高一英语被动语态

被动语态（thePassiveVoice)一．

语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词就要用被动语态。二．被动语态的基本结构

be

+

过去分词（人称.数.时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）三.被动语态适用情况1当我们不知道动作的执行者时；2我们不必提出动作执行者时；3要强调动作承受者时；4出于行文的需要

四.主动句与被动句的转换主动句的结构：主语

+谓语+宾语

+其它成分被动句的结构：宾语+be+动词过去分词+by+主语(宾格)+其它成分

可以省略e.g.1.People

useEnglish

freely.(主动句）

Englishisused(by

people)freely.(被动句）五．被动语态的八种时态（时态是表示行为．动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式）１．一般现在时结构：主语＋am/is/are+过去分词e.g.主动句：Shecleansherroomeveryday.

被动句：Herroomis

cleaned(byher)everyday.(肯定句）

否定句：Herroomisn’t

cleaned(byher)everyday.一般疑问句：Isherroomcleaned(byher)everyday?注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致．一般过去时结构：主语＋was/were+过去分词e.g.主动句：TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek.

被动句：TheVCDwas

madebytheworkerslastweek.(肯定句)

否定句:TheVCDwasn’t

madebytheworkerslastweek.一般疑问句：WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek?3.一般将来时结构：主语＋willbe+过去分词

e.g.

主动句：MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon.

被动句：肯定句：Iwill

be

senttoAmericabymyfathersoon.

否定句：Iwon’tbe

senttoAmericabymyfathersoon.一般疑问句：Willyoube

senttoAmericabyyourfathersoon?4.过去将来时结构：主语＋wouldbe+过去分词e.g.主动句：Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight.

被动句:

肯定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbe

punishedbyhimtonight.

否定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbe

punishedbyhimtonight.5.现在进行时结构：主语＋am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：Heistellingastorynow.

被动句：肯定句：Astoryisbeing

toldbyhimnow.否定句：Astoryisn’tbeing

toldbyhimnow.

一般疑问句：Isastorybeing

toldbyhimnow?

6.过去进行时结构：主语＋was/were+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：HewastellingastorywhenIcamein.

被动句：肯定句：Astorywasbeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein.

否定句：Astorywasn’tbeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein.

一般疑问句：Wasastorybeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein?7.现在完成时结构：主语＋have/has+

been

+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theboyhasfinishedthework.

被动句:

肯定句:Theworkhasbeen

finishedbytheboy.

否定句:Theworkhasn’tbeen

finishedbytheboy.

一般疑问句:Hastheworkbeen

finishedbytheboy?8.过去完成时结构:主语+had+been+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theyhadbuilttenbuildingsby2003.

被动句:

肯定句:Tenbuildingshadbeen

builtbythemby2003.

否定句:Tenbuildingshadn’tbeen

builtbythemby2003.

一般疑问句:Hadtenbuildingsbeen

builtbythemby2003?练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.

练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

Englishisspokenbypeople.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.

ComputersweremadeintheU.S.Abythem.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.

Kniveswereusedforcuttingthingsbypeople.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.

Metalwasusedformakingmachinesbypeople.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.

SilkwillbeproducedinSuzhouandHangzhoubythem.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.

Englishisbeingspokeninclassbythem.7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.

8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.

9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.

7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.

Theirhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.

Threecourseshadbeenlearnedbymebytheendoflastyear.9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.

Theysaidthatmoretreeswouldbeplantedbythem.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.

Songswerebeingsungbytheboysat8:00yesterdayevening.六.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.

e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelooked

afterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemade

to

doalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheard

to

singsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseen

to

walktoschoolbyme.

当动词带有复合宾语(宾补)，其宾补是带有“to”的动词不定式时，和一般的被动句变化一样。

e.g.LilyasksmetohelpLucy.被动句：Iamasked

tohelpLucybyLily.

3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见的动词有givebuy,tell,teach…e.g.Theygiveme

someapples.被动句：Iamgivensomeapplesbythem.

Someapplesaregiven

to

mebythem.e.g.Hetoldthechild

somestories.被动句：Thechildwastoldsomestoriesbyhim.

Somestoriesweretold

to

thechildbyhim.e.g.Jackteachesus

English.被动句：WearetaughtEnglishbyJack.

Englishistaughtto

usbyJack.e.g.Sheboughtme

abook.被动句：Iwasboughtabookbyher.(语法正确,不用)

Abookwasboughtfor

mebyher.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.

2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.

3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

5.Wetookcareofthethings.

练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.

ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.

Somebridgeswerebuiltbytheworkers.3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

HisfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

Thebabywaslookedafterintheroombythemother.5.Wetookcareofthethings.

Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.6.Theygaveussomework.

7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

10.Theboywillmendhisbike.

6.Theygaveussomework.

Weweregivensomeworkbythem.Someworkwasgiventousbythem.7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy.8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

Iamboughtabikebymymother.Abikeisboughtformebymymother.9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.10.Theboywillmendhisbike.

Hisbikewillbemendedbytheboy.11.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.

13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.

11.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.

Theboxcanbeusedasatablebyus.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.

Theclassroomshouldbecleanedeverydaybyus.；/时时娱乐gwh18iyc许人。”“是。”“这次见，出落得越发好了，难得是机伶顺意。”老太太又道。明秀在旁边笑。“你娘也跟你说过，你二姐姐在宫里，想有个伴儿。”老太太果然把话题移过来，“本来呢，你跟你二姐姐，是最亲了。”明秀低头揉着衣带。“秀儿，这么多孩子里，你是最大方明礼的，奶奶也不跟你绕着了，”老太太道，“你看咱们要跟你二姐姐找个伴当，珞儿肯不肯？”明秀声如蚊蚋：“珞儿跟二姐姐的感情，向