8B Unit 4 知识点梳理%26配套双基

./八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习学校：风中学出卷教师：汪晓清Unit4ANewNewspaper知识点梳理：I词组soonafter 不久之后publishanewspaper 出版一份报纸holdameeting 举行会议writeareportaboutsth.forsb. 就某事写一篇报告给某人afterschool 放学后atthenextmeeting 在下一次会议上decidetodo 决定做某事electsb.tobesth. 选某人做…thechiefeditor 主编voteforsb. 投票给某人takechargeof 负责…ought<not>to=should<not> 应该askforsuggestions 征求建议class/schoolnewspaper 班/校报theReadingClub 读书俱乐部takenotes 做记录,做笔记differentsectionsofthenewspaper 报纸的不同栏目talksth.overwithsb.=discusssth.withsb. 与某人讨论某事makealistofsth. 列出…的清单befreetosb. 对某人是免费的paysb.moneyforsth. 为…付给某人钱havedifferentideas 意见各异abitlonger <时间>久一点makeadecisionaboutsth. 做决定agreetodo 同意做某事agreewithsb. 同意某人agreeonsth. 在…上达成一致concludethemeeting 结束会议inoneweek’stime=inaweek 一个星期后II.词性转换consider<v.>考虑 <in>considerate<a.><不>体谅人的publish<v.>出版 publishing<n.>出版 publisher<n.>出版者<社>edit<v.>编辑 editor<n.>编辑 choice<n.>入选者 choose–chose–chosen<v.> 选择vote<v.>投票 voter<n.>投票人elect<v.>选举 elector<n.>选举人 election<n.>选举suggest<v.>提议 suggestion<n.>建议experience<n.>经验 experienced<a.>有经验的brief<a.>简短的 briefly<ad.>简短地decide<v.>决定 decision<n.>决定conclude<v.>结束 conclusion<n.>结论responsible<a.>有责任的 responsibility<n.>责任<dis>agree<v.><不>同意 <dis>agreement<n.><不>同意read<v.>阅读 reader<n.>读者III.语言点1.Soonafterthetermstarted,someGradeEightstudentsatMayfieldSchoolsoonafter意为"不久之后,稍后"。即可作副词短语,用作时间状语；也可作连接词,引导时间状语从句。2.Theyheldameeting.句中的hold作动词,意为"举行"。此处hold可用have代替。3.WeelectedJoycetobethechiefeditor.elect此处意为"选举,推选"。electsb.tobe…意为"选举某人担任…〔职务"也可表示为:electsb.as…4.TonysuggestedthatweshouldchooseJoyce,becauseshehasexperience.句中experience作不可数名词,意为"经验"。当作不可数名词时,意为"经历"。haveexperience可意为beexperienced。5.ThenJoycetookchargeofthemeeting.句中的charge为名词,意为"任务,责任"。常见的搭配有：takechargeof和inchargeof。此处takechargeof与beinchargeof与beresponsiblefor可替换。6.Shesaidthatweoughttoelectasecretarynext.oughtto是个助动词,意为"应该",与should同意。7.Sheaskedforsuggestions.asksb.for….意为"向某人寻求…"suggestion意为"建议",为可数名词；与advice的不同之处在于,advice为不可数名词。8.Joycetoldthemtotalkitoveramongthemselves..句中talksth.over是"详细讨论"的意思,也可用"discusssth."来表示。9.Shoulditbefreetoreaders,orshouldtheypayforit?free意为"免费的",befreetosb.意为"对…免费"payfor意为"付款"。[比较]spend,cost,take,pay<1>spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型：<sb.>spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth.<sb.>spendsomemoney/sometime<in>doingsth.<2>take常用于"占用、花费"时间,其主语通常为形式主语it或物。句式是：Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth＝Sth.takessb.sometime.<3>pay为"付款、赔偿"之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb.payssomemoneyforsth或paysb.<somemoneyforsth>例如：<4>cost的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost<sb.>somemoney。10.Weallhaddifferentideas,andsoJoycesaidthatweshouldthinkaboutthisabitlonger.havedifferentideas意为"意见各异"。abit意为"一点"。1abit不能直接修饰名词,须用abitof。2abit可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级,作程度状语。11.Weagreedtoconcludethemeetingthen.agreetodosomething意为"同意做某事"；agreewith意为"同意,赞成…",后接表示人或意见观点的词；agreeon/upon/about意为"在某方面达成一致意见"。IV.语法情态动词一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句,通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句,not放在情态动词之后,其缩写形式为can’t,mustn’t,needn’t,shouldn’t等。二、主要用法。1.用can,could和beableto表示能力。<1>can意为"能够",否定形式为cannot或can’t。如：Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages.<2>could是can的过去式。因此,对于过去的时间〔如yesterday,lastweek等,我们不用can或can’t,而用could和couldn’t。如：WhenIwasyoung,Icouldrunveryfast.<3>beableto一般可以代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时<could,而beableto则有更多的时态形式。如：Mylittlebrotherhasbeenabletowrite.2.用must与mustn’t,haveto与don’thaveto,needn’t表示义务。<1>must用以表示"必须做某事"或"一定要做某事",具有强制性,表示一定的责任或义务。如：Thewindowsareverydirty.Imustcleanthem.<2>mustn’t是must的否定形式,表示"禁止；绝不允许",具有强制性。如：Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.<3>must没有过去时,要表达过去的含义,我们可使用hadto代替must。此外,haveto侧重这种"义务"或"责任"源于某种客观情况或规定,并非说话者本人能够控制。如：Wemissedthelastbus,sowehadtowalkhome.<4>don’thaveto与needn’t是"不必"的意思,没有强制性。两者意思相近,但在使用时,前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化,而且一般表示现在时间的含义。如：Ithasjustrained,sohedoesn’thavetowaterthegarde<n.>Youneedn’tswiminthesea.Wehaveaswimmingpoolinourhotel.<5>must用于一般疑问句中,其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。如：Mustwegonow?我们一定要走吗？-Yes,wemust.是的,我们一定要走。-No,wemustn’t.不,我们不可以走。MustIfinishtheworkthisweek?我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？-Yes,youmust.是的,你一定要完成。-No,youneedn’t.不,你不一定要完成。从以上例子中可以看出,用must提问的一般疑问句,否定回答并不一定是mustn’t。根据实际含义和情况,我们需要正确选用mustn’t或needn’t来回答。3.用can,could与may表示"许可"。<1>在请求对方的许可,或是准许你做某事时,常用情态动词can,could和may。can最为常用；could较为婉转,更有礼貌；may则比较正式。如：CanIopenthewindow?-Yes,youca<n.>/No,youcan’t.CouldIborrowapencil,please?-Yes,certainly./No,I’mafraidnot.MayIleaveearlytoday?-Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot.<2>表示给予许可时,通常用can或may,而不用could。如：CouldIborrowapencil?-Ofcourseyouca<n.>MayIsithere?-No,youmaynot.4.用can,could与would表示"请求"。当我们需要别人的帮助时,常使用can,could和would这三个情态动词进行提问,但在回答时,could和would则很少使用。如：Canyouopenthewindow?-Yes,Ica<n.>Couldyoupassmethesalt,please?-Yes,certainly.Wouldyouhelpmecarrymysuitcase?-No,I’mafraidnot.常见的肯定回答：OfcourseIca<n.>/OK./Allright.常见的否定回答：I’mafraidIcan’t/Ofcoursenot.5.用must和can’t表示"猜测"。<1>must表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握,意为"肯定；一定"。如：HerflatisverynearXujiahui.Itmustbeverynoisy.<2>can’t表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生,意为"不可能"。如：You’vejusthadlunch.Youcan’tbehungry.6.用should和oughtto表示"义务"和"建议"。<1>should和oughtto表示应该做某事,或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。如：Youshould/oughttoputyourrubbishinthebi<n.><2>oughtto的否定形式为oughtnotto或oughtn’tto。构成疑问句,把ought提前至主语前。如：YououghtnottowatchTVfortoolong.Oughtwetodiscusstheworknow?<3>should和oughtto用在疑问句中时,常用来询问他人的见解或建议。如：OughtItofinishmyhomeworknow?-Yes,yououghtto.<4>should和must的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议,不具备强制性；而后者意为"必须",用于规定或约束他人的行为,具有强制性。如：Youshouldn’tbecrueltoanimals.Youmustn’tparkyoucarhere.Driveitawayimmediately.<5>should和oughtto常与动词think连用。如：IthinkCarolshouldbuysomenewclothes.It’slate.IthinkIoughttogohomenow.宾语从句一、概念。在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。二、语序。宾语从句的构成为"引导词+主语+谓语+其他",其语序是述句语序。三、引导词。1.如从句是述句,用连接词that引导〔that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：Weknow<that>therearetwokindsofsports.2.如从句是特殊提问句,用连接副词why,when,where,how或连接代词who<m>,what,which引导。如：DoyouknowwhyIliketeamsports?Idon’tknowhowtheygotthetickets.3.如从句是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if引导〔口语中常用if。if和whether意为"是否"。如；Idon’tknowwhether/iftheyhavedecidedonthedateofthemeeting.4.如从句是选择疑问句,多用连接词whether引导,特别是与ornot连用时。如：Idon’tknowwhethertheywillcomeforourhelpornot.四、时态。1.如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：ItellhimthatImovedtoBeijinglastyear.Ihaveheardthathewillcomebacknextweek.2.如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。如：Hesaidthattherewerenoclassesyesterday.Tomtoldmethathewouldhaveabirthdayparty.3.如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如：Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.五、从句的简化。1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句可简化为"宾语+宾补"结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlayontheground.--Shefoundthewalletlieontheground.Iheardthatthebirdsweresinginginthetree.--Iheardthebirdssinginginthetree.2.当主语谓语动词是wish,decide,plan,agree,hope等,且主句和从句的主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如：SheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmyMaths.--SheagreedtohelpmewithmyMaths.3.在连接副词/代词引导的宾语从句中,当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为"连接副词/代词+不定式"的结构。如：Ihaven’tdecidedwhenIwillleaveforBeijing.--Ihaven’tdecidedwhentoleaveforBeijing.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?--Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?4.在if或whether引导的宾语从句中,当主句和从句的主语相同时,从句有时也可简化为"whether+不定式"的结构。如：IamnotsureifIwillgowithyou.--Iamnotsurewhethertogowithyou.Hedoesn’tknowwhetherhewillstayhereornot.--Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayhereornot.TestforChapter4I.Choosethebestanswer<选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格。><>1.Everytimewemetdifficulties,weaskedourteachers_______advice. A.about B.for C.of D.with<>2.Theproblemshouldbe_______carefullybeforetheyconcludedthemeeting. A.talkedover B.talkedto C.talkedwith D.talkedabout<>3.TheChinesepeopleexpectthatthe2010EXPO_______successfullyinShanghai. A.willbetakenplace B.willhappen

C.willhold D.willtakeplace<>4.Themembersofthegroup_______metotakechargeof_______notes. A.decided,taking B.elected,taking C.decided,take D.elected,take<>5.Ifyouhavetriedyourbest,you_______worryaboutanything. A.can’t B.needn’tto C.needn’t D.mustn’t<>6.Whowouldliketomakemealist_______theactivitiesyouwilldoduringyoursummerholiday? A.with B.of C.for D.among<>7.Nowthatthenewspaperis_______,whydon’tweeachhaveonecopy? A.brief B.chief C.paid D.free<>8.Wouldyoupleasetellus_______? A.whatyouwillmakeanarrangementtomorrow

B.thatyouwillmakeanarrangementtomorrow

C.howyouwillmakeanarrangementtomorrow

D.howwillyoumakeanarrangementtomorrow<>9.________Tomgraduatedfromhisuniversity,hegotajobasareporter. A.Soonafter B.Since C.As D.Though<>10.Weallagree________whatyousaid.Letdoasyousaid. A.at B.on C.with D.about<>11.Youwillhaveto________thelandlady100dollars________therent. A.cost,on B.spend,in C.use,for D.pay,for<>12.Therearetwentybooksontheshelf.SomeareinEnglish,__________areinChinese. A.others B.theothers C.other D.another<>13.Theteachertoldusthatwe________onaholidaynextweekends. A.go B.went C.willgo D.wouldgo<>14.Shefellillyesterday.Sheis________worsetoday. A.very B.little C.ever D.abit<>15.I_______dotheworkmyself.Noonewantstohelpme.. A.haveto B.can C.mustn’t D.need<>16.Myparentsdecidedto_________metoDisneylandinHongKong.Iamlookingforwardto________withthemsoon. A.take,go B.taking,going C.taking,go D.take,going<>17.Myfatheroften________newspapersatbreakfastwhenheoncelivedinLondon.. A.sees B.looks C.looksat D.reads<>18.A:_________doesyourbrotherdoahaircut?

B:I’mnotclear,maybeonceamonth. A.Howsoon B.Howmuch C.Howoften D.Howlong<>19.Weconsideredthequestionforalongtime.Theunderlinedpartmeans________. A.thought B.solved C.thoughtover D.thoughtof<>20.Ourmeetingconcludedat10p.m..Theunderlinedpartmeans________. A.finish B.cametoanend C.end D.startedII.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsboxintheirproperforms〔用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子1.Theytoldmethattheywouldconsidertheproblemandletusknowtheir___________<decide>.2.Wecanmakea___________<suggest>byasking‘Whynotdosomething’orbysaying‘Let’sdosomething.’3.InChinaandsomeEnglish-speakingcountries,weshakeourheadstoshow___________.<agree>4.I’mthe__________<nine>onefromtheleftinthephoto..5.It’stimeforustofinishour______________.<discuss>6.In___________<briefly>,heisanhonestman.Youcantrusthim.7.Myholidayisfullofdifferentkindsof__________.<experience>8.Theold___________<edit>oftengivessuggestionsabouthowtorunanewspaper.9.ChinaDailyhasalargenumberof__________<read>.10.Hefinishedalltheworkby___________<he>inaweek.III.Rewritethesentencesasrequired〔按要求改写句子,每空格限填一词1.Thenewspaperoughttogiveareportonitindetails.<改为否定句>Thenewspaper____________________togiveareportonitindetails.2.Theroomcanhold100people.<划线提问>____________________peoplecantheroomhold?3.Thepublishinghousepublisheschildren’sbooks.<划线提问>______________________________thepublishhousepublish?4.AllLucy’sfriendsvotedforher.<划线提问>____________________allLucy’sfriendsvote_________?5.Haveyoudecidedwhateventstotakepartin?<改为宾语从句>Couldyoutellme_____________________________decidedwhateventstotakepartin?6.Wehaveanimportantmeetingtoattend,____________________?<改为反意疑问句>7.Thenewshetoldmewasexciting.<改为感叹句>____________________newshetoldme!8.Youmustn’tthrowpaperhereandthere.<改为同义句>You____________________tothrowpaperhereandthere.____________________paperhereandthere.IV.ClozeText:A>Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage〔选择最恰当的单词或词语,完成短文.MostAmericansdon’tliketogetadvicefrommembersoftheirfamily.whentheyneedadvice,theydon’tusuallyaskpeopletheyknow.1,manyAmericanswriteletterstonewspapersandmagazineswhich2adviceonmanydifferentsubjects,including3,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,child4,clothes,and5tobuyahouseoracar.Mostnewspapersgenerallyprintlettersfromreaderswithproblems.Alongwiththeletters,thereareanswers6bypeoplewhoarethoughttoknowhowtosolvesuchproblems.someofthesewritersaredoctors;7arelawyersoreducators.Buttwoofthemostfamouswritersofadvicearewomenwithoutspecialtrainingforthiskindofwork.<>1. A.Instead B.But C.Insteadof D.Though<>2. A.receive B.take C.get D.give<>3. A.situations B.weather C.plans D.familyproblems<>4. A.attend B.care C.nurse D.notice<>5. A.how B.what C.which D.why<>6. A.called B.named C.sent D.written<>7. A.other B.others C.another D.theotherB>Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords〔在短文的空格填入适当的词,使其容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给。Thefirstnewspaperswerew___________byhandandputuponwallsinpublicplaces.TheearliestdailynewspaperwasstartedinRomein59BC.Inthe7thcentury,theworld’sfirstprintednewspaperwasp___________.Europedidn’thavearegularly<有规律地>publishednewspaperu__________1690,whenonwasstartedinGermany.thef___________regularlypublishednewspaperintheEnglishlanguagewaspublishedinLondonandwaspublishedonceaw___________.ThefirstdailyEnglishnewspaperwasthe"DailyCurrent’.ItcameoutinMarch1702.Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspaperhavethelargestcirculation<发行量>inthew__________.ButthelargestcirculationforanewspaperistheJapanesenewspaper‘Asahishimbun’.Its__________morethan11millioncopieseveryday.V.WritingWriteapassageofatleast60wordsonthetopic"Weareproudof…".Suggestedquestions:1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthepersonyouareproudof?2.Whyareyouproudofhimorher?3.Whatcanwelearnfromhimorher?Weareproudof____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________