2023学年完整公开课版不定式专题

动词不定式1构成2功能3时态4语态5省略6注意事项一、动词不定式的构成一、动词不定式及不定式短语的构成主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing----------1.构成方式：2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not(或never)构成，例如：

nottogohome

nottohavestudied

nottobestudying

nottohavebeendone动词不定式前有时可加某些疑问词

如：who,what,which,when,

where,how,why等，构成一种特殊

的不定式短语，如

whattodo

next,

howtogetthere,

wheretogetthebooks等。

二、动词不定式的句法功能1、主语2、宾语3、表语4、定语5、状语6、宾语补足语7、插入语动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主语

宾语表语

定语

状语

宾补Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects高考题汇集：注意*2、动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.Itispossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.常用it作形式主语的句型有：2.Itisa/an+n(crime,mistake,pity,shame,goodidea)+todostheg:Itisanoffencetotakephotoshere.3.Ittakes+…todosth

eg:Itwouldtakeyearstorebuildthecastle.注意*3、不定式的复合结构有时为了说明不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加for/ofsb.

引起的短语，构成for/ofsbtodosth.

结构，其中的sb.

是不定式发出者即逻辑主语。★

如果前面的形容词是表示人的品行的，如：kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever…….则由of取代for

。1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(NMET99)tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake2.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.（上海98）beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.动词不定式做定语应注意：1、动词不定式作定语要放在被修饰词之后Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?如被修饰词和作定语的不定式没有直接的动宾关系，不定式后应有相应的介词Ihavenochairtositin.2、当句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的动词不定式用主动形式表被动Ihavegotalotofthingstodealwith.Haveyougotanythingtoeat?不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。这时常用主动形式表被动意思。adverbial(状语)1、表示目的,常用结构为：

(not)todosth.

(not)inordertodosth.

soas(not)todosth.

e.g.Weeattoliveanddon’tlivetoeat.2、表示结果

(so/such…asto.,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto)另外，only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果,Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.3、表示原因

不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有:

sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.动词不定式做状语应注意：1.Inorderto和soasto…意义上没区别，但soasto…不能置于句首2.adj/adv+enough（forsb）to…3.too+adj/adv+to…有肯定与否定Thechildistooyoungtodresshimself.否定Sheistooanxious(ready/easy/eager/glad)toknowtheresults.肯定不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：

anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing…Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的too…to…结构中，too的含义为very，不定式没有否定含义。I’monlytoogladtostayathome.It’snevertoooldtolearn.5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(NMET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET97)tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking不定式