出口业务复习

TermsTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.GivefullnamesforthefollowingtermsandtranslatethemintoChinese.说明：术语部分包含两种题型，第一部分需将术语由汉语翻译成英语；第二部分将缩略语写出全称后并翻译成汉语。ChapterI绝对优势比较优势财政性关税保护性关税进口税出口税进口附加税反补贴税反倾销税可变征税从量税从价税混合关税可择性关税配额绝对配额关税配额进口许可证外汇管制贸易壁垒ChapterIIEXWFOBFCAFASCFRCIFCPTCIPDAFDESDEQDDUDDPChapterIIIshippingmarksinformationmarksindicativemarkswarningmarksChapterIVOBOROROB/LS/CFIFOFIFO租船合同班轮装卸货时间速遣费滞期费重量吨尺码吨从价运费固定运费/起码运费自由运价/可议运费清洁提单已装船提单记名提单指示提单分批装运转船托运单航空运单ChapterV外汇直接比价间接比价套汇率/交叉汇率发盘还盘返还盘实盘虚盘接受ChapterVI汇票本票支票出票承兑汇付跟单信用证跟单托收记账贸易付款交单承兑交单开证行议付行通知行CWODDTTMTL/CD/AD/PChapterVII海洋运输保险部分损失全损绝对全损推定全损代位求偿共同海损单独海损保险单预约保单ATLCTLCICFPAWAARTPNDICCDecidewhetherthefollowingstatesareTrueorFalse,andwrite“T”forTrueand“F”forFalse.ThepurposeofIncotermsistototallyeliminatetheuncertaintiesofdifferentinterpretationsofdeliverytermsandthusmisunderstandings,disputes,andlitigation.Incotermsarepartofnationalorinternationallaw.ThescopeofIncotermsislimitedtomattersrelatingtotherightsandobligationsofthepartiestothecontractofsalewithrespecttothedeliveryoftangiblegoodssold.Incotermsdealwithallaspectsofasalescontract.Incotermscanalsobeusedforthesaleofgoodswithinpurelydomesticmarket.Incotermsalsodealwiththeconsequencesofbreachofcontract.Exprotersshouldavoidreceivingthecurrencythathebelieveswillbecomeweakerasthecontractcurrency.Exprotersshouldreceivethecurrencythathebelieveswillbecomeweakerasthecontractcurrency.Conditionsofsaleareawayforasellertoavoidhislegalobligation.Theexchangerateisveryimportanttodeterminethefinalearningsofanexporter.Importersshouldavoidthecurrencythatislikelytobecomestrongeratthetimehemakespayment.Foreignexchangeriskcanbecontrolledindifferentways.Adefiniteofferwillalwayshavethephrase“offerfirm"orsomethingsimilar.AccordingtotheConvention,thenon-existenceofallthedetailsforatransactionandavaliditydatedforacceptancedefinitelymeansthatanofferisindefinite.Withdrawalofofferiseffectiveonceitissentout.Anoffercanberevokedbeforeacceptanceevenifitexplicitlyindicatesthatitisirrevocable,inadditiontoindicatingafixedtimeforacceptance.Apersonotherthantheoffereecanalsoacceptanoffer.Anyconditionalacceptancewillbetreatedasacounter-offer.Adraftisaconditionalordertomakepayment.Abanker’sdraftisdrawnbyafirmorabankonanotherbank.Adocumentarydraftiscalled“documentary”becausecertaindocumentsmustgotogetherwiththispaymentorder.Acheckisspecialkindofdraft:alwayspaiduponpresentationbyabank.Onceyougetacheck,youwillgetthepayment.AnL/Cmeansnoriskinpaymenttotheseller.Asbeneficiary,ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeL/Cyouhavereceived,youcanasktheissuingbanktomakechangestothedocument.IfUCP600isused,anL/Ccannotberevoked.Indocumentarycollection,bankshavenoobligationtomakepayment.Naturalcalamitiescoveredbyinsuranceareeventsthatareexceptionaltosomeextent,nottheordinaryactionofthewindandwaves.Lossesduetoinherentviceftheproductarenormallycoveredbyinsurance.Extraneousrisksincludebothordinaryriskssuchastheft,raindamage,breakage,etc.andspecialriskssuchaswar,strike,etc.Oceanmarinecargoinsurancedoesnotcoverexpensesincurredbyanyoneinreducingthelossofthesubjectmatterinsured.Insurancerequireshigherstandardofhonestythanotherbusiness.Oncetheinsuredcargoisdamaged,theinsurancecompanyshouldautomaticallytakeoverthetitletothedamagedcargoandtheassuredwillhavenofurtherinterestinthecargo.Anassuredmustatalltimesactinthesamemannerashewouldintheeventhewereuninsured.Itisvitalthattheassuredcanprovewithcertaindocumentsthattheclaimhasbeencausedasaresultoftheinsurancecoverage.Youcanalwaysseparatelytakeoutinsuranceagainstrisksofwar,strike,etc.FillinthemissingwordsinthefollowingparagraphAsimultaneously exportingassembleforeign salesentrylocallyManylargemultinationalfirmswithnumerousmanufacturingsubsidiariesalltheworldbegantheirforeignoperationsby(1).Asthestagebecamesuccessful,theyestablished(2)companiesoverseastomarkettheirexports.Wherethesalescompanywasabletodevelopsufficientlylargemarket,aplantto(3)importedpartswassetup.Finally,thecompleteproductwasmanufactured(4).However,thissequenceshouldnotbeconstruedatheonlywaytobecomeinvolvedin(5)markets.Insomecountries,conditionsmayrequirethatacompletemanufacturingplantbethemeansofinitial(6).Multinationalfirmstodayareemployingallofthemethods(7)toreachtheirworldwidemarkets.BresponsibilitiescostsstandardrisksobligationsflexiblelawdocumentsIncotermsaretheinternational(1)usedinthesalestransactionandshippingdocumentation.Incotermsdefinetheseller’sandbuyer’s(2)byprovidinggenerallythreebasicpiecesofinformation:informationonthetransferof(3),informationonthedivisionof(4),andinformationonthe(5).WhenpartiesdecideonagivenIncoterm,theyareimplicitlyagreeingtoasetof(6)andtheseobligationsneednotbereferredtoagaininthesalescontract.SinceIncotermsarenot(7),theymustbewrittenintoasalescontractinordertobeboundtoacontract.ItshouldbenotedthatIncotermsare(8)andcanbefurtherdefinedtosuitthemutualinterestofthebuyerandseller.Cpackagingspecialproofavoidedmarkingsvisiblegreaterminimumstressesoutside importer'sGoodsshippedforexportrequiresubstantially(1)handlingthandomesticshipments.Theexportermustpackthegoodstoensurethattheweightandmeasurementarekepttoa(2);breakageis(3);thecontaineristheft-(4);andthegoodsdonotsufferthe(5)ofoceanshipment,suchasexcessmoisture.Inadditiontoproperpacking,theexportershouldbeawarethatcertain(6)arenecessaryongoodstransportedinternationally.Somecountriesrequirethatthecountryoforiginbemarkedonthe(7)ofthecontainer,andevenhaveregulationsastohowthemarkoforiginshouldappear.Forfoodanddrugs,theremaybe(8)labelingrequirementasdeterminedbythelawsofthecountryofdestination.Moreover,certainshippingmarksmustappearontheoutsideofthepackage.Theweightanddimensionsshouldbe(9)andanyspecialinstructionshouldbeshown,andyoumaywanttorepeattheseinstructionsinthelanguageofthe(10) country.Ifyourbusinessisnotequippedtopackageyourgoodsforexport,thereareexport(11)companies,whichcanperformthisserviceforyou.Ddispatchship-ownerchartererdemurragelaytime(1)isthetotaltimeallowedthroughanagreementbetweenthe(21)andthe(3)forloadingand/orunloadingthecargo.Withinthattime,the(4)bearstheexpenseforthevesseltobeonberth.Overthattime,the(5)paysforanyhoursas(6),thecostofdelayingaship,tothe(7).Iftheloadingand/orunloadingcanbecompletedinlesstimeallowedinthevoyagecharterparty,(8)moneyispaidbythe(9)tothe(10) asamountofcompensation.Epackagingspecialproofavoidedmarkingsvisiblegreaterminimumstressesoutside importer'sInthegenerallaw,neitherpartyisunderanydutytolookaftertheinterestsofthe(1)whileacontractisbeingmade.Neitherpartyhasthedutytomakedisclosuresortocorrect(2)impressions.Thelaw(3)acontractingpartytositquietandsaynothing.However,insuranceisan(4).Ininsurance,boththeassuredandtheinsurerareplacedunderan(5)todealwitheachotherinutmostgoodfaith.Ifonepartyfailstoobservethisprinciple,thecontractcanbe(6)bytheotherparty.Sinceitisthe(7)whodescribestheriskanditisuponthatdescriptionthe(8)fixesthepremiumordecideswhetherornottogivethecover,thisobligationfallsmostoftenandmostclearlyuponthe(9).Itisthedutyofthe(10) todisclosetotheinsurer,beforethecontractisconclude,every(11)circumstancewhichoughttobeknowntotheassured.A(12) circumstanceisonethatcould(13)thejudgmentofa(14) insurerinfixingthepremiumordeterminingwhetherhewilltaketherisk.Answerthefollowingquestions.Whataresomeoftheformsoftraderestrictions?HowarethetermsstructuredinIncoterms?Whatshouldbeconsideredinthechoiceoftermsofdelivery?Whatarethemainreasonsforcargopackaging?Whatarethemainfactorsinfluencingtypesofcargopackaging?Whatshouldbeconsideredinthestowageofcargo?GiveanexampleofISOstandardshippingmarkandexplainwhatdoeseachlinesuggest?Whatarethekeydifferencesbetweenlinersandtramps?WhatkeypurposesdoesaB/Lserve?Whatshouldaclauseofshipmentinclude?Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofoceantransport?Whatarethreeconstituentsofadefiniteoffer?Whatcanterminateanoffer?Whataretherequirementsforanacceptance?Whatarethedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationalpayment?Whatcanbeusedaspaymentinstrumentsforinternationaltrade?Whataretheinvolvingpartiesinusingadraft?Whataretheinvolvingpartiesinusingdocumentarycollection?ChoosethebestanswerInaletterofcredittransaction,paymentsaremadeinexchangeforgoods B.shippingdocumentscommercialinvoiceD.billofladingJacksonConstructionCo.purchasestilesfromtheTerrazzoCo.inItaly.Paymentistobemadebyaletterofcredit.WhendoesJacksonConstructionCo.pay?WhenJacksonConstructionCo.receivesthegoodsWhenthebankissuestheletterofcreditWhenitgetsTerrazzoCo.’sdocumentsWhenTerrazzoCo.presentsshippingdocumentstothebankTheshippernamedontheB/Lshouldbe.theaccountpartyoftheL/CtheshippingagentthebeneficiaryoftheL/CtheshippingcompanyTheBankofChinaopenedaletterofcreditforitscustomerChinaTextileCo.ThebankmailedtheletterofcredittoabankinJapan,whichconfirmeditandmailedittoMitsuiCo.Whoisobligatedundertheletterofcredittopaybeneficiary?BankofChina B.MitsuiCo.C.ChinaTextileCo. D.BankinJapanHowwillabankhonorasightdraft?paythebeneficiaryatonceacceptthedraftforpaymentatafuturedatediscountthedraftreturnthedrafttothesellerTheonewhohonorsadraftis.A.drawer B.drawee C.payee D.bankThemostimportantdocumentsindocumentarycollectionis.A.commercialinvoice B.billofexchangeC.certificateorigin D.certificateofinspection8．Whichisanegotiabledocumentamongthefourinthefollowing?A.consularinvoice B.packinglistC.billofexchange D.commercialinvoiceDocumentarycollectionseeksfromthebank.A.guaranteeB.noguaranteeC.noprotectionD.insuranceThebankthatactsasanagentoftheselleris.A.remittingbankB.CollectingbankC.openingbankD.confirmingbank(A)Thepresentingbankisauthorizedtoreleaseallthetitledocumentstothebuyerifhepaysimmediately.Thisisknownas.A.DA B.BE C.DP D.BLIfitisatimedraft,itmeansthatthedraweeshould.A.draw B.pay C.remit D.acceptisaveryloosetermwhichoftencausesconfusions.A.CWO B.CAD C.COD D.L/CUnderarrangement,thepaymentisnotmadeatthetimewhenthegoodsaredeliveredorwhenthedocumentsarepresented,butatthespecifiedtimeinthefuture.A.advancepayment B.openaccountC.installmentpayment D.cashagainstdocumentsAnagreementisasresultoftheprocessofofferandacceptance.A.includedB.had C.reachedD.resultedTheexportermustpackthegoodsstrictconformitythecontractstipulations.A.onwithB.ofof C.ononD.inwithImproperpackingmaylocalcustomstoeitherrejectthegoodsorlevyafine.A.cause B.force C.make D.give(A)Shouldanybefoundafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,thebuyerwouldlodgeaclaim.A.differencesB.discrepanciesC.difficultiesD.mistakesThemostimportantpartonthebottomofthecontractisthe.A.enclosure B.thenameofthetwocompaniesC.effectivedate D.signatureofthebothpartiesTheseller’sobligationunderCIPistohandthegoodsoverto.A.thefirstcarrier B.portofshipmentC.portofdestinatio