TOEFL阅读TP24文本解析下载一（小马官方版）

全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-TOEFLTPO24文本解析下载一（小马官方版TPOTOEFLTPO24TPO24-1-1原文：LakeWheredoesthewaterinalakecomefrom,andhowdoeswaterleaveit?Waterentersalakefromsoakingintothebedofthelake,andbyevaporation.Somuchisobvious.entersandleavesbyeachroute?Discoveringtheinputsandoutputsofriversisamatteroffortheothersourcesofwaterloss.Forthemajorityoflakes,certainlythosesurroundedbyword"net":measuringtheactualamountsofgroundwaterseepageintothelakeandoutofthelakeisamuchmorecomplicatedmatterthanmerelyinferringtheirdifference.apondinhillycountrythatmaintainsasteadywaterlevelallthroughadrysummerinspiteofhavingnostreamsflowingintoitmustobviouslybeseepagedominated.Conversely,apondwithastreamflowinginoneendandouttheother,whichdriesupwhenthestreamdriesup,isclearlysurfacewaterdominated.全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-Bywhatevermeans,alakeisconstantlygainingwaterandlosingwater:itswaterdoesnotjustsitthere,or,anyway,notforlong.Thisraisesthematterofalake’sresidencetime.Theresidencetimeistheaveragelengthoftimethatanyparticularmoleculeofwaterremainsinthelake,anditiscalculatedbydividingthevolumeofwaterinthelakebytherateatwhichwaterleavesthelake.Theresidencetimeisanaverage;thetimespentinthelakebyagivenmolecule(ifwecouldfollowitsfate)woulddependontherouteittook:itmightflowthroughaspartofthefastest,mostdirectcurrent,oritmightcircleinabackwaterforanindefinitelylongtime.timesfortheGreatLakesofNorthAmerica,namely,LakesSuperior,Michigan,Huron,Erie,andshallow-lessthan20metersonaverage.Agivenlake’sresidencetimeisbynomeansafixedquantity.Itdependsontherateatwhichwaterentersthelake,andthatdependsontherainfallandtheevaporationrate.Climaticchange(theresultofglobalwarming?)isdramaticallyaffectingtheresidencetimesofsomelakesinnorthwesternOntario,Canada.Intheperiod1970to1986,rainfallintheareadecreasedfrom1,000millimetersto650millimetersperannum,whileabove-averagetemperaturesspeededuptheevapotranspirationrate(therateatwhichwaterislosttotheatmospherethroughevaporationandtheprocessesofplantlife).Theresulthasbeenthattheresidencetimeofoneofthelakesincreasedfrom5to18yearsduringthestudyperiod.Theslowingdownofwaterrenewalleadstoachainoffurtherconsequences;itcausesdissolvedchemicalstobecomeincreasinglyconcentrated,andthis,inturn,hasamarkedeffectonalllivingthingsinthelake.lakefrominflowingrivers,fromunderwaterseepsandsprings,fromoverlandflowoffthesurroundingland,andfromrainfallingdirectlyonthelakesurface.Waterleavesalakeviaoutflowingrivers,bysoakingintothebedofthelake,andbyevaporation.SomuchisThephraseSomuchinthepassagerefersthenegativeeffectsofoverlandflow,rain,andevaporationonriverwaterwaterthatalakelosestooutflowingrivers,tothelakebed,andtotheimportanceofriverstothemaintenanceoflakewatertheinformationgivenaboutwaysthatwatercanenterorexitaofmeasuringthedischargesofeveryinflowingandoutflowingstreamandriver.Thenexchangeswiththeatmospherearecalculatedbyfindingthedifferencebetweenthegainsfromrain,asword"net":measuringtheactualamountsofgroundwaterseepageintothelakeandoutofthelakeisamuchmorecomplicatedmatterthanmerelyinferringtheirdifference.Thewordgainsinthepassageisclosestinmeaning全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemovementofwaterintoaHeavyrainaccountsformostofthewaterthatentersintoRainfallreplacesapproximatelytheamountofwaterlostthroughOverlandflowintolakesisreducedbythepresenceofSeepagehasasmallereffectonwaterlevelthananyotherWhydoestheauthorusethephraseNotetheword"net"intheToemphasizetheimpactofseepageonwaterTopointoutthatseepageiscalculateddifferentlyfromriverflowsandatmosphericTocomparethedifferentmethodsofcalculatingToemphasizethedifficultyofobtainingspecificvaluesforseepageinputsandparagraph3:Onceallthisinformationhasbeengathered,itbecomespossibletojudgewhetheralake’sflowismainlyduetoitssurfaceinputsandoutputsortoitsundergroundinputsandsummerinspiteofhavingnostreamsflowingintoitmustobviouslybeseepagedominated.driesup,isclearlysurfacewaterdominated.ThewordConverselymeaningontheotherinthesame全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-inotheronAccordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesaseedominatedAlakethatisfedbystreamsbutstillhasfluctuatingwaterAlakewithaconstantwaterlevelthathasnostreamsorriversasAlakewithastreamflowingintoitandastreamflowingoutofAlakethathassurfaceandundergroundinputsbutloseswaterduringdrywecouldfollowitsfate)woulddependontherouteittook:itmightflowthroughaspartofthefastest,mostdirectcurrent,oritmightcircleinabackwaterforanindefinitelylongItcanbeinferredfromparagraph4thatthelengthoftimeagivenmoleculeofwaterremainsinalakedependsentirelyupontheaveragespeedofalake'scanbemeasuredbythevolumeofthelakecanbegreaterorlesserthantheresidenceissimilartothelengthoftimeallothermoleculesremaininthatparagraph5:Residencetimesvaryenormously.Theyrangefromafewdaysforsmalllakesuptoseveralhundredyearsforlargeones;LakeTahoe,inCalifornia,hasaresidencetimeof700years.TheresidencetimesfortheGreatLakesofNorthAmerica,namely,LakesSuperior,Huron,Erie,andOntario,are,respectively,190,100,22,2.5,and6years.LakeErie’sisthelowest:althoughitsareaislargerthanLakeOntario’s,itsvolumeislessthanone-thirdasgreatbecauseitissoshallow-lessthan20metersonaverage.Accordingtoparagraph5,LakeErie'sresidencetimeislowerthanLakeOntario'sforwhichofthefollowingreasons?LakeEriehasalargerareathanLakeLakeOntarioisshallowerthanLakeLakeOntariohasagreatervolumethanLakeLakeEriereceiveslessrainfallthanLakeWhydoestheauthordiscusstheGreatLakesinparagraphTodemonstratetheextenttowhichresidencetimesvaryfromlaketoToillustratehowresidencetimesarecalculatedforspecificToarguethattheresidencetimeofalakeincreaseswithToemphasizethatLakeTahoe'sresidencetimeisunusuallychange(theresultofglobalwarming?)isdramaticallyaffectingtheresidencetimesofsomeandthis,inturn,hasamarkedeffectonalllivingthingsinthelake.全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-ThewordfurtherinthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingexplainstheincreaseinresidencetimeofsomelakesofnorthwesternOntario?TheamountofwaterflowingintothelakeshasTherateofevaporationhasdecreasedmoresharplythantheamountofTherenewalofthelakes'waterhasslowedduetochangesinPlantshaverequiredlesswaterfromtheAccordingtoparagraph6,residencetimeisaffectedbyallofthefollowingamountofrateoftemperatureofsurroundingconcentrationofchemicalsinlake全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-paragraph3:Onceallthisinformationhasbeengathered,itbecomespossibletojudgewhetheralake’sflowismainlyduetoitssurfaceinputsandoutputsortoitsundergroundinputsanditisaseedominatedlake.[■]Occasionally,commonsensetellsyouwhichofthesetwopossibilitiesapplies.[■]Forexample,apondinhillycountrythatmaintainsasteadywaterlevelallthroughadrysummerinspiteofhavingnostreamsflowingintoitmustobviouslybeseepagedominated.Conversely,apondwithastreamflowinginoneendandouttheother,whichdriesupwhenthestreamdriesup,isclearlysurfacewaterdominated.[■]arepredominantlysurfaceanditsoutputsarepredominantlyseepage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?ClickonasquaretoaddthesentencetotheDirections:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.thepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2Waterenters,remains,andeventuallyleavesalakeinavarietyofBymeasuringItissometimespossibletoTheaverageperiodof○AnswerBymeasuringthewaterquantitiesateachofalake'sinputsandoutputs,itcanbedeterminedwhetherwaterentersthelakemainlyfromsurfaceorgroundwatersources.waterintotheatmosphere.Itissometimespossibletodecidewhetheralakeissurfacewaterdominatedorseepagedominatedbysimpleobservationatdifferentseasons.fromlaketolakeandovertimewithinaparticularlake.Theresidencetimesofsurface-water-dominatedlakesareusuallylongerthanthoseofseedominatedlakes.Theresidencetimeofalakefrequentlydependsonthekindsoforganismstobefoundinthe23412331234全国免费咨询电话：全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-4BymeasuringItissometimespossibletoTheaverageperiodofobviousgainlossincrease，B。第三题，Ｃ，推断题。哪一个可以被推断出来，关于水进入湖的运动。此题关键词