牛津高中英语M2U3-Grammar-and-usage

GrammarandusageUnit3PastperfecttenseStep1

Self-studyGuidanceLearningaims

1.Reviewthebasictenseformslearnedbefore.2.Learnandmastertheimportantgrammar

itemsofthepastperfecttense.3.Finishsomerelativeexercisestopractise

whatwehavelearned.4.Improveourabilityofusingthegrammar

itemscorrectlywiththeteacher’shelp.Self-studyoutlineandrequirements1.Reviewthebasictenseformslearnedbefore.2.

Analyzethe

sentencesgiveninthestudyplan.3.Finishthetasksinfiveminutes.动词时态表Step2

Self-studyChecking动词时态表am/is/aredoinghas/havebeendoinghaddonewill/shalldowill/shallbedoingwould/should

doBythe1920s,hehadbecomean…Upontheirenteringthetomb,Carter’sluckypetbird,whichhehadleftinCairo,wasswallowedbyasnake.AfewmonthsafterCarterhadopenedthetomb,...Lead-in：PastperfecttenseHowcanweformthepastperfect?had+verb-ed

Step3

Groupwork&ExpansionTheusageofthepastperfectUpontheirenteringthetomb,Carter’sluckypetbird,whichhehadleftinCairo,wasswallowedbyasnake.CarterlefthisluckypetbirdinCairo.Carter’sluckypetbirdwasswallowedbyasnake.PastPresentWhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.HehadleftwhenIarrived.Shetoldmethatshehadwrittenanewnovel.IfoundthewatchwhichIhadlost.总结一:过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去〞。这是一个相对的时态,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。Bytheendoflastyear,myfatherhadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.Bysixo’clockhehadworkedelevenhours.Theusageofthepastperfect总结二:

过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。Ihadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.Theyhadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.Theusageofthepastperfect总结三:

动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Itwasthethirdtimethatshehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.Itwasthemostinterestingnovelthat

Ihadeverread.Theusageofthepastperfect总结四:

过去完成时还可用在hardly(scarcely)…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…,Itwasthemost...that...等固定句型中。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.Ifhe

hadcomeearlier,hewouldn’thavemissedthefirstbus.Theusageofthepastperfect总结五:

用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。If条件句使用haddone,主句用would(should,could,might)

+havedone的形式。

BeforeshecametoChina,AmyhadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.

Tomhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasseven.

Theusageofthepastperfect总结六:过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect?HowardCarterisoneofthemostfamousexplorerstheworldhaseverknown.PastPresentFutureHowardCarterbecamefamous.Summary:Thepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventinconnectionwiththepresenttime.Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect?PastPresentGeorgeGouldhadbeentothetomb.Hecaughtahighfeveranddied.GeorgeGouldhadbeentothetombbeforehecaughtahighfeveranddied.Summary:ThePastPerfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalkaboutanevenearlierevent.Step4

Immediatetest用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1.Bythetimewegottotheairport,theplane___________(take)off.2.Thechildren__________(have)thebookfortwoweeksbeforetheyreturnedittothelibrary.3.He__________(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.4.WhenIwokeupthismorning,Ifoundthatit____________(stop)snowing.5.Theboy____________(notwatch)themoviebecausehehadwatchedittwice.

hadtakenhadhadhadstudiedhadstoppeddidn’twatch

6.Katetoldmethatitwasthesecondtimethatshe___________(go)skating.7.WhenJim___________(come)toChinatwoyearsago,hefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe__________(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.8.IsawHanMeiyesterday.We__________(notsee)eachothersinceweleftBeijing.9.Ifyou____________(work)harder,youwouldhavepassedtheexamination.10.Nosoonerhadwegottherethanit____________(begin)torain.hadgonecamehadlearnedhadn’tseenhadworkedbegan

Anotheramazingperson

—Amelia

Earhart

Whathappenedtoher?ReadthenotesaboutAmeliaEarhartonPage49.CompletethestoryonPage49.

AmeliaEarhartwasbornon24July1897.Shehadanexcitingchildhood.BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines,she⑴_____already_____

herfirstairplane.She⑵_______toChicago,sixyearslater.SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying.She⑶______already_______

flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane.Thenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow.In1929,sheorganizedanairraceforwomen.Ayearearlier,she⑷______________

thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic.hadseenmovedhadtakenhadbecome

ShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931.They⑸_________threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork.In1932,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic.On1June1937,she⑹____________herround-the-worldflight.TheflightwentwellinJune.ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th.She⑺_____________flyingnearlyamonthearlier. WhenthebasetriedtogetintouchwithAmeliaat9.30p.m.0n2July1937,she⑻_____already________missing.hadmetstartedhadstartedhadgoneThesimplepasttenseorthepastperfecttense?WhentheTitanicwasbuilt,peopleassumeditwouldneversink.So,whenitsankonitsfirstjourneythenews(1)__________(surprise)everyonegreatly.TheTitanicwasbuiltinBelfast,Ireland.Itsmakers(2)_________(spend)agreatdealofmoneybuildingtheextraordinaryship.Whenitwasfinished,itwasthelargestandmostcomfortableshipeverbuilt.TheTitanicsetsailon10April1912.‘I(3)_________(want)tosetfootontheTitaniceversinceitwasbuilt,’saidMollyBrown,aTitanicsurvivor.‘Ineverimagineditwouldsink!’On13April,theTitanicwassailingatfullspeedtowardsNewYork.surprisedspenthadwantedThecaptain,who(4)_____________(receive)warningsabouticebergsallday,hadmissedthewarningsasthey(5)__________(arrive).At2.20a.m.,theTitanicsankintothesea.It(6)__________(hit)anicebergjustovertwohoursbefore.Ofthe2,208peopleaboardtheship,only705(7)___________(survive).ExplorerRobertBallard(8)____________(search)fortheTitanicformorethan20yearsbeforehefoundit.‘Whennewtechnologywasdeveloped,we(9)________(use)ittosendcamerasdownintosea.Finally,wefoundtheship.’Withhiscameras,hewasabletofindtheholealongthesideoftheshipwhich(10)__________(cause)ittofillwithwaterandsink.hadreceivedarrivedhadhithadsearchedusedhadcausedsurvivedSummary:

Whethertousethesimplepasttenseorthepastperfecttensedependsonthesequence(先后顺序)

oftheevents.

Anotheramazingperson—CaiLun

Whatdidhesay?Andwhatdidhedo?ReadthesentencesonPage51andthencompletethearticle.Theinventorofpaper