嵌入式系统概述-南台科技大學知識分享平台EshareInfo

EmbeddedSystemDesignClass:InternationalgraduatestudentInstructor:Wei,Chao-Huang(魏兆煌)Office:S706-3E-Mail:MobilePhone:0930-937-932Skype:drwei06CourseScheduleHardwareDesign(VHDL&SchematicEntry)SoftwareDesign(Microprocessor&C)HW&SWCo-designSmallRealTimeOperatingSystemEthernetNetwork

FinalProjectReferenceBooks&Webpage"DigitalDesignwithCPLDApplicationsandVHDL",RobertK.Dueck,Thomson.Anybookabout"CLanguageand8051Microprocessor".DesignEntryandSynthesisTools(QuartusII):

EmbeddedSystemDesign: :///~vahid/courses/122a_f99/index.htmlContentWhatareembeddedsystemsHistoryanddevelopmentofembeddedsystemsCompositionofembeddedsystemsCharacteristicofembeddedsystemsEmbeddedsystemhardwaredevelopmentEmbeddedsystemsoftwaredevelopment1.Whatareembeddedsystems?Definition:Embeddedsystem:anydevicethatincludesaprogrammablecomputerbutisnotitselfageneral-purposecomputer.DataprocessingsystemsexceptPCsandmainframecomputers.Embeddedsystemsare

applicationdedicatedcomputingsystem.AMoreDetailedDefinitionEmbeddedsystemareapplicationorienteddevices,whichshouldbeoptimizedwithhardwareandsoftwareresources.Aspecialcomputingsystemwithdemandof

functionality,reliability,cost,size,andpowerconsumption.Generally,anembeddedsystemconsistsof4parts--embeddedmicroprocessor,peripheralhardware

equipment,embeddedoperatingsystemanduser'sapplicationprogram，usedforrealizingthefunctions,suchascontrolonotherequipment,monitoringormanagement.EmbeddingacomputerExample:DigitalcameraMicrocontrollerCCDpreprocessorPixelcoprocessorA2DD2AJPEGcodecDMAcontrollerMemorycontrollerISAbusinterfaceUARTLCDctrlDisplayctrlMultiplier/AccumDigitalcamerachiplensCCDInputinterfaceOutputdisplayDigitalsignalprocessorCentralprocessorSoftwareArchitectureApplicationSoftwareHardwarePDA:HandspringVisorHardwareSpecs:

OperatingSystemProcessor:33MHzMotorolaDragonballVZ(16-bit)Memory:8MBRAM,2MROMDisplay:160x160pixel,High-ResB&W,4-bit(16shadesofgray)

.TouchPanelBattery:2AAAbatteriesPCConnection:USB,IrDA,UARTExpansionSlot:PCMCIAHigh-EndEmbeddedSystem

ExamplesPersonaldigitalassistant(PDA).Printer.Cellphone.Automobile:engine,brakes,aircondition,etc.AudioVideoRecorder/Player.Householdappliances.PCKeyboard/Mouse.ReferenceInterpretation(1)An"embeddedsystem"isanycomputersystemorcomputingdevicethatperformsadedicatedfunctionorisdesignedforusewithaspecificembeddedsoftwareapplication.EmbeddedsystemsmayuseaROM-basedoperatingsystemortheymayuseadisk-basedsystem,likeaPC.Butanembeddedsystemisnotusableasacommerciallyviablesubstituteforgeneralpurposecomputersordevices.ReferenceInterpretation(2)Aspecializedcomputersystemthatispartofalargersystemormachine.Typically,anembeddedsystemishousedonasinglemicroprocessorboardwiththeprogramsstoredinROM.Virtuallyallappliancesthathaveadigitalinterface--watches,microwaves,VCRs,cars--utilizeembeddedsystems.Someembeddedsystemsincludeanoperatingsystem,butmanyaresospecializedthattheentirelogiccanbeimplementedasasingleprogram.ReferenceInterpretation(3)Theembeddedsystemcanbedividedintochip,board,andsystemlevel.Systemonchip

－Processorincludingtheprocedureorthealgorithminonechip.Systemonboard－boardcontainssomecoremodule.Systemonsystem－inmaincomputingsystem.1.2HistoryanddevelopmentofembeddedsystemsFirstmicroprocessorswaspresentedin1971,itmarksthebeginningoftheembeddedsystem.Viewhistoryofembeddedsystemsfrom4respects:HardwareSoftwareProductsSystemarchitectureHistoryofembeddedhardware1971:Intel4004,4-bitmicroprocessorTI,TMS1000,4-bitmicrocontrollerROM,RAM,CPU+I/Oport1980:IntelMCS-51,8microcontroller16-bit,32-bitmicroprocessor…1990’s,DSPTMS320C30Classificationandtermoftheembeddedprocessor(1)Micro-ControllerUnit

(MCU)i.e.Singlechip.Theearlyprocessorthatintegratedthewholecomputerinachip,theinsidehasacertainprocessorunitasthecore,andprograminROM.SomeessentialperipheralhardwaresuchasRAM,bus,buslogic,timer/counter,I/O,serialport,A/D,D/Aconverter,etc.arealsointegrated.Intel8051Micro-ProcessorUnit

(MPU)TheMPUmustbeassembledwithotheressentialperipheralhardwaretogetheronacircuitboardtocarryouttheembeddedfunction.ARMseries，MIPSClassificationandtermoftheembeddedprocessor(2)DigitalSignalProcessor(DSP)Thesystemstructureandinstructionsarespecialdesigned,thatmakesitsuitedtocarryingouthighspeeddigitalsignalprocessingalgorithm.TITMS320C30->System-on-Chip(SoC)Mixtheimportantprocessorkernelandvariousperipheraltogetheronachip,canreducetheconsumptionpowerandchipsizefurther.IntelPCAarchitecture:PXA255MicroprocessorvarietiesMicrocontroller:includesI/Odevices,on-boardmemory.Digitalsignalprocessor(DSP):microprocessoroptimizedfordigitalsignalprocessing.Typicalembeddedwordsizes:8-bit,16-bit,32-bit.HistoryofembeddedsoftwareProcedurecontrolandmonitoringOperatingsystem1981,EmbeddedrealtimekernelVTRX321990’s,QNX-4pSOS,VxWorks,PalmOS,WinCE,EmbeddedLinux,LynxOS,uCOS,Nucleus…ArchitecturedevelopsofembeddedsystemHardwaresystem4-bitsinglechip8-bit/16-bitsinglechip32-bitspecialpurposemicroprocessor32-bitDSPSoCSoPCSoftwaresystemReal-timecontrol/monitoringprocedureDedicatesystemGeneralpurposesystemIA&EmbeddedSystemInformationApplianceAnappliancespecializingininformation:Knowledge,facts,graphics,images,video,orsound.Aninformationapplianceisdesignedtoperformactivity,suchasmusic,photography,orwriting.Adistinguishingfeatureofinformationapplianceistheabilitytoshareinformationamongthemselves.(DonNorman)IA&EmbeddedSystem(cont’d)ThecoreoftheIAmachineisanembeddedsystemThecostofaIAmachineisdependsoncostofembeddedsystemTheusabilityofaIAmachineisdependsonsoftwareofembeddedsystemThedevelopmentoftheIAmachineisfollowedwiththetrendofembeddedsystem1.4BasicconstructionofanembeddedsystemProcessorI/OI/OSoftwareStorageInputOutputFundamentalhardwareandsoftware

elementsHardwareEmbeddedprocessorMemory/StorageCircuitsandpowersupplyInterfacecontrollerandconnectorSoftwareRealtimeoperatingsystem(RTOS)BoardSupportPackage〔BSP〕DeviceDriverProtocolStackApplicationprogramsTypicalembeddedsystemhardwarearchitecture

SmallWebenabledembeddedsystemTypicalembeddedsystemsoftwarearchitecture(VxWorks)Softwaretools,applicationprogramsVxWorksLibrariesTCP/IPI/OSystemWindkernelBSPFileSystemSCSIDriverNetworkDriverHardwaredependentSoftwareEthernetControllerSerialControllerClockTimerSCSIControllerHardwareHardwareIndependentSoftwareEmbeddedOperatingSystemWheretouseMulti-TaskConvenientuser'sinterfaceNetworkfunctionUpgradeandadvancedevelopmentBasicfunctionsofoperatingsystemSchedulingofmulti-taskMemorymanagementHardwareresourcemanagementEmbeddedLinuxBasiccomponents:BootloaderLinuxkernelFurther:HardwaredriversApplicationprogramsFilesystemsbasedonROMorRAMTCP/IPstackGUIReal-timeoperationMustfinishoperationsbydeadlines.Hardrealtime:missingdeadlinecausesfailure.Softrealtime:missingdeadlineresultsindegradedperformance.Manysystemsaremulti-rate:musthandleoperationsatwidelyvaryingrates.ExperimentboardofthiscourseExpansionConnectorsMicroprocessor8051familyUARTtoPCProgramableLogicchipNon-functionalrequirementsManyembeddedsystemsaremass-marketitemsthatmusthavelowmanufacturingcosts.Limitedmemory,microprocessorpower,etc.Powerconsumptioniscriticalinbattery-powereddevices.Excessivepowerconsumptionincreasessystemcosteveninwall-powereddevices.DesignteamsOftendesignedbyasmallteamofdesigners.Oftenmustmeettightdeadlines.6monthmarketwindowiscommon.Can’tmissback-to-schoolwindowforcalculator.1.6EmbeddedsystemsoftwaredevelopmentProgrammingLanguagesAssemble,C,Java…CrosscompilerAkindprogram,whichcompilestheexecutioncodeoftargetmachineonanotherhostmachine.ProcedureofdevelopmentDebugTargetBoardSystemImageFile.objFileC/AssembleSourceCodeLibraryLinkerCrossCompilerReset&DownloadOSkernelDeviceDriverDownloadandDebuggingofexecutioncodeDevelopmentPlatformTargetPlatformDownloadexecutioncodeReturndebuginformationDebuggingmethodofembeddedsystemsLEDSimulatorICE(In-CircuitEmulator)EmbeddedICEbasedonJtaginterfaceLogicanalyzerSimulatorSimulatorASoftwarebasedonhostcomputertotally,Simulatefunctionsandinstructionsoftargetmachine.CharacteristicSimpleandexecutable

Lackonlinefunctiondebugandreal-timeemulationCanimitatethetargetprocessoronly,itisunabletoimitatethefunctionaboutI/OoftheprocessorCommonusedasprimarydebuggingtool.ICEICE:In-CircuitEmulatorThetraditionmethodfortestingtheprintedcircuitboard.ICEisaspecialdevice.IthasspecialclipsorconnectorstotoucheachpinofthespecificCPUchip,andcanmonitorthelogiclevelonthisCPUchip.BecausetheintegratedleveloftheICisimprovingconstantly,thepinofthechipisincreasingalso.Inaddition,thesurfacemounttechnology

reducesthechipsize.So,itisddifficulttouseroutineonlineemulationway…EmbeddedICE EmbeddedICE:asetofdebuggingregistersIBCR(InstructionBreakControlRegister)DBAR(DataBreakAddressRegister)…JTAGInterfaceJTAG(JointTestActionGroup)hasdefinedastandardofboundaryscan,needonly5pinstorealizethefunctionofonlineemulation.

ARMarchitectureprocessorshaveembeddedICEunit,whichcanbeconnectedwiththeJTAGinterface.Meanwhile,inordertotracethefunctioninrealtime,ARMprocessorembeddedatracingunitimplicitlythatenablesrealtimedebugthroughalogicanalyzer.ARMdebuggingsystemEmbeddedSystemDesignTop-downdesign:startfrommostabstractdescription;worktomostdetailed.Bottom-updesign:workfromsmallcomponentstobigsystem.Realdesignusesbothtechniques.LevelsofabstractionrequirementsspecificationarchitecturecomponentdesignsystemintegrationStructureofthiscourseNot