel,package,registeredmail,regularmail,service,stamp,specialdelivery,surfacemail,telephone,telegram,telegraph,yellowpage,zipcode,ect.I’dliketosendaletterto…Whatkindofmail?Howlongdoesittake?Haveyougotthestamps?Excuseme,wherecanIbuytheenvelopes?6.customersandwaitersalcohol,appetite,appetizer,bill,bar,beef,beef,beverage,brandy,bread,cake,cafeteria,chocolatecake,coffee,Coke,course,dessert,goDutch,hamburger,hotdog,hotdrink,juice,jam,maindish,makereservation,maincourse,menu,order,paythebill,pie,pizza,prefer,sandwich,softdrink,steak,sugar,tea,taste,treat,toast,tip,table,wine,whisky,etc.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourgroup?I’dliketositbythewindow.Areyoureadytoorder,sir?MayItakeyourorder,sir?Whatwouldyourecommend?Whatisyourspecialty?Waiter,bringmethebill.policemenandpolicewomendriving,drivinglicense,fine,givesomeoneaticket,speeding,trafficlights,etc.Excuseme,thespeedlimithereis…Youareexceedingthespeedlimit.Youcanpaythefineorreporttothepolicestation.7.studentsandteachersacademic,academicyear,academy,achievement,activity,arts,assignment,bachelor’sdegree,belatefor,canteen,clinic,cafe,campus,credit,club,coffeebar,course,compulsorycourse,computerroom,dictation,deadline,degree,dormitory,essay,exam,examination,experiment,expense,enroll,fail,fee,freshman,graduate,gymnasium,homework,junior,liberalarts,lecture,lecturer,lodging,master’sdegree,optionalcourse,paper,pass,presentation,professor,professionalOpenyourbooksandturntopage…Today’sassignmentis…Sorry,sir,Iforgottotakemyhomework.Themid-termexamismoredifficultthanIexpected.8.customersandshop-assistantsbargain,buy,book,dictionary,discount,edition,magazine,paperback,periodical,regularprice,order,onsale,out-of-print,capsule,dose,digestive,mixture,pill,prescription,powder,sleepingpill,assistant,bargain,buy,case,charge,children’swear,cheap,color,cost,customer,discount,dress,expensive,fashionable,fit,forsale,jeans,outofdate,price,size,sweat,shirt,skirt,etc.WhatcanIdoforyou?CanIhelpyou?Whatsizeareyouin?Whatcolordoyoulike?Howaboutthisone?Youcanpayatthecashier’s.Pleaseshowme…I’dliketohavealookat…Howmuchisit?Doyouhaveabiggerone?I’dliketochangeittoasmallerone.MayItryiton?Hereisthemoney.9.hotelreceptionistbreakfast,bathroom,bookaroom,checkin,checkout,cafe,doubleroom,frontdesk,guest,informationdesk,makeareservation,porter,reception,reserve,register,singleroom,service,serve,starhotel,suit,etc.Welcometoourhotel.Wouldyoufillintheform,please?What’syourname,sir?MayIhavealookatyourpassport,sir?Whatkindofroomdoyoulike?Howmuchisasingleroompernight?Hereisyourkey.Yourroomnumberis…Youcameherethreedaysago,isthatright?出现时间与题号准确答案关键词汇1991年6月第3题DoctorandpatientStomach/examine1994年1月第7题PassengerandairhostessTakeoff1995年6月第3题CustomerandrepairmanFixmywatch1997年6月第4题neighborsBorrowyourladderandthanks2003年1月第3题MotherandsonYouforgetyourpromise由于整体难度较低,所以数量少,而且出现的几率也在下降.有关地点,场所,背景一般分为三种情况：1〕在对话中提到好几个地方，然后就其中一个地方提问2〕对话中出现的地点不是题目要考的地点，做这一类题目不仅要注意对话中出场的地点，还要在脑海中勾勒出对话的场景，这样不管是问题问对话中的地点还是问对话发生在什么地方，就都可以有把握可以做对了3〕对话中没有提到任何地点，只有一些说明地点“特色词〞，需要根据这些词判断出地点。相关的提示语1.airportairlines,airways,aircraft,airportannouncement,arrivaltime,departuretime,flight,non-smokingsection,passenger,passengerload,passengercabin,reserveaticket,takeoff,ticket,timetable,etc.2.bankaccount,banknote,bankclerk,balance,bankreport,cash,cashacheck,deposit,draw,exchange…into…,exchangerate,fixeddeposit,fillinaform,interest,interestrate,putin,openanaccount,savings,savingsaccount,withdraw,etc.3.courtaccuseof,accused,case,chargewith,counselor,crime,criminal,defend,defendant,evidence,jury,judge,question,sentence,serve,trial,witness,etc.4.garageaflattire,battery,brake,emergencybrake,fill,fillupthetank,fuel,gas,gasoline,gallonsofsuper,greasethecar,petrol,petroleum,regular,refill,steeringwheel,super,tank,windscreen,etc.5.hotelbreakfast,bathroom,bookaroom,checkin,checkout,cafe,doubleroom,frontdesk,guest,informationdesk,laundry,makeareservation,porter,reception,reserve,register,singleroom,service,serve,starhotel,suit,vacant,etc.6.shopbookshopbargain,buy,book,bookshelf,dictionary,discount,edition,magazine,paperback,periodical,regularprice,orderonsale,out-of-print,oldedition,etc.7.drugshopantibiotic,aspirin,capsule,dose,digestive,mixture,pill,pharmacy,prescription,powder,sleepingpill,etc.8.fashionshopassistant,bargain,buy,case,change,children’swear,cheep,color,cost,customer,dear,discount,dress,expensive,fashion,fashionable,fit,forsale,jeans,outofdate,size,sweat,shirt,suit,tip,tag,try,etc.9.shoeshopassistant,bargain,buy,case,change,children’sshoes,cheap,color,cost,customer,dear,expensive,discount,fit,forsale,high-heel,leather,platform,price,size,slipper,shoe,tip,tag,try,etc.10.stationbusstationbus,conductor,come,driver,destination,geton,getoff,late,ontime,intime,roadsign,terminal,ticket,wait,etc.11.railwaystationannouncement,carriage,driver,expresstrain,fasttrain,highspeed,late,ontime,passenger,passengerload,pullout,pullin,platform,schedule,sleepingcar,timetable,etc.出现时间与题号准确答案关键词汇1993年6月第6题Grocery’sAbottleofmilkandaloafofbread1996年1月第1题AthisofficeGiveyouhisofficenumber1997年1月第3题InthehotelRoomservice1998年6月第10题OnthetrainWhenyougobytrain2001年1月第2题InagalleryOilpainting2002年6月第9题Atanewspaperofficeadvertising2003年6月第1题AtarestaurantEatoutside2003年9月第3题AtabookstoreOutofprint2004年1月第4题Atanairportgate2005年12月第6题AtabookstoreOutofstock2006年6月第15题restaurantSteak,order有关生活，活动，交际常见提问方式Whatdidtheman/womando?Whatwilltheman/womanmostprobablydo?Whataretheygoingtodonext?Whatistheman/womandoing?Whathastheman/womanbeendoing?Whatdoestheman/womansayhe/sheisgoingtodo?Whatdoesthemanlikeordisliketodo?Whatdowelearnabouttheman/woman?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation?Whataretheytalkingabout?有关时间，价格，数量数量价格类的题目必须将听到的数字做简单的记录,而且听到的数字多数情况之下不是准确答案.时间类的考题分为时间细节题和时间运算类.1〕数的读法：236，1200，2，425，9122〕日期年代的读法1949年10月1日，119A.D，1960’S，21C每天〔daily〕，每周(weekly)，每月(monthly)，每季(quarterly)，每年(yearly)3)“每几…〞用every开头；“每隔…〞用everyother开头4〕与价格有关的数字表达A)美元单位：元dollar角dime分cent5美分nickel,25美分quarterB〕商品打折读法：7折：ata70%discount或30%off5)倍数以及分数两倍：twice三倍:threetimes增加两倍：double增加三倍:triple½ahalf/oneandahalf6)与数字有关的常用表达一对：couple一打：dozen天天：eachday/daybyday/fromdaytoday两周：fortnight几天前：afewdaysago/theotherdays7)其他：A〕注意“十几〞和“几十”B〕根据内容做简单的加减乘除运算，记下数字心算即可常见提问方式Whattimeisnow?Whattimedoesitbegin?Whendoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?Howoftendoestheman/woman...?Whendoesthetrain/planeleavefor...?Whendidthemeetingstart?Howlongdoesittaketo...?Howmanyminuteswastheman/womanlatefor?Howmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Howmuchdoestheman/womanhavetopayforthe...?Howmuchdoesthemanowethewoman?Howmanycourses/lessonsdoestheman/womantake?相关的提示语time9o’clock.9sharp,9thirty,aquarterto9,aquarterpast9,schedule,dueto,onceaweek,thedayaftertomorrow,date,next,thedaybeforeyesterday,theprevious,etc.priceYuan,RMB,dollars,howmuch,cheap,expensive,dear,toomuch,cost,price,bargain,discount,cutdown,etc.quantityhowmuch,asmanyas...,morethan,nomorethan,only,double,dozen,etc.有关前因，后果，逻辑常见提问方式Whydidtheman/woman...?Whycan’ttheman/woman...?Whywastheman/woman...?Whatcausedtheman/womanto...?Whatmadetheman/woman...?Whatdowelearnabouttheman/woman?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?相关的提示语reasonbecause,as,since,for,becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto,asaresultof,resultfrom,by,from,cause,factor,nowthat,inthat,etc.resultso,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,that,so...that...,sothat,cause,leadto,attribute,contributeto,giveriseto,beresponsibleto,resultin,asaresult,onaccountfor,etc.有关讲话人意见，建议，态度这类题目在听力考试中是比拟简单的题目，因为英语在“建议〞，“请求〞和“提议〞方面一般有固定的表达方式，而且答复的方式也很简单，要么“接受〞，“同意〞，要么“拒绝〞。下面是一些句型供大家参考：1〕表示建议的句型：Youmightaswell…IfIwereyou,…Maybeyoushould…Shallwe…?Perhapsweshould…Whynot…?Let’s…Whydon’tyou/we…?You’dbetter…You’vegotto…You’llhaveto…2)表示请求的句型Iwonderif…?Couldyoudomeafavor…Wouldyoumind…?Would(Will)youplease…?Could(Can)you…?Howabout…?3)表示提议的句型ShallI…?CanI…?Wouldyoulike…?Doyouwantmeto…?Howabout…?eg.Howaboutsendingthisletterforme?(请求)Howaboutlettingmecarryyourluggage?〔提议〕表示接受，同意的句型Thankyou.I’dlike(love)to,tanks.OK,please.It’sveryniceofyoudoingso.表示拒绝的句型No,it’sallright.I’dbegrateful,but…Sorry,Ican’t.No,Idon’tthinkitnecessary.常见提问方式Howdidtheman/womanrespondtothe...?Whatdoestheman/womanthinkof...?Whatdoestheman/womansayabout...?Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Whatdoestheman/womansuggest?Whatdoestheman/womantell...todo?Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeconductedfromtheconversation?相关的提示语impossible,hardly,seldom,can’tagreemore,unusually,notnecessarily,noneedto,besure,becertain,notatall,outofthequestionIthinkIamafraid...AsIseeit,...Youcan...Youmightaswell...Shallwe...?Whybother...?Howabout...?Whynot...?有关语法工程常见提问方式Whathappenedtotheman/woman?What’stheman’s/woman’sproblem?What’swrongwiththeman/woman?Whatwilltheman/womanmostprobablydo?Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatdoestheman/womansayabout?Whatdoesman/womansayabout?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheconversation?(2)长对话题型分析有关工作，运动，生活有关工作，运动和生活的对话理解是听力对话中常见的题型。这些场景常常涉及租房，应聘，同学聚会，家庭旅游等。这种题型要求同学们从各个问题间的内在联系提炼出中心思想,排除错误选项,根据对话的开展预测和选出正确的选项.常见提问方式whatdoestheman/womanwanttodo?whatkindofjobs/sportsdoesthemanprefer?when/wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?whoarethetwospeakers?相关提示语workaccept,arrange,boring,complain,experience,important,interview,interestingjob,manager,offer,office,promote,resume,etc.applicationform,applyfor,bethroughwith,businesstrip,extrahours,gainsandlosses,giveimpression,letterapplication,makeadecision,maketheeffort,outofwork,staylate,thenextitem,typeletters,workovertime,etc.sportbasketball,beat,boating,boxing,cancel,exercise,football,game,good,partner,postpone,racing,skating,skiing,sport,swimming,tennis,volleyball,walk,win,etc.Ping-Pong,tennis,sportsequipment,etc.lifeappetizing,apartment,available,balcony,bath,book,bread,cheap,coffee,delicious,dinner,dirty,egg,expensive,fish,food,full,furnish,furniture,heater,horrible,hungry,ice-cream,kitchen,messy,neat,noisy,order,potato,quiet,refrigerator,restaurant,rice,salad,seasoning,soup,starve,treat,vegetable,water,waiter,waitress,etc.acupofcoffee,applepie,arealbargain,bananapie,beondiet,downtownarea,eatout,fastfood,friedfood,getawayfromallthenoise,lowprice,makethereservation,moveinto,saveonexpenses,schooldininghall,singleroom,etc.有关教育,科学,文化常见提问方式Howmanylessonsmusttheman/womanreviewovertheweekend?Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Whatdoestheman/womanthinkofhis/herlessons?WhatmostprobablyisMary?相关的提示语educationassignment,article,biology,briefing,chapter,correct,course,credit,essay,experiment,fail,improve,instructor,paper,paragraph,pass,present,presentation,professor,registration,revise,rewrite,scholar,score,semester,term,test,type,tutor,etc.acopyof,afullmark,bethroughwith,bringsb.Uptodate,callon,classpermit,drawnear,finalexam,literatureclass,hearfrom,matchexam,midtermexam,makeinquiry,makeprogress,opticalcourse,qualitypaper,readingassignment,researchreport,readsth.Through,stayup,takenotes,typingerror,etc.2.scienceandcultureaccomplish,accelerate,acid,achievement,accuracy,ad.Air,analyze,circuit,classify,destiny,design,diagram,stuff,iron,measure,program,process,skill,survey,education.有关娱乐,休闲,购物常见提问方式Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Wheredoesthewomanlive/work?Whydidthemangoto…?相关提示语cinemaappreciate,audience,cinema,concert,crowded,dance,dramatic,film,movie,music,performance,,seat,show,start,ticket,etc.alongtime,backseat,real-lifedrama,romanticstories,etc.Istheseatallright?shoppingbargain,blouse,buy,clerk,colour,department,discount,dress,jacket,jean,model,rob,sell,shop,size,store,style,T-shirt,etc.forfree,goshopping,onsale,outofstock,shopassistant,etc.telecommunicationcall,change,coin,message,operator,rate,receiveretc.answerthecall,callback,cellphone,dialthenumber,get/make/putthrough,hangup,holdon,holdtheline,longdistancecall,makeacallonthephone,mobilephone,officephonenumber,phonebook,returnthecall,speakto,take/leaveamessage,etc.Isthat….?It….there?MayIspeakto…?Thereisno…here.Thisis…speaking.trafficaccident,airport,bicycle,car,damage,danger,delay,fix,flight,garage,gate,hurt,kill,repair,seat,ship,shock,sign,taxi,etc.airticket,bookup,breakdown,can’taffordacar,check-incounter,drunkdriver,drunkdriving,flattyre,flyover,givesb.aride,leavefor,mechanicalproblem,morningflight,onthetrain,ontheplane,one-waystreet,rideabike,second-handedautomobile,takeacrowedbus,usedcar,etc.medicinebloodpressure,cold,fever,flu,headache,hurt,injection,injury,medicine,operation,pill,serious,stomach-ache,surgery,tablet,temperature,toothache,X-rays,etc.bewithapatient,feeltired,getworseandworse,makeanappointment,seethedoctor,twistankle,wearout,etc.MayItakeyourtemperature?WhatcanIdoforyou?What’sthematterwithyou?vacationbook,Christmas,holiday,eastern,reserve,tour,travel,view,visit,etc.gototheseaside,lookforwardto,theSpringFestival,travelagent,etc.weatherbright,clear,climate,cloudy,cold,downpour,fine,fog,foggy,forecast,hot,lightening,mild,nice,shower,snow,snowy,sunny,sunshine,temperature,thunder,thunderstorm,weather,wet,wind,windy,worst,etc.getworse,strongwinds,suchaseverewinter,etc.(3)短文类题型分析历史上将近80多篇文章在类型上非常明显,总体来说出现频率最高的是故事,说明文和科技型文章.具有情节性的记叙文具有情节性的记叙文历来是比拟常见的大学英语四级考试听力短文局部体裁形式.受到篇幅的限制,这局部的考题不可能出现大篇幅的论述文,因此简短的小故事经常被用当作考题.根据经验来看,一般来说这种短文趣味性会更强,情节不会很复杂.因此在做这种体裁时,要特别注意听出文章中的人物,各自发生的事情或所做过的事情—根据预读四个选项预测出听完全文后会出现和什么细节有关的问题,因此在整个听力过程中要格外注意有关这些细节的内容并简单扼要地记录下几个重点的词汇(甚至是一些字母等)以便在完成听力后进行选择时能够找到一些参考依据.经典特征:情节虚构(也可能真实),有人物的参与,有时会出现对话,有情节的开展,有高潮和结尾.主要考点:1)结尾考点:上述代表性的故事全部都有一个奇妙的,搞笑的或是出人意料的结尾.一般说来,故事型听力文章在结尾处的精妙设计都会安排一个题目. 2)转折关系考点:这实际上是一个通用考点,but,however,unexpectedly,unfortunately,surprisingly等单词都会在故事型文章中出现.3)对话考点:在故事型文杂货能够中,对话是特有的,一般可以根据语调来判断说话者的态度.平调表示陈述,降调表示强调,升调表示疑问和否认.技巧:有经验的考生在经过认真读题,审题后就会预测出将要听的文章的大致情节,甚至在进行听力时在每题答案即将出现时会有感觉.一般来说,做这类题目时所给的选择题的出现顺序应和题目出现顺序根本上时相同的.换句话说,考生只要按照顺序听就可以.由于每道题目要有一定的间隔,而且听力短文局部的篇幅又不可能过长,所以就很容易地判断出三道题的大致位置:短文开头前一,两句话中会出现一道选择题的答案,情节过程中会出现一道选择题的答案(一般是比拟有戏剧性或让人感到意外的情节局部),结尾或结局局部会出现一道题目答案.具有科普性的说明文具有科普性的说明文往往是对某件事务,现象进行解释,说明,描写的短文(如地震,科学创造等某一自然现象或景观),有时候这一局部还会出现有关现代生活中人们普遍关心的话题(如犯罪,环境保护等某一社会现象或问题).由于这局部的知识性明显要强于故事性的记叙文,因此考生在听这一局部考题时要特别注意对重要信息的捕获,对说话人态度的体会,对某一句关键句的理解以及对一些重要的信息(如数字等)的判断,除此外考生要具备在很短时间内对所听到的信息进行综合,分析,归纳及区分的能力.常见题型:1.主旨大意题:考查考生对全文中心大意的掌握,对全文所表达出的内容的理解.其重点是对全文中心的理解,而一篇短文的中心大意通常是出现在文章的开头局部.所以只要考生在短文朗读正式开始时格外留意第一句的内涵就可以很快把握住全文的主旨大意.偶尔也会出现这种情况,第一句没给出全文主旨大意,不要慌.因为有时候出题人成心把全文主旨大意隐藏在文章中考查考生体察全文中心大意的能力.如果这样,考生要注意听短文时出现频率最高词汇是哪一个,也可根据这个或这些重点词汇判断出文章主旨大意.经常出现的提问方式如下:(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(3)Whatdowelearnf