2024年中考英语复习专题6 非谓语动词之分词 讲义学案（学生版+解析版）

▶第06讲非谓语动词之分词(讲义)目录二四名词考向五(值习目标)【考情分析】句法和作用形式句法和作用动名词句法和作用形式句法和作用动名词动词不定式非谓语动词现在分词过去分词句法和作用句法和作用动词不定。形式not+动词-ing⊙。形式作主语作主语作表语0Thehen'sjobislayingeggs.Hecan'twalkwithoutawalkingstick.○作定语Totellthetruth,Ido8880肯定⊙动词-ing--不规则动词非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。在句中的作用(主、宾、表、宾补、定、状)在句中的作用(主、宾、表、宾补、定、状)动名词用法(主、宾、表、定)构成：现在分词doing过去分词done分词用法(表、补、定、状)考向一分词的定义非谓语动词分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，分词分为现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。*现在分词表示“主动和进行”考向二现在分词的句法功能考向二现在分词的句法功能时态Walkingdownthestreet,hehearssomeonecNotknowingheraddress,wecouldnThehousesbeingbuiltareforaswimmingboy(aboywhoisThemanspeakingtoLily(themanawashingmachine(amachineforwashing)洗衣机awalkingstick=astick(whichisused)forareadingroom=aroom(whichisusJohnhasreallygotthejobofficialletterwhich/thatoffHe'sreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regettingbored.(2)Whenreadingthenovel,Iheardthetelephonering.(作时间状语，分词前面可加when,while等词。)(3)Livingfarfromtheschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.(原因状语)由于住的使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补(意义主动或正在进行)Ihavetwomenworkingformeinthecompany.我让两个人在公司为我工作。(表示主动进行)IheardanEnglishsongbeing考向三过去分词的句法功能考向三过去分词的句法功能boilingwaterboiledwater过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处吓人的受惊吓的IwassurprisedtofindmyhBeforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcGivenenoughmoney,I'=IfIamgivenenoughmoney,I'Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinher考向四易混易错点辨析考向四易混易错点辨析易混易错点：stoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事(未做)regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.meantodo打算、想Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnmeandoing意味着Toraisewage(提高工资)meansincreasingpurchasingpower(购买力).can'thelptodo不能帮助做某事9)关于use的短语：人sth.宁愿(不)做某事=wouldrather(not)dosth.refertodosth.1ratherthandosth.2宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.do(强调全过程或经常做，注意被动语态)doing(强调正在做)doing(强调正在做)needh需要(某人)做某事 beautifulladyinthe—Wow!It'smyteacher,Mr.Wu.(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.by.(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.13.(2022.江苏盐城.统考一模)Look!Thereisawall—Ihadmyinvitation—Yes.TheschoolbroadcastingstationannouncedthatourschoolhadputtogoodusetobuynewinstrumentsforA.writtenB.waswritten—Great.ItisthefirstplaneA.developB.developingC.developedA.tocut;closingB.cutting;openC.cut;A.torepairB.repairedC.repairing—Don'tworry.I'llgetitthisafternoon.A.repairB.repairingC.repairedA.ComparedB.TocompareC.CompaA.made;rememberedB.making;rememberC.making;wasrememberedD.made;toremA.playB.playingC.toplayChineseandanimalloversworryaboutheA.madeB.tomakeC.makingA.listenB.listenedC.listens31.(2023.吉林长春.统考三模)IheardBobwhenA.singB.singing—Don'tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutesisenough.A.washingB.towashC.washedastronautstoitsspacestationcombinA.tosendB.sentC.sA.showB.showingC.toshow—TheyareZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangA.giveB.givingC.tog阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子MyparentstookmetoJapEveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewithbook.“Whydon'tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbebetterthan39computergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButlaterIfounditAftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn'tmakemyselfturnthepages._outsideandplayfootballwithmThewords42bymeagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting413_mymind.Onesaid,“Doandyou'lldowell!"Butthentheotheronesaid,"Gworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwouldturnoffthecomputer.ButthenIremembered45__myparentshadtoldme,"Wha36.A.BecauseB.WhenC.37.A.anB.the38.A.nothingB.somethingC.ever39.A.beplayedB.playing40.A.waitedforB.been41.A.WhatB.Whata42.A.werecountedB.countedC.are43.A.inB.with44.A.themostinterestingB.moreinteresti45.A.howB.wherewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmeA.lies;diesB.lay;diedC.lain;deadD.lying;dyA.worksB.workedC.workingA.play;playB.play;playingC.playing;playD.pA.danceB.dancing —Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.speakingB.spokenC.speakA.CompareB.ComparedC.ComparingD.ComparesA.read,writtenB.toread,writtenC.reading,towriteD.t—SomephotosontheGreatWall.A.aretakenB.takenC.aretaking(pay).▶第06讲非谓语动词之分词(讲义)目录二四名词考向五(值习目标)【考情分析】句法和作用形式句法和作用动名词句法和作用形式句法和作用动名词动词不定式非谓语动词现在分词过去分词句法和作用句法和作用动词不定。形式not+动词-ing⊙。形式作主语作主语作表语0Thehen'sjobislayingeggs.Hecan'twalkwithoutawalkingstick.○作定语Totellthetruth,Ido8880肯定⊙动词-ing--不规则动词非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。在句中的作用(主、宾、表、宾补、定、状)在句中的作用(主、宾、表、宾补、定、状)动名词用法(主、宾、表、定)构成：现在分词doing过去分词done分词用法(表、补、定、状)考向一分词的定义非谓语动词分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，分词分为现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。*现在分词表示“主动和进行”考向二现在分词的句法功能考向二现在分词的句法功能时态Walkingdownthestreet,hehearssomeonecNotknowingheraddress,wecouldnThehousesbeingbuiltareforaswimmingboy(aboywhoisThemanspeakingtoLily(themanawashingmachine(amachineforwashing)洗衣机awalkingstick=astick(whichisused)forareadingroom=aroom(whichisusJohnhasreallygotthejobofficialletterwhich/thatoffHe'sreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regettingbored.(8)Whenreadingthenovel,Iheardthetelephonering.(作时间状语，分词前面可加when,while等词。)(9)Livingfarfromtheschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.(原因状语)由于住的使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补(意义主动或正在进行)Ihavetwomenworkingformeinthecompany.我让两个人在公司为我工作。(表示主动进行)IheardanEnglishsongbeing考向三过去分词的句法功能考向三过去分词的句法功能boilingwaterboiledwater过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处吓人的受惊吓的IwassurprisedtofindmyhBeforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcGivenenoughmoney,I'=IfIamgivenenoughmoney,I'Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinher考向四易混易错点辨析考向四易混易错点辨析易混易错点：2)forgetdoing/todo2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事(未做)regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.meantodo打算、想Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnmeandoing意味着Toraisewage(提高工资)meansincreasingpurchasingpower(购买力).can'thelptodo不能帮助做某事13)关于use的短语：44人宁愿(不)做某事=wouldrather(not)dosth.refertodosth.1ratherthandosth.2宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.do(强调全过程或经常做，注意被动语态)doing(强调正在做)doh需要(某人)做某事 【答案】carrying【答案】singing5.(2023.湖南常德.统考一模)—Look!There's—Wow!It'smyteacher,M【答案】【答案】performing“Look”可知此处应用动词perform的现在分词performing来表示正在进行的动作，在句中作定语修饰名词a6.(2023-江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考一模)Soonashow._(carry)alovelyblackhandbagandaha(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.【详解】句意：上个月在土耳其发生的地震是一场真正的灾难，使成千上万的人无家可归。地by.【答案】【答案】singing【详解】句意：我路过时听到女孩们在房间里唱歌。根据hearsb.dosth.(听到某人做某事),表示过程或经里表示正在进行。因此用sing的现在分词singing。故填singing。【详解】句意：当我路过这个社区时，我看到邻居们在愉快地聊天。根据“WhenIpassedbythecommunity”【详解】句意：连接这两个城市的高速铁路在我们的日常(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.【详解】句意：上个月在美国发生的龙卷风是一场真正的灾难，使成千上万的人无家可归。龙卷风导致很13.(2022.江苏盐城.统考一模)Look!Thereisawalle只能用非谓语形式：动词ing形式(主动关系)或动词ed形式(被动关系)。因为something与visit之间是—Yes.TheschoolbroadcastingstationannouncedthatourschoolhtogoodusetobuynewinstrumentsforA.writtenB.waswritten—Great.ItisthefirstplaneA.developB.developingC.developedA.tocut;closingB.cutting;openA.torepairB.repairedC.repairing【答案】B25.(2023-湖南邵阳-统考一模)—ThereissomethingwrongwiththeTV.A.repairB.repairingC.repairedA.ComparedB.TocompareC.Co可知，此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动，应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。A.made;rememberedB.making;rememberC.making;wasrememberedD.made;torem【详解】句意：他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界A.playB.playingC.toplayChineseandanimalloversworryaboutheA.madeB.tomakeA.listenB.listenedC.listensD.liA.singB.singingC.sangA.washingB.towashC.washedA.tosendB.sent动关系，故选C。A.showB.showingC.toshow【详解】句意：到目前为止，中国有13个湿地之城，展示了各种各样的风格。A.giveB.givingC.togive阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子book.“Whydon'tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbebetterthan39_compIpromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButlaterIfoundAftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn'tmakemyselfturnthepages.outsideandplayfootballwithmThewords42bymeagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting43.mymind.Onesaid,“Dondyou'lldowell!"Butthentheotheronesaid,"Goandplay!Itwillberworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwouldturnoffthecomputer.ButthenIremembered45_myparentshadtoldme,"Whateveryoudo,don'tstophalfway."SoIsat40.A.waitedfor42.A.werecountedd【答案】【导语】本文主要介绍了作者由于在日本生活过而精通日语，答应父亲翻译日语书籍为中文，却不能坚持根据“Igot…goodopportunity.”可知，此处作者的父亲建议把它翻译成中文，由此可知作者没有其他事情可做。故40.句意：那2000字还在等着我。现在分词构成过去进行时。故选C。41.句意：我真希望我能出去和我的朋友们踢足球!与谓语count之间是被动关系，故应该用被动语态。根据“wanted”可知过去时的被动语态。故选A。选A。themostinteresting最有趣的(最高级);moreinteresting更有趣的(比较级);interesting有趣的。根据“than”wassenttothehospitalbythebusdriveA.l