2020年江西财经大学考博英语真题及答案

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A、ineffect

B、inconsequence

C、inlargepart

D、atlarge答案:C2、Somepeopleholdthat,sinceweliveinamoneyorientedsociety,theaverageindividualcareslittleaboutsolving______problems.

A、anyoneelses’

B、anyone’selse

C、anyoneelse’s

D、anyone答案:C3、Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions______theyhavemadefortunes.

A、fromthatinwhich

B、fromwhich

C、inwhich

D、fromwhat答案:A4、Nowscientistscannotrealize______soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

A、so

B、very

C、too

D、as答案:C5、ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrinstonwas______AlbertEinstein.

A、nonebut

B、noneotherbut

C、nootherbut

D、nobodybut答案:B6、Wemusttakepartinphysicallaborinorderto______ourselvesmorecloselywiththeworkingpeople.

A、combine

B、incorporate

C、involve

D、identify答案:D7、Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,______,whichareencodedaszeroesandones.

A、ofbitsofinformation

B、ofmuchinformation

C、oflittleinformation

D、ofinformation答案:A8、Nomodernindustrialenterprisescan______foramomentwithoutrulesandsetprocedures.

A、make

B、do

C、try

D、perform答案:B9、Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim______bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.

A、setforth

B、broughtforth

C、comeup

D、putforward答案:A10、Weobjecttotheideathatitismilitaryforcethatshouldbe______insettlinginternationaldisputes.

A、appliedto

B、resortedto

C、fallenbackon

D、restrainedfrom答案:B二、ReadingComprehension(总题数:4,分数:20.0分)TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementstronglybelievesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetools

theywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.Todothisitisnecessaryto

startoffwithanunderstandingoftheessentialdrivingforcesthatwillbeforcingorganizationsto

change.Changeisnotrandom,thereareunderlyingprocesses.Threecentraldrivingforces—the

growthoftheworldeconomy,thechangingnatureoftheworkforce,andthearrivalofgenuine

technologicalcompetition—arenowatwork.

Theglobalizationoftheworldcapitalmarketsthathasoccurredinthepast20yearswillbe

replicatedrightacrosstheeconomyinthenextdecade.Theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesat

qualitylevelspreviouslythoughtimpossibletoobtaininmassproductionandthespreadinguseof

participatorymanagementtechniqueswillrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducation

andskills.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,

Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.

Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow’smanagerswillhavetohaveastrongbackgroundin

organizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlaboreconomics.TheMITSloanSchoolof

Managementattemptstoadvanceourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquickly

bringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhen

itcomestothehumansideoftheequation.

WhatthismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesof,technicalchangein

waysthatwerenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthat

itisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitoriftheyunderstandtheforcesof

technicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.

Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctional

taskswithinthefirm.Iftheydon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomes

ablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechangesthatthosewhodounderstandwhatisgoingoninside

theblackboxmake.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

11、Whatisitessentialforstudentstounderstandthedrivingforcesthatcanforceorganizationsto

change?

A、BecausetheMITSloanSchoolofManagementemphasizeditsimportance.

B、Becausetheworldeconomyischanging.

C、Becausestudentsneedtobeeffectiveagentsintheirfuturecareers.

D、Becausetechnologicalcompetitionnowisstrong.答案:C12、Whatwillbeneededtoproducequalifiedgoodsandservicesinmassproductionandthe

spreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniques?

A、Employersshouldhaveasenseofglobalization.

B、Employeesshouldbewell-educatedandskillfulintheirjobs.

C、Employersshouldadaptthemselvestodifferentstylesofmanagement.

D、Employeesshouldshifttheirpositionsfromonetoanother.答案:C13、WhatdoestheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattempttodoinitsresearch?

A、Tohelpitsstudentsbecomefirstclassmanagers.

B、Totestwhetheritsstudentshaveastrongbackgroundincertainareas.

C、Togivesomeinsightstothosefirstclassmanagers.

D、Tohelpitsstudentsadvancetheirunderstandingsincertainareas.答案:D14、WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanmanagersfromthispassage?

A、Theyhavebeendominatedbymanagersfromothercountries.

B、Theyneedtoknowmoreabouttechnology.

C、Theyknowtheircompetitorsunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetter.

D、Theyaretechnologicallyreadytobemanagersintheworldoftomorrow.答案:B15、Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A、TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementhasrevealedwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackbox.

B、Americanmanagersknowmoreabouttechnicalchangethanmanagersfromtherestoftheworld.

C、Thestyleofmanagementischangingconstantly.

D、Everyfuturemanagershouldhavecross-disciplinaryknowledge.答案:DTextinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀叹)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipfor

illiterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn’t

writingatall.It’sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguage

probablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;wringisjustacraftthatcame

alonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.

However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,

writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:“The

wholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradualretreatofthePersianswaschangedintoa

disorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbytheprincipalleadersand…”

Noonetalkslikethatcasually—orshould.Butitisnaturaltodesiretodosoforspecialoccasions.In

theolddays,wedidn’tmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethe

speedofconversation.Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo—andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolves

thecrudemechanicsofwriting,butinitseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingis

actuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindofgrammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn’tactuallymean“laughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolved

intosomethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.

Joeelyntexts“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback“LOLatthelibrarystudyingfor

twohours.”LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseof

equality.Insteadofhavingaliteralmeaning,itdoessomething—conveyinganattitude—justlikethe

-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan“meaning”anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithout

beingnoticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeanany

kindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacode

separatefromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruining

compositionskills.Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,

casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

16、Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

A、Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.

B、Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C、Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D、Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

答案:C17、Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

A、Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B、Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C、Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D、Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

答案:B18、WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

A、Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B、Itshowsthetexter’ssophistication.

C、Itisatrendywaytocommunicate.

D、Itaddstothehumorofthetext.

答案:A19、Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow

A、thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B、howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C、whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D、thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

答案:D20、Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftexting?

A、Itfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B、Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C、Itdeterioratespeople’scompositionskills.

D、Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.答案:BJustoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields.

TheyholdthehighestpoliticalofficesfromThailandtoBrazil,CostaRicatoAustralia.Awoman

holdsthetopspotattheInternationalMonetaryFund;anotherwontheNobelPrizeineconomics.

Self-madebillionairesinBeijing,techinnovatorsinSiliconValley,pioneeringjusticesinGhana-in

theseandcountlessotherareas,womenareleavingtheirmark.

Butholdtheapplause.InSaudiArabia,womenaren’tallowedtodrive.InPakistan,1,000women

dieinhonorkillingseveryyear.Inthedevelopedworld,womenlagbehindmeninpayandpolitical

power.ThepovertyrateamongwomenintheU.S.roseto14.5%lastyear.

Tomeasurethestateofwomen’sprogress.Newsweekranked165countries,lookingatfiveareas

thataffectwomen’slives:treatmentunderthelaw,workforceparticipation,politicalpower,and

accesstoeducationandhealthcare.AnalyzingdatafromtheUnitedNationsandtheWorld

EconomicForum,amongothers,andconsultingwithexpertsandacademics,wemeasured28factors

tocomeupwithourrankings.

CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationis

againstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化).Butthereweresome

surprises.Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpolitical

representation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaand

Burundi.Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomen

ingeneral?Notexactly.“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishard

becauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference,”says

Anne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.

Ofcourse,noindexcanaccountforeverything.Declaringthatonecountryisbetterthananotherin

thewaythatittreatsmorethanhalfitscitizensmeansrelyingonbroadstrokesandgeneralities.

Somethingssimplycan’tbemeasured.Andcross-culturalcomparisonscan’taccountfordifferences

ofopinion.

Certainconclusionsarenonethelessclear.Foronething,ourindexbacksupasimplebutprofound

statementmadebyHillaryClintonattherecentAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationsummit.“When

weliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,

nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“Thereisastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhave

greateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewer

militaryconflicts.Morefood.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingthe

economicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.

21、Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutwomen’sprogresssofar?

A、Itstillleavesmuchtobedesired.

B、Itistooremarkabletobemeasured.

C、Ithasgreatlychangedwomen’sfate.

D、Itisachievedthroughhardstruggle.

答案:A22、Inwhatcountrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress?

A、Wherewomenholdkeypostsingovernment.

B、Wherewomen’srightsareprotectedbylaw.

C、Wherewomen’sparticipationinmanagementishigh.

D、Wherewomenenjoybettereducationandhealthcare.

答案:B23、WhatdoNewsweekrankingsrevealaboutwomeninCanada?

A、Theycareliteaboutpoliticalparticipation.

B、Theyaregenerallytreatedasequalsbymen.

C、Theyhaveasurprisinglylowsocialstatus.

D、Theyareunderrepresentedinpolitics.

答案:D24、WhatdoesAnne-MarieGoetzthinkofawomanbeinginanation’stopoffice?

A、Itdoesnotnecessarilyraisewomen’spoliticalawareness.

B、Itdoesnotguaranteeabetterlifeforthenation’swomen.

C、Itenhanceswomen’sstatus.

D、Itboostswomen’sconfidence.

答案:B25、WhatdoesHillaryClintonsuggestwedotomaketheworldabetterplace?

A、Givewomenmorepoliticalpower.

B、Stimulatewomen’screativity.

C、Allowwomenaccesstoeducation.

D、Tapwomen’seconomicpotential.答案:DAbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,

onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,a

wreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassrooms

fora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,even

halfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistowering

achievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisis

somethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikeness

madeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury

Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,

lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledto

theLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinental

thoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillaliving

memoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorld

WarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawful

nationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacute

senseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhowe

are.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,former

capitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederate

Veteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.

Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitarianto

atellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceof

scholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feely

agecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—by

hisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueina

subduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalf

century,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionofthe

heroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’s

greatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:

principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmade

aftertheirownimage.We’vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthe

businesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,the

stoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist—LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What’softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownno

lessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago—and,

throughthem,Lincolnhimself—haveleftusthehintofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialis

themostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:in

thewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe’veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlessly

renewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26、Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebration,isinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause

A、nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen

B、noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909

C、noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled

D、nomemorialcoinswillbeissued

答案:B27、Accordingthepassagewhatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentformthisyear’s?

A、StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

B、Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C、Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

D、TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

答案:B28、Intheauthor’sopinion,thecounter-conference

A、rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars

B、resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln

C、cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions

D、offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective

答案:B29、Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople

A、revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes

B、showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln

C、reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship

D、conformstotraditionalimages

答案:A30、Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

A、Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

B、Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

C、EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D、PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.答案:B三、Cloze(总题数:1,分数:10.0分)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep【A1】______of

whatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguide

leaders【A2】______theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisfor

policy【A3】______.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar【A4】______line

withthepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsonthe

extentofitspublic【A5】______.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychoose

to【A6】______orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,when

government【A7】______acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it【A8】______aloss

ofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReagan

administration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonews

ofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid【A9】______attentiontopollsthathad

revealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’s

regimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsas

a【A10】______forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedby

legislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatis

thetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

31、【A1】______

A、trace

B、trade

C、track

D、trap

答案:C32、【A2】______

A、with

B、to

C、for

D、in

答案:D33、【A3】______

A、determination

B、conclusion

C、decision

D、choice

答案:A34、【A4】______

A、from

B、by

C、at

D、about答案:A35、【A5】______

A、admission

B、support

C、disagreement

D、reaction

答案:B36、【A6】______

A、dispute

B、disregard

C、disrespect

D、disrupt

答案:B37、【A7】______

A、continues

B、carrieson

C、embarks

D、pursues

答案:D38、【A8】______

A、risks

B、costs

C、makes

D、endangers

答案:A39、【A9】______

A、efficiency

B、effective

C、sufficient

D、scarce

答案:D40、【A10】______

A、replacement

B、substitute

C、change

D、diversity答案:B四、Translate(总题数:2,分数:2.0分)41、Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Youshouldwriteyouransweronthe

AnswerSheet.

Howcanhistorymakemenwise?Historyoftenrepeatsitselfasfarce—preciselywhatmay

soonplayoutinWashington.ASWorldWarIIwasdrawingtoaclose.Expertsfromtheworld’s

leadingcountriesgatheredatBrettonWoods,NewHampshire,tocreateaglobaleconomicorder.

TheyestablishedtheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundandcalledforanewbodyto

superviseglobalcommercethateventuallybecomeknownastheInternationalTradeOrganization.

WhenitbecametimefortheUnitedStatesCongresstoapprovetheITO,PresidentHarryTruman,

preoccupiedwithaplanfortheUnitedStateshealth-carereform,failedtolobbyvigorouslyforthe

ITO.Protectioniststorpedoedtheproposal,andtheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,or

GATT,theloosetradeorganizationthath