国际商务英语教程第三版14-28单元课后答案

14.

I.1.Getletters,documentsandpackagesdeliveredovernight.

2.Handlenearly2millionpackagesanddocumentsperday

3.Ownalargenumberofairplanes,trucksandvansforhandlingdelivery

4.Ensurethatmostofitsflightsarrivewithinfifteenminutesofschedule

5.Useacombinationofdirectservicesandindependentcontractorsforinternationaldeliveries

6.Promotethecompany'srecordofefficiencyandontimedelivery

7.Faceintensecompetitionfromelectronicmail

8.Businessesneedtobeabletocommunicatequicklywithemployeesaroundtheworld

9.Offerinternationalservicetooveronehundredcountries

10.Anadverseimpactwhichlossesininternationaloperationshaveonafirm'searnings

11.Increaseacompany'sfixedcostsofinternationaloperations

12.Experiencepoorsalesperformanceduetoverystiffcompetition

13.Havedifficultyinbuildingaglobalinfrastructuretosupportitsoperations

14.Trytoimproveitsservicesthroughmoresophisticatedcomputers

II.1.BusinessesandindividualsintheUnitedStatesandthewholeworldbenefitgreatlyfromtheovernightletter,documentandpackagedeliveryservicehandledbyFederalExpress.

2.FederalExpresshasup-do-datemeansoftransport,highlyefficientservicecentersandfacilities,andloyalandhardworkingemployees,whichensuresthequickandpunctualfulfillmentofitsdeliveryservice.

3.Topromoteitsdeliveryservice,FederalExpressmotivatesitsemployeesbyofferingthemexcellenttrainingandcompensation,sothattheyhaveveryhighlevelofserviceandefficiency.

4.Despiteitsremarkablebusinessperformance,FederalExpressisfacedwithfiercecompetitionfromitsrivalsinitsbusinessoperations,withtheresultofaconsiderablelossofitsmarketshare.

5.Althoughithasexperiencedmanydifficultiesandsetbacksinitsbusinessoperations,FederalExpressisconvincedthat,byimprovingitsservicethroughmoresophisticatedcomputersandcustomerrelations,itcancertainlysucceedinattainingfurtheroverseasexpansion.

RevisionExercises(LL.8-14)

I.1.in2.in3.with4.for5.to6.of7.on8.in9.to10.with11.on12.with13.from14.of15.by16.in

II.1.alongwith2.importers3.ensure4.advertise5.establishing6.existing7.blueprint8.incontrastwith9.inspiteof10.wassubjectto11.wereaimedat12.arelikelyto13.prevailing14.affect15.regardlessof16.extent

III.1.thegovernmentwillprovidethemwithpreferentialloansandrelativelycheaprawmaterials

2.ThecentralbankofthatLatinAmericancountryislikelyto

3.hasplayedasignificantroleintherapideconomicgrowthofthiscountry

4.specializinginthemanufactureoftransformers

5.willleadtopricefluctuationsandaslowdownintheimprovementinthelivingconditionsofinhabitants

6.hasenabledChina'sexistingindustrialenterprisestoraiselaborproductivity,increaseoutputandimproveproductquality.

7.willpromotetheeconomicdevelopmentofShanghai,theYangtseDeltaandthewholecountry

8.onthebasisofthetradeagreementsreachedwiththem

9.thereisnodoubtthattheirexportvaluewilldeclineobviously

10.consistingofagroupofrenownedeconomists

11.amountedto2billionU.S.Dollars,anincreaseof15percentovertheyearbefore

12.hascreatedconditionsforthefurtherdevelopmentandopeningupofthatcity

13.willcontributetotheexpansionofeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenChinaandSpain

14.regardlessofanydifficultiesandrisks

IV.1.Atthattime,takingadvantageofhisparticipationinanexportcommodityfairinLosAngeles,thepresentativeofthiscompanyproducinghouseholdelectricappliancesgotacquaintedwithmanyforeignentrepreneursandbusinessmensoastocreatefavorableconditionsforthedevelopmentofthecompany'soverseasbusinessinthefuture.

2.Asfarbackasthemid-1980s,thegovernmentmadegreateffortstobuildhighwayandcommunicationfacilitiesinthateconomicdevelopmentzoneinordertocreateconditionsforthevigorouseconomicdevelopmentinthe1990sandbeyond.

3.Inordertofurtherexpandopening-up,thegovernmenthasallowedthebranchesofforeignbanksinChinatoconductRMBdepositandlendingbusinesssothattheycanplayanimportantroleinChina'seconomicdevelopment.

4.Withaseriousshortageofforeignexchange,thisLatinAmericancountryhascontinuouslycutdownonimports,leadingtoaninadequatesupplyofmanymachineryandequipmentandrawmaterialsandasustaineddeclineinindustrialproductioninthecountry.

5.ThestatisticsissuedbyChina'sCustomsGeneralAdministrationshowthat,onNovember20,2004China'stotalexportandimportvaluetopped1trillionU.S.Dollars,whichbecameanewmilestoneinthedevelopmentofthecountry'sforeigntrade,implyingthatChinawillbecometheworld'sthirdlargestinternationaltradernextonlytotheUnitedStatesandGermany.

6.TheforeignexchangesystemrecentlypromulgatedbyBankofChinaisaimedatstimulatingdomesticenterprisestoexpandexportsandincreaseexportearningsandencouragingoverseasChinesetomakemoreremittancetotheirmotherland.

7.Recently,thecommerceministerofthatcountrystatedatapressconferencethat,onthebasisofsomeregulationspromulgatedbytheWorldTradeOrganization,thecountrywouldsoonnegotiatewithsomedevelopedcountriesaboutbilateraleconomicandtraderelations.

8.Atthattime,despiteitsmajoreconomicdifficulties,Chinastillprovidedsomelessdevelopedcountrieswitheconomicandtechnologicalassistanceandhelpedthemovercomevariousdifficulties.

9.ForeigninvestorshavebenefitedalotfromChina'spolicyofopeningup,becausethatpolicyhasenabledthemtoinvestinacountryhavingahugemarketandreapenormousprofits.

10.WithChina'sfurtherexpansionofitsopening-up,foreigncompaniesarepermittedandencouragedbytheChinesegovernmenttomakeinvestmentsinsuchindustriesascommerce,bankingandinsuranceotherthanmanufacturing.

11.Inrecentyears,asaresultofutilizingforeigncapitalandadvancedforeigntechnology,China'sautoindustryhasdevelopedsteadilyanditsoutputandproductqualityhaverisen,sothatithasnotonlymetthegrowingneedsofthedomesticmarketbuthasalsocontinuouslyexpandedexports.

12.Thatyear,theheadsofstateofFrance,GermanyandsomeotherEuropeancountriesvisitedChinainsuccessionandeachofthemwasaccompaniedbyaChinavisitinggroupconsistingofnearlyahundredpeopleincludingseniorbusinessexecutives,bringingaboutvarioustypesofSino-Europeanbusinesscooperationincludinginvestmentsininfrastructureandtheestablishmentofjointventure.

13.Inthelate1990s,manufacturedexportsofthatdevelopingcountryaccountedfor60percentofitstotalexports,asopposedtoonly18percentinthe1970s,reflectingtherapiddevelopmentofthatcountry'smanufacturingandtheevidentriseintheinternationalcompetitivenessofitsmanufacturedgoods.

14.Afterenteringthe21stcentury,theU.S.Economyobviouslyworsened,whichwascharacterizedbyasubstantialdeclineinitsgrowthrate,amarkedreductioninproductionanddomesticmarketsalesandasharpdropinstockprices.

15.ThespokesmanoftheChineseministryofcommercerecentlytoldthepressthatthenewmeasuresadoptedbytheChinesegovernmentnotlongagowereaimedatencouragingforeigninvestorstomakeinvestmentsinChina'scentralandwesternregions.

15.

I.1.Internationalinvestmentswhichareaimedatearninghigherreturnsabroad

2.Takeadvantageofhigherreturnsonsecuritiesabroadtoearnmoremoney

3.Buyersofforeignsecuritieswhoexpectyieldmaximization

4.Takeaccountofthegreatvariabilityinthemarketvalueofforeignsecurities

5.Asharpreductioninreturnsarisingfromthedrasticfallinthemarketpricesofforeignsecurities

6.Measuretheriskassociatedwithinvestmentsinforeignstocksandbonds

7.Higherreturnsondirectinvestmentsresultingfromhighergrowthratesabroad

8.Retaindirectcontroloveruniqueproductionknowledge

9.Largecorporationswhichdonotwanttolicenseforeignproducers

10.Avoidtariffsandotherrestrictionsimposedonimports

11.Large-scaledirectinvestmentmadeinmanufacturinginforeigncountries

12.Obtainthenecessaryfinancingtoenteranewforeignmarket

13.Exertdirectcontrolovertheoperationsofthesubsidiariesaroundtheworld

14.Facilitateandencouragemultinationalcorporations'directinvestmentsabroad

II.1.Internationalinvestmentsconsistmainlyofinternationalportfolioinvestmentanddirectforeigninvestments,withtheformerreferringtoportfolioinvestmentsintheformofpurchasingstocksandbondsandthelatterreferringtoundertakingproductionorotherbusinessactivities.

2.Afterthesecondworldwar,inordertomaximizeprofits,industrializedcountriesmadedifferenttypesofdirectinvestmentsinallpartsoftheworldaswellasmakinggreateffortstoincreasemerchandiseandservicesexports.

3.Thereisnodoubtthatdevelopingcountries'abundantnaturalresources,cheaplabourandvariousincentiveswillcertainlyattractdevelopedcountries'largecorporationstomakeenormousdirectinvestmentsinthosecountriesandenablethemtoreaphugeprofits.

4.Sincethe1970s,developedcountries'directinvestmentsindevelopingcountrieshaveincreasinglytakentheformofestablishingjointventureswithlocalcapitalsoastoobtainpreferentialtreatmentandpreventtheirfirmsfrombeingnationalizedbythehostcountries.

5.Manymultinationalcorporationsofmajordevelopedcountriesundertakeproduction,processingandmarketingonaglobalbasisandtheirbranchesandsubsidiariesspreadallovertheworld.

16.

I.1.ThecompetitiveadvantageofMNCsininternationalmarkets

2.Maximizethecompany'sannualsales

3.Theestablishmentofaglobalnetworkofdistribution

4.Shiftproductionfacilitiestolow-wagenationsandregions

5.Thepossibilityofobtainingforeignmarketinformation

6.Provideitsforeignsubsidiarieswithnew-typemachineryandequipment

7.Someproductsareoverpricedandsomeotherproductsareunderpriced

8.Engageindevelopingandmanufacturinghigh-technologyproducts

9.Impose(place)restrictionsonthetransferofhighlysophisticatedtechnology

10.Exercisestrictcontroloverthequalityofproducts

11.Doharmtothereputationandeconomicstrengthoftheparentfirm

12.Thelossofthetechnologicalleadofthismultinationalcorporation

13.Strictlyobservethelawsandregulationsofthehostcountryforforeigninvestment

14.Bringaboutfrictionsanddisputesbetweendomesticandforeignenterprises

II.1.Inthepostwarera,therapiddevelopmentofmultinationalcorporationsresultingfromthesharpincreaseintheforeigndirectinvestmentsofmajorindustrialcountriesplayedasignificantroleintheworld'seconomicdevelopment.

2.ThesteadyincreaseinthenumberandstrengthofGerman,FrenchandJapanesemultinationalcorporationsbasedontherapideconomicdevelopmentoftheirowncountrieshasunderminedthesuperiorityofAmericanmultinationalcorporations.

3.Manymultinationalcorporationshaveexploitedtheirhugeproductionanddistributionnetworkstoengageinvariousspeculativeandunlawfulactivitiesandharmthehostcountries'economicsovereigntyandthelegitimateinterestsofthepublic,inanattempttoseizeenormousillegalearnings.

4.Intheearly1970s,onthebasisofcentralizedmanagement,InternationalBusinessMachineCorporationprovideditsforeignaffiliateswithsomeoperatingautonomysothattheycouldadapttheirmarketingtothefastchanginglocaleconomicandpoliticalsituation.

5.TheAmericanmultinationalcorporationwhichundertakesproductionanddistributiononaglobalbasisisfacedwithserousdifficultiesinitsoperationarisingfromfierceforeigncompetition.

17.

I.1.AjointventureinwhichtwobusinessentitiesfromChinaandJapanhaveparticipated

2.Beagainstmajorityownershipandundividedmanagerialauthoritybyaforeignpartner

3.Twobasicfactorsdeterminingtheformajointventureshouldtake

4.AnAmericanoilcompanyformedajointventureintheMiddleEastwithaBritishoilfirmforoilexplorationinthatregion.

5.Theadvantagearisingfrompoolingthedifferentresourcesandcapabilitiesofeachpartner

6.Thelocalpartnerinajointventurewhoisofsomesignificanceinthefield

7.TheforeignpartnerwhocontributesproductionfacilitiestoajointventureformedbyboththeChineseandforeignparities

8.Ajointventureformedwithalocalpartnerwhooperatesinarelatedindustry

9.Governmentparticipationinjointventuresrealizedthroughgovernmentparticipationintheownershipofenterprises

10.conflictingviewsanddifferentwaysoflookingatproblemthatexistbetweenthetwopartners

11.Bringtothejointventuremanagementtheirlongstandingmanagerialpractices

12.Properlyhandletheinterpersonalfrictioninthejointventuremanagement

13.Explaintotheotherpartnerhisheadquarters'decisionsinrespecttotheoperationsofthejointventure

14.Havecompleteautonomyineveryoperatingdecisionofajointventure

II.1.Anequityjointventurerelatestoaneconomicorganizationjointlyinvestedandformedbyitstwopartnersandhavingthenewandindependentstatusasalegalperson,andbothpartnersshareprofitsandlossesaccordingtotheirrespectiveproportionsofinvestment.

2.TheLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonJointVenturesUsingChineseandForeignInvestmentpromulgatedin1979,whichwasdesignedtoattractforeignfirmstomakedirectinvestmentsinChina,wasthefirstimportantforeigneconomiclegislationenactedaftertheimplementationoftheopen-uppolicy

3.AjointventureformedbybothitsChineseandforeignpartnersisanenterprisejointlyinvestedbyaChineseandaforeignbusinessentities,towhichbothpartnerscancontributecash,materialobjects(suchasfactorybuildings,equipmentandmaterials),industrialproprietaryrights,knowhowandtherighttousethesite.

4.AjointventureformedbybothitsChineseandforeignpartners,whichenjoysoperatingautonomy,isendowedwithsuchpowersaslayingoutitsschemeforenterprisedevelopment,drawingupitsproductionandmanagementprograms,workingoutitsplansforfinancialbudget,profitdistributionandlaborandwages,andengagingmanagerialpersonnel.

5.Itisevidencedbypracticethattheestablishmentofjointventures,whicharenew-typeenterprisesimbuedwithgreatvitality,contributestotheabsorptionofforeigncapital,theintroductionofadvancedtechnology,andthepromotionofthetechnologicaltransformationofexistingenterprises;theexpansionofexportsandtheaugmentationofforeignexchangeearnings;andtheabsorptionofforeignmanagementexperienceandtheimprovementinthebusinessmanagementofenterprises.

18

I.1.EveryforeigninvestmentproposalisexaminedbytheChineseauthorities.

2.ForeigndirectinvestmentswhichareinthebestinterestsofChinacanbeapproved.

3.ForeigncompanieshavelongcovetedChina'spotentialasahugemarket.

4.BothmarketsizeandresourcesarethemotivationforinvestinginChinabyforeigninvestors.

5.SeeChianastheworld'slastbiggrowthmarket

6.EstablishSpecialEconomicZonesinwhichincentivestoinvestaregiventoforeigncompanies

7.OfthetotalinvestmentinajointventuretheChineseandforeignpartnersown51percentand49percentrespectively.

8.Afeasibilitystudythatincludesthetypeandquantityofproductandtargetmarket

9.AgreementsbetweenthetwopartnersarepresentedtotheMinistryofCommerceorlocalauthoritiesforapproval.

10.Registertoobtainabusinesslicensewithinamonthofapproval

11.Theapplicationandapprovalprocedureforawhollyforeign-ownedventureisbasicallythesameasthatforajointventure.

12.ThetransferoftechnologyisconducivetoanincreaseintheexportcompetitivenessofChineseenterprises.

13.Achievetheforeigninvestors'objectivessuchasanincreaseinthereturnsoninvestmentandinmarketshare

14.Chinaistakingeffectivemeasurestofurtherattractforeigninvestments

II.1.Inthepastyears,China'srapideconomicgrowthanditspeople'srisingpurchasingpowerhavetranslatedintohugeconsumerspendingandmarketsize,whichisthemainmotivationforvigorouslymakingdirectinvestmentsinChinabyforeigncompanies.

2.Inrecentyears,manyareasinChinahavegivenforeigninvestorstheincentiveswhichareconsistentwiththeChinesegovernment'spolicyoffurtherexpandingopening-upandthemeasurestheyhavetakenareaimedatstimulatingforeigncompaniestoincreasetheirdirectinvestmentsinChina.

3.InviewofChina'sabundantcheaplabour,foreignfirmsseetheirdirectinvestmentsinChinaasameansofreducingcosts,increasinginternationalcompetitivenessandexpandingexportstointernationalmarkets.

4.Inthelate1970s,theChineseleadersperceivedthatonlybycarryingoutanopen-uppolicyandattractingandutilizingforeigncapital,technologyandmanagementmethodsratherthancontinuingeconomicisolationismcouldarapideconomicdevelopmentbeachieved.

5.Sinceitsestablishmentinlate1993,theeconomicdevelopmentzoneinChina'sJiangsuprovincehasacceptedsubstantialforeigndirectinvestmentswhichareinthebestinterestsofthenationandbytheendof2002,over300foreign-investedfirmshadbeenestablishedthere,including52firmswithaninvestmentofovertenmilliondollarseach.

19.

I.1.ForeigncompanieswhicharefirmlyestablishedinAsiaandChina

2.ThemostpromisingmarketintheAsia-Pacificregionandintheworld

3.Theacknowledgedlong-termcenterofbusinessinChina

4.Foreign-investedenterpriseswhoseprimaryobjectiveistoparticipateinthevastChinamarket

5.ThelocalgrowthandGDPareaheadofthecountryasawhole.

6.BeinggreatlyoptimisticaboutbusinessintheShanghaiarea

7.Offeringveryattractiveincentivestoforeigninvestors

8.AgreatimprovementintheinfrastructureandinvestmentenvironmentintheShanghaiarea

9.Projectsinsuchcategoriesashigh-technology,environmentalprotectionandexportorientation

10.Foreignenterprises'investmentprojectswhichenjoypreferentialpoliciesandregulations

11.Theconvenientlocationandtheimprovedqualityoflife

12.Furtheropentoforeigninvestmentandinternationalcommerce

13.EncourageandattractmoretradeandinvestmentfromtheWest

14.MoreandmoremultinationalcorporationsareplacingseniorexecutivesinShanghai

II.1.Inrecentyears,astheinfrastructureandinvestmentenvironmentintheShanghaiareahavebeengreatlyupgraded,foreignbusinesspeoplehavebeenincreasinglyinterestedinengagingintradeandmakingdirectinvestmentsinthisarea.

2.Guidedbytheopen-uppolicy,thelocalauthoritiesofShanghaihaveattachedgreatimportancetoabsorbingforeignfunds,technologyandmanagerialexpertise,inanefforttocontributegreatlytothecity'seconomicdevelopmentandprosperity.

3.AsforeigncompaniesareoptimisticaboutShanghai'seconomicdevelopmentandprospects,theyintendtoestablishnewenterprisesandfactoriesorincreaseinvestmentintheexistingenterprisesinthiscity.

4.Inimplementingthepolicyofabsorbingforeigncapital,thegovernmentofShanghaiprovideshigh-technologyandexport-orientedforeignenterpriseswithvariousincentivesaimedatencouragingandpromotingtheirdevelopment.

5.WiththeconstantperfectionofShanghai'sinvestmentenvironmentandsteadyimprovementinitsqualityoflife,thereisnodoubtthatthemultinationalcorporationsofmanydevelopedcountrieswishtobeestablishedinShanghai.

20

I.1.TheoverseasinvestmentstrategyofChineseenterprisesisrelatedtotheirsurvival.

2.Resolutelyimplementtheoverseasinvestmentstrategyof"goingoutanddevelopinginternationalmarkets"

3.AnimportantmeasureforChineseenterprisestomeetthechallengeofeconomicglobalization

4.Asharedvisionandmissionofanenterprisecanmotivateitsmemberstostriveforgreatsuccess.

5.Identifyinganenterprise'spurposeforoverseasinvestmentsisaprerequisitefordevelopingitsstrategicobjective

6.Investoverseastoexploitcertainresourcestomeetdomesticneeds

7.Chinaheavilyimportsresourcesthatareinabundantsupplyintheinternationalmarket.

8.Shouldconsidersettingupoverseasproductionfacilitiesforproductsthathavereachedasaturationpointinthedomesticmarket

9.Shouldtakeintoaccountwhetheroverseasinvestmentismorecosteffectivethantheuseofdomesticresources

10.Shouldtakeintoaccountwhethertheinvestmentenvironmentisgoodinselectingthehostcountry

11.Businessleadersshouldidentifythestrengthsandweaknessesoftheirenterprisesthroughacarefulanalysis.

12.Ensurethesustainabledevelopmentofanenterpriseandadapttothefastchangingenvironment

13.Toincreasetheirinternationalcompetitiveness,firmsshouldmakeeffortstocreatestrongbrands.

14.Competeinpriceandqualitywithsolidforeigncompaniesininternationalmarket.

II.1.Sincethesemineralresourceshadlongbeeninshortsupplyinthedomesticmarketandhadhighpricefluctuations,atthattimeprioritywasgiventothesemineralresourcesinidentifyingtheproductsofoverseasinvestment.

2.WhenthelargeChinesetelevisionmanufacturingcorporationfoundoutthattheproductioncostsofsomesparepartsandcomponentsoftelevisionsetswereconsiderablylowerinthatneighbouringdevelopingcountrythaninChina,itdecidedtosetupafactoryinthatcountrytoproducethesesparepartsandcomponentsandmeettheneedsofdomesticproduction.

3.Topreventthetradebarriersofsomedevelopedcountriesfromhinderingtheexportofitsproductstothemandexpanditsexports,theChineseclothingproducerdecidedtoinvestinthosecountriesandsetupfactoriesandproduceclothingthere.

4.Indevelopingtheiroverseasinvestmentandoperatingstrategy,Chinesemultinationalcorporationsshouldnotfocusonlyonprofitsandotherimmediateinterestbutshouldtakeintoaccounttheirlong-terminterestsandstrategicgoals.

5.Chinesemultinationalcorporationsshouldmakegreateffortstocreateandidentifytheirstrongbrandsandbecomeinvolvedininternationalcompetitioninordertoincreasesalesandstriveforalargermarketshare.

21

I.1.Expandexportstopayfortheincreasingimportsofforeignproducts

2.Searchformarketopportunitiesandanalyzedemandinforeignmarkets

3.Applymarketingtechniquestotapforeignmarketopportunities

4.Providethefirmwithstrategicoptionstoexploitmarketopportunities

5.Estimatethepotentialsalesforagivenproduct

6.Involveanunderstandingofbothmacro-and-micromarketing

7.Theinformationwhichisnecessarytodevelopanadequatestrategyfortheparticularmarket

8.Mustcomplywithdomesticexportregulationsandwithregulationsimposedbytheimportingcountry

9.Documentationrequirementsforexportingandimportingmustbebeforethegoodsarriveattheirpointofdestination

10.Itisnecessarytounderstandtheenvironmentalfactorsthataffectexportactivities

11.Carefullyidentifyandunderstandforeigncustomers'needsandwants

12.Undertakemoreeffectivemarketingincoordinationwithvariousmarketingactivities

13.Imposeveryrestrictivepaymenttermsontheforeignbuyer

14.Astableexportactivitythatcancontributetothefirm'sgrowth

II.1.Onlythoseenterprisesthatcancorrectlyestimateandevaluatethevariationsandeffectsofforeignmarkets'uncontrollablefactorsandcanalsotimelyadjusttheirinternationalmarketingstrategiesareabletoattainthebesteffectivenessoftheirbusinessoperations.

2.Ifanenterprisewishestoenhancetheappealandreputationofitsproductininternationalmarkets,itmustconductaseriesofmarketinvestigations,decision-makingandactionsbeforeandaftertheentryofitsproductintothemarketplace.

3.Beforeenteringtheinternationalmarket,anenterprisemustacquaintitselfwiththepolitical,legal,economicandculturalenvironmentsofitstargetmarketsoastoavoidrisks,seizeopportunitiesandachieveitsoperatinggoal.

4.Asuccessfulexportfirmmustbeablenotonlytooffertoforeignmarketshigh-qualityandcheapproductsandsatisfactoryafter-saleservice,butalsotoobtaininformationfromcustomersandthemarketsatanytimeinordertodevelopandadjustitsbusinessstrategy.

5.SincethefinancialcrisisofSoutheastAsiancountrieshadgivenrisetodifficultiesintheexportbusinessofmanyfirmsatthattime,theytookstepstoadjusttheirmarketingstrategiesinanefforttoreversetheirsituation.

RevisionExercises(LL.15-21)

I.1.against2.without3.by4.at5.to6.to7.from8.in9.from10.to11.as12.in13.to14.from15.in16.By

II.I.withdrawal2.drawout3.neednot4.ensuring5.merely6.maintain7.aswellas8.identifying9.ledto10.respondedto11.isaccompaniedby12plaints13.groundless14.varying15.intendedto16.calledfor

III.1.wasintendedtostimulateU.S.economicrecovery

2.resultingfromtheseriousshortageofconsumergoodsandinflation

3.inadditiontomeetingwiththeU.S.commercesecretaryandthetreasurysecretary

4.AtthattimepeopleinU.S.political,businessandacademiccircleswidelysupportedChina'saccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization.

5.MostU.S.congressmenattachedgreatimportancetothetalkgivenbytheSecretaryofStatetotheCNNreporter

7.whichwouldseriouslyhinderthatcountry'seconomicgrowthandtheimprovementandstabilityofthepeople'livelihood

8.consumers'actualdemandforconsumergoodswouldalwaysbetakenintoaccount

9.cannotbematchedbyanyotherbrandsinquality

10.hasmadeanoutstandingcontributiontothetrainingofseniormanagerialpersonnel

11.thereisnodoubtthattheseenterpriseswillachievearapiddevelopment

12.theworld'smajorautomanufacturersareoptimisticaboutincreasingautoexportstothatcountry

13.theChinesegovernmentwouldtakeintofullaccounttheforeigninvestors'legitima