生活中的优化问题举例 Title

2June2007TanSriFunding&KnowledgeLedGrowth:TheStatusinMalaysia

Director

UniversitiPutraMalaysiaMohamedShariffProsperity/successInnovationtoMarketMeasuredgloballyintoday’seconomyincurrencyofknowledgeSuccessfulcountriesrecognisegreatnessbenefitsderivedfrom:ReadinesstoinnovateToacceptchangeToembracenewideasTotakegreaterriskScience,Technology&InnovationRealdrivingforcesbehindmoderneconomiesEconomiesdependtoalargeextentonthetranslationofscientificdiscoveriesintoviablecommercialpropositionsThisiswhatultimatelydeterminesthepaceofeconomic&societalchangeAndthatinturniswhatcreateswealthMalaysianR&DFunds

MalaysiaYearRinggit(million)Plan 1986-1990 400 1991-1995 600 1996-2000 9038 2001-2005 1413MOSTIAnnualReport2004ResearchinDeveloped&DevelopingCountries

Country%ofGDPR&DBudget[Billion]USA1.2122.5Japan2.520UK112Korea2.95Singapore1.185Malaysia0.750.5SaudiArabia0.110.26Egypt0.340.014Kuwait0.220.07Libya0.10.13ResearchinDeveloped&DevelopingCountries:No.ofR&DStaff

CountryNo.ofR&DstaffPercentageofpopulationJapan1,727,2001.4%UK570,0001.0%USA2,146,0000.7Korea288,0000.6Malaysia33,0000.2Kuwait1760.01ArabWorld15,0000.01%GrossexpenditureonR&D(GERD)-MalaysiaApplicationofpatentandutilityinnovations2001-2006ApplicationsreceivedYearMalaysiaForeignTotal200127156635934200232246154937200337646805056200452249205442200552257646286200653142694800Total22732424826521

Researchoutput

PublishpapersPresentationsatseminars–national&internationalHumanresourcedevelopmentMSc,PhDPatentsPMBudgetspeech2005Encourageresearchers&inventorsby;ProvidingappropriateroyaltyHaveshareincompanycommercialisingR&DproductFlexibilityinestablishingresearch collaborationwithindustryUniversityStrategy-9thMP**DGDeptofHigherEducationStrengthencommercialisationactivitiesIncreaseincubatorsfortechnoentrepreneurshipEstablishexcellentcentresforbiotechnologyUniversityStrategy–9thMP*StrengthenMalaysia’spositionashubforICT&globalmultimediaUM,USM,UKM&UPM–ResearchUniversitiesofworldstandingEquityforresearchersRM400millionforfundamentalresearch*DGDeptofHigherEducationCommercialisationEraAtMinistryofHigherEducation– DivisionofIndustrialRelation&CommercialisationAtUniversities– EstablishmentofCommercialisationCentresMOSTI–CommercialisationDivision

Researchoutput

PublishpapersPresentationsatseminars–national&internationalHumanresourcedevelopmentMSc,PhDPatents

PatentsLabscaletechnologiesMarketableproducts

(prototype)ResearchoutputParadigmshiftUniversityInnovationModelMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)bestmodelforinnovation:–MIT’scharterdirectsInstitutetoWealthCreationOver100technologylicenses/yearAbout20companiesfounded/year>4000companiesfoundedoverallInvolvementinannualsales$230B

Created1,100,000jobsFundsfor:SettingupCo.CommercialisationMarketdevelopmentOpportunitiesunderRM9OpportunitiesunderRM9RM2.9Billion-commercialisationofresearchJointlydevelopproductswithprivatesectorTypeoffundsavailableGrants–nopaybackbutcertaininput(inkindorcash)requiredfromprivatesectorFunds-loanfromMinistryofFinanceorBank12PatentTechTransferFurtherproductdevelopmentProductMarketOpportunitiesFeasibilitystudyProductdevelopmentNewbenefitSafe

Commercial

Production

MarketDevelopmentCollaborationwithindustryCRDF1CRDF2-4TechnofundGaragefund

ProductSalesOpportunitiesforFundsBiotechAcquisitionProgramMatchinggrantallocatedRM60millionFortechnologyacquisitionBiotechnologyCommercialisationFundUndertakenbycompanies&internationalcorporationsFundallocatedRM30million

MalaysianBiotechCorporation-

SeedFunduptoRM2.5millioneachseedorstart-upcostsinsettingupbiotechcompanies

MalaysianBiotechCorporation–

R&DMatchingFunduptoRM1millioneachprovidematchingfundforR&Dprojectswhichcandevelopneworimprovedproductsand/orprocessesand/ortechnologies

MalaysianBiotechCorporation–InternationalBusinessDevelopmentMatchingFunduptoRM1.25millioneachpromoteexpansionofBioNexusStatusCompaniesintoglobalmarketSmall&MediumIndustriesDevelopmentCorporation(SMIDEC)-

MatchingGrantForBusinessStart-Ups

Assiststart-upofbusinessesMaximumRM500,000Improvement&upgradingofexistingproducts,productdesign&processesToobtaincertification&qualitymanagementsystemsMaximumgrantallocatedRM250,000

ImplementinternetbasedcommonmessagingstandardforglobalsupplychainmanagementConductbusinesselectronicallythroughcommoncodesforsourcingofparts&componentsEnableMalaysiancompaniestoadoptefficientbusinessprocesseswithlargecompanies&preparethemtoembraceglobalSupplyChainManagement(SCM)SystemSmall&MediumIndustriesDevelopmentCorporation(SMIDEC)–

GrantforRossettaNetStandardR&DInitiativesForgenomics&molecularbiologyProductionofpharmaceutical&nutraceuticalproductsPromotionofagrobiotechnologyactivitiesFundallocatedRM59millionGov.R&DIncentivesForbionexuscompanyIncometaxexemptionfor10yearsAfter10years,concessionaryrate-20%TaxdeductionExemptionofstamp-duty&realpropertygaintax-within5yearsAcceleratedindustrialbuildingallowanceE-ScienceFund–MOSTIGeneratenewknowledgeinstrategicbasic&appliedsciencesDevelopnewproductsorprocessesnecessaryforfurtherdevelopment&commercialisationinspecificresearchclustersGeneratemoreresearchcapabilities&expertisewithinthecountryInnoFund-MOSTI

EnterpriseInnovationFund(EIF)Toassistindividuals/sole-proprietors,micro&smallbusinesses/enterprisestodevelopneworimproveexistingproducts,processorserviceswithelementsofinnovationforcommercialization

CommunityInnovationFund(CIF)

Toassistcommunitygroupstoconvertknowledge/ideaintoproducts/processes/servicesthatimprovesqualityoflifeofcommunitiesIndustrial&R&DGrant-MASTICCentralisedgrantsystemoffinancingscience&technology(S&T)researchinpublicinstitutions&researchagenciesResponsibilityofmanagingfund&implementationofS&Tresearch&development(R&D)programmes

Otherprivateagencies-MDC,MSC,&MTDCparticipateinprovidingassistanceHCDFunds-MASTICTheHumanCapitalDevelopmentFundProgrammeinS&TTostrengthenhumancapacity&capabilityforenhancementofS&TinMalaysiaToincreasecriticalmassofscientist&researchersofthecountryToenhancecountry'scompetitivenessthroughdevelopmentoftrained,innovative&creativehumanresourceLoan&venturecapital-MASTICTohelpSmall&MediumIndustries(SMI)succeedfromstart-upthroughmanystagesofgrowthBusinessloanstoentrepreneurs&businessownersofspecialisedindustriesToenableentrepreneurstoobtainupto100%loan&creditfacilitiestosupporttheirbusinessaspirationsLoan&venturecapital-MASTICBanks-loans:CreditGuaranteeCorporationMalaysiaBerhadBankPembangunan

dan

InfrastrukturMalaysiaBerhad

BankIndustri

dan

TeknologiMalaysiaBerhad

MAVCAPIncorporatedin2001byGovt.ofMalaysiaRM500million-forinvestmentin,nurturing&growingtechnologysectorInvesting&growingofventurecapitalmarketAnew&boldGovernment-initiatedPrivate-sectormanagedmovetospearheadcountry'schargetowardsaknowledge-basedeconomybefore2021MAVCAP

Seekingfund–DirectventuresOnlyaselectgroupofcompanieswillqualifyunderMAVCAP'sstringentinvestmentcriteriaEnjoybestintellectual,business&financialresourcesatMAVCAP'sdisposalMAVCAP

Seekingfund–SeedVenture

Opportunisticapproach&involvedin"primingthepump"forseedstagedealsJump-startinitiatives,growthprocess&buildsustainablevalueinseedstagecompaniesConducteducational&promotionalprogramstoencourageentrepreneurs&technopreneurswithfeasibleideasgerminatingintoviablebusinessplansSelectioncriteriaGood&experiencedmanagementTechnologyproducts/servicesthatareindemandorareinnovativeMarketscale&businessscalabilityGoodvaluepropositionSoundbusinessmodel&executionstrategySelectioncriteriaHighgrowthcompaniesinfast-growingmarketsClearexitstrategySynergy(withinportfolioofpartnercompanies)Othercriteria-dependingonstageofdevelopmentofabusiness,thecountryofitsorigin&itscontinuingdevelopmentplans

StageWeighting-MAVCAPMAVCAPnotrestrictedtoanystageofinvestmentInvestatleast30%ofitsfundinbusinessesthatareinstart-up&earlystagesoftheirdevelopmentTherestwillbeinvestedinexpansion,growth&late-stagebusinesses

GeographicalFocusPriority–toopportunitiesthatscaleacrossAsiaInitially70%fordirectinvestmentintoMalaysian-basedorcontrolledcompaniesCriteriaforinvestmentsmadeoverseasTechnologytransfertoMysiawithin12monthsofinvestment;orSignificantpresencetobesetupinMysiawithin12months;orInvestmentsmustprovideanetwork(sales,distributionorotherwise)orvalueaddedservicestoMAVCAP&itspartnerCo.Countryclusterstrategy-MAVCAPDevelopin-depthknowledgeofselectcountriesorgroupofcountries&investinginthemTheclustersselectedare:-Malaysia&SingaporeJapan&KoreaGreaterChina(China,Taiwan&HongKong)UnitedStatesofAmericaInvestmentGuidelinesMAVCAP

NomajoritypositionsunlessinexceptionalcircumstancesDirectinvestmentotherthanstart-up–rangeRM500,000-RM10millionperinvestmentMaximuminvestmentpercompanyisRM40MillionForstart-upsinvestmentisRM50,000toRM500,000InvestmentGuidelinesMAVCAP

ForprivateequityinvestmentonlyBoardmembership(min.1representativeonthepartnerboard)Investmenthorizonforbothinitial&follow-oninvestments-averageof5yearsforexitfrominitialinvestmentThecommercialization/businesscultureisnewinMalaysianResearchInstitutesMalaysianscientistnotaggressiveinmarketingthemselves&theirproductsTheprivatesectorstillskeptical-MalaysianinventionsChallengesChallengesProductsnothighlydemanded/attractivetoindustriesLab-scaleproduct/process;companiesnotconvincedtoinvest

Notpatentableproducts,difficulttoprotectIP.Easilycopied,tooriskyforinvestmentChallengesInnovativeproductsbutprocessinvolvednoteconomicallyviable

Noattempttoup-scaleormodifyproductsPoortiming,nottargetedforthecurrentmarketsLackofFunds!ChallengesPatent–non-tangibleasset,evaluationisdifficultDisclosureofcriticaltechnologyknowledgecaninducemisconductMarketregulations&policychangeResearchisalongtermcommitment–returnoninvestmentisextendedChallengesWorkwithinthegovernmentsystemNew–unclearpoliciesSlowNewleaders–differentvisionBestCaseScenarioGoodscientist–novelinnovationsshouldgenerategoodincomeNoveltechnologycansellforafewmillionSomeuniversitiesgive90%toresearcherWorstCaseScenarioCo.killsoffinnovationsCo.payspittanceCo.getsinfofromnaïvescientistFOCUnethicalpracticesforprofit–backlashtoscientistPoorlywrittenagreement–benefitsCo.Wheredowegofromhere?Increaseresearchfunds=%GDPQuantumleapresearchtohigherlevelStrengthenresearchgroups&excellentscientistProvideworldclassresearchfacilitiesGeneratewealthfromR&Dtechnologies

Generatemore–IPsfornation building&wealthcreationAshkurakHaniyanMTDCGarageSchemeMaxRM500,000DoesnotneedfeasibilitystudyRequirebusinessplanEntrepreneurtocontribute(10%)RM50,000CommercialisationofR&DFund(CRDF)

CoordinatedbyMTDC

CRDFI-RM500,000/project

TocoverfeasibilitystudyMarketdevelopment

CRDFII=Marketdevelopment&Initialproduction&QCCRDFIII=CommercialproductionCRD