高中英语语法宾语补足语

PAGE4-宾语补足语讲解一、定义宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。二、句子结构是主+谓+宾+宾补三、两种结构1.主表型：1)makeourcountrybeautiful(adjective)2)callhimLaoLi(noun)3)findsb.out(adv.)4)findsb.athome(Prep.phrase)2.主谓型：1)asksb.todosth.（有to不定式）2)havesb.dosth.（无to不定式）3)seesb.doingsth.（现在分词）4)havesth.done.（过去分词）四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语1.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"tobe+形容词或名词"结构，think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。如：Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。Heprovedthattheory(tobe)veryimportant.他证明那个理论是很重要的。Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等。如：I'dpreferyoutoleavehimalone.我希望你不要打扰他。Idon'twanttheretobeanytrouble.我不想有任何麻烦。3.注意：hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。如：Ihopeyoucangivemeahand.我希望你能帮我一把。Iwishyoutogivemeahand.我希望你能帮我一把。Herequiredustobepresentatthemeeting.他要求我们出席会议。MrLisuggestedthatsheshouldnotgotherealone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。五、可作宾语补足语的形式有不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。六、具体说明（一）副词作宾语补足语如：Ifoundhiminyesterday.（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep,make,find等。如：Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.（三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,make,think等。如：Wecallthemmooncakes.（四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,hear,find,keep等。如：Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep,find,leave等。如：Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.（六）不定式作宾语补足语1.常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish,advise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause等；如：Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.Pleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnote.Sherequestedhimtogowithher.2.接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,hear,make,let等。如：Ioftenseehimplayfootball.3.用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework.②一些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：let,have,make；四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat。③在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这类动词还有：make,let,have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。如：Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。4.掌握“使役动词have+宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义在“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have也可用get。这一结构具有以下几种含义：①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：如：Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：如：Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.当心，否则会弄伤手的。③意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。如：Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。如：I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobservetheceasefire.联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking31.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled32.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown33.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through34.____everything____,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.A.As,buyingB.For,tobuyC.With,boughtD.Because,tobuy35.Don’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津2004)A.run B.running C.beingrun D.torun36.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman___hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting37.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_______.(重庆2004)A.worried B.toworryC.worrying D.worry38.Theteacheraskedus_____somuchnoise.(北京2003)A.don’tmake B.notmakeC.notmaking D.nottomake39.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.(上海2003)A.toissue B.beingissuedC.tohaveissued D.tobeissued40.－Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?－I'dliketohavethispackage__,Madame.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed41.Fatherwillnot__ustousehisrecorders.A.haveB.letC.agreeD.allow42.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekaspunishment.

A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing43.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay44.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade__.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning45.Seeingthesun__abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising46.Iwasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions__.AbeenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown47.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeattoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatDnoteating48.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn’tmakeherself_______.A.hearB.hearingC.tohearD.heard49.IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly_________.A.supposingB.tosupposeC.supposedD.suppose50.It’ssocoldtoday,wemustkeepthefire________.A.toburnB.burningC.burnD.burnt51.Themotherwasasked________letherchildren________TVeveryevening;A.notto;watchB.notto;towatchC.not;watchD.not;watching52.Theydidn’tobserveher_______inandgoupstairs.A.comeB.cameC.tocomeD.coming53.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking54.Ihavehadmybike,andI’mgoingtohavesomebodymyradiotomorrow.A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing55._________theroom,thenursefoundthetaperecorder_________.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen56.Couldyoushowmethemobilephoneyou’dlike______?A.tohaverepairedB.repairingitC.havingitrepairedD.torepairit57.IhaveoftenheardtheABCSong,butIhaveneverheardA