Unit4Languagepoints参考演示课件

Unit4

Global

warmingLanguage

points1.

What

do

you

think

green

house

gases

do?本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是:特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,consider,imagine,guess和sugges等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。例如：[正]Who

do

you

think

will

win

in

the

game?[误]Do

you

think

who

will

win

in

the

game?当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如：[误]Why

do

you

know

we

can"t

cut

down

thebig

tree?[正]Do

you

know

why

we

can"t

cut

down

thebig

tree?2

…

it

is

a

rapid

increase

compared

to

mostnatural

changes.1).

vt.比较；对照。compare…with…表示“把……与……相比(同类相比)”如：Compare

your

answers

with

those

at

the

back

of

the

boto

see

if

they

are

right.把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。

My

handwriting

can

not

be

compared

with

my

father’s我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。2)．vt.喻为；比拟。compare…to…表示“把……比做……（异类相比，比喻）”如：Man’s

life

is

often

compared

do

a

candle.人生常被比为蜡烛。Shakespeare

compared

the

world

to

a

stage.莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。知识拓展compared

to

/with与……相比,只能作状语

Compared

to

/with

many

women,

she

was

indeedvery

fortunate.3.How

has

this

come

about

and

does

it

matter?come

about

:

发生，造成 相当于happenWhen

Mother

woke

up,

she

didn’t

know

whathad

come

about.I’ll

never

understand

how

it

came

about

thatwere

late

three

times

a

week.你知道那次空难是怎么发生的吗?Do

you

know

how

the

air

accident

came

about?随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。With

the

use

of

electricity,

great

changes

hcome

about.4.

There

is

no

doubt

that….一、作不可数名词,作"疑惑;怀疑”①肯定句中doubt多接whether(一般不用if代替同位语从句。如:There"s

some

doubtw_h_e_t_h_e_r

he"ll

keep

hispromise.他会不会信守诺言还难说。She

had

her

doubts

w_h_e_t_h_e_r

the

new

book

woulsell

well.她怀疑新书是否会畅销。②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如:There

is

no

doub

th_a_t

they

will

ask

youfor

help.毫无疑问,他们会请你帮忙的。I

have

no

doubtt_h_a_t_

you

will

succeed.我毫不怀疑你会成功的。二、作及物动词常用于下列句型中,作"怀疑;不能肯定;不大相信"解,一般不用进行时态。①用于否定句或疑问句,后接that引导的宾语从句。如:I

don"t

doubth_a_t

he

is

telling

the

truth.我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。Do

you

doubt

_t_h_a_the

will

win

the

match?你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗?②用于肯定句,一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:I

doubt

w_h_e_t_h

er_/_i_f_we

will

make

a

profit

outof

it.我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。We

doubt

w_h_e_t_h_e_r_/_isfhe

will

be

persuaded.我们不知道她会不会被说服。5.subscribe

to

同意;赞成；订购常用于疑问句和否定句I’ve

never

subscribed

to

the

theory

thatpeople

are

more

important

than

animals.我从来没有同意过人比动物更重要的理论。I

don’t

subscribe

to

the

idea

that

moneybrings

happiness.我不同意金钱能带来快乐的观点。6…it

is

human

activity

that

has

caused

thisglobal

warming

rather

than

a

random

butnatural

phenomenon.……全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。It

is…that…是强调句式，被强调部分是

human

activity,强调全球转暖的原因是认为的。rather在这里的意思是“在更大的车高度上”，与than连用，可以译为“不是…,而是…”。类似的用法有：The

parents

should

be

punished

rather

thanthe

boy.改受到惩罚的是那男孩的父母而不应当是男孩。7.

Some

byproducts

of

this

process

are

called“greenhouse”

gases,

the

most

important

obeing

carbon

dioxide.the

most

important

one

being

carbon

dioxid是一个独立主格结构，由名词+分词构成，

在句中做补充说明或伴随的状况。_T_i_m_e_p_e_r_m_i_t_t_i_n_g

(时间允许的话)，I

willshow

you

around

the

city.T_o_d_a_y

b_e_i_n_g_S_u_n_d_a_y

(今天是星期天)，Idon’t

have

to

go

to

work.N_o_b_o_dy_h_a_v_i_n_g_a_n_y

m_o_r_e_t_o

s_a_y_(没有人要说的话)，the

meeting

was

closed.8.Without

the

‘green

house

effect’,

the

earwould

be

about

thirty-three

degrees

Celsiuscooler

than

it

is.这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,but

for，but

that，otherwise，or，but等。

Without

your

help(=If

we

had

not

had

your

helwe

could

not

have

succeeded．要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。But

for

electricity

(=

If

there

were

noelectricity)，there

would

be

no

modemindustry．要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。He

was

having

a

meeting

with

his

studentsotherwise

he

would

have

come.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。He

felt

very

tired

yesterday,

or

hewould

have

attended

the

party．他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。quantity量quantity

of大量的eg:就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。He

prefers

quantity

to

quality

when

food

isconcerned.quantity也可以用作可数名词，表示“数量”

Police

found

a

large

quantity

of

illegal

dru警方发现了大量违禁药品。9.It

means

that

more

heat

energy

tends

to

betrapped

in

the

stmosphere

causing

the

globtemperature

to

go

up.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。动词tend后面跟不定式，表示“有…的倾向，有…的习惯”，或译为”倾向于，趋于”。如：It

tends

to

snow

heavily

here

in

winter.这里的冬天往往雪下的很大。trap诱捕;使陷入困境；留住。如：Sand

and

leaves

trapped

the

water

in

thestream.沙石和树叶淤住了溪流。They

finally

trapped

the

mouse

in

a

cage.最后，他们用罩子把老鼠逮住了。10.go

up

上升；增长。如：The

temperature

in

this

area

has

goneup

2

degrees

than

that

at

the

sametime

last

year.这个地区的气温比去年通义时期上升了两度。11.

result

inresult

in结果;致使;导致主语：起因

in

的宾语：结果Acting

before

thinking

always

reisnults

fai做事不先考虑总会导致失败。The

accident

resultiend

the

death

of

two

peo这场意外事故造成两人死亡。result

from起于,由于,由…引起，主语：结果

from

的宾语：起因His

sickness

resultferdo_m

eating

too

mu12.

state

v.陈述，声明；staten.

状况，情况；国家；+n.+that从句+wh-从句；可用于被动结构，也可用过去分词作定语。state+n.+that从句+wh-从句；他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。He

has

publiclyst_a_t_e_d_

_h_i_s

s_u_p_p_o_rtfor

the

policy.我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。I

heard

the

official

state

that

they

would

not

accept3.合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。The

contract

stated

when

the

work

should

be

finished.n.状况，情况；国家eg:她今天心情不好。She

is

in

a

terrible

state

today.eg:国家首脑the

head

of

state13.

rangev.排列,使成行；偏袒，站在…的方面。n.范围(尤指从…到…各种种类,可供选择的范围等，可加不定冠词)；排列beyond

the

range

of…超越……的范围

out

of

one’s

range某人达不到的

这家商店商品品种多。The

shop

keeps_a_w_i_d_e

r_a_n_g_e_o_f_g_o_o_d_s

.Sediment(沉淀物)builds

up

on

the

ocean

floorcollect累积,收集14.Greenhouse

gases

continue

to

build

up

in

tatmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。build

up

逐步建立，增加，增进

build

up

one’s

fortun累e

积财富

build

up

one’s

strengt养h

精蓄锐

build

up

the

business扩大,发展This

built

up

my

hope

after

the

interview.增加,支持,树立15.Even

if

we

start

reducing

the

amount

ocarbon

dioxide

and

other

gr