人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and courage Learning about language 知识点学案

Unit4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage词汇默写_______________n.困境；逆境________________adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的________________n.探险；远征；探险队________________n.忍耐力；耐久力________________n.精力；力量；活力________________adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)________________adj.热情的；热心的________________adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)________________n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜_______________vt.分派；布置；分配________________n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员________________n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌________________vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群________________沉没;下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没________________vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃________________n.炉具；厨房灶具________________n.毯子________________________财物；动产________________adj.温馨的；舒适的________________adj.自私的________________adj.脾气好的/坏的________________adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的___________________n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神____________________vi.坚持；孜孜以求________________vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念________________n.决议；解决；坚定_______________n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人________________adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的________________adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的________________n.家具_________________________.不幸地；遗憾地________________adv.幸运地________________.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声________________.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打________________adj.潮湿的；湿气重的________________n.娱乐；消遣；游戏 ________________n.指导；引导；导航________________n.广告活动；广告业________________vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告________________adj.公司的；法人的；社团的________________adj.痛苦的；令人难受的________________n.&vi.航海；航行________________n.海军；海军部队________________adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的_______________adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的________________n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者________________adj.忠诚的；忠实的________________n.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的________________n.候选人；应试者________________n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲________________n.承诺；保证；奉献________________n.动机；原因；目的短语默写________________拒绝(某人)________________生火________________放出(热、光、气味或气体)________________振作精神________________设法做某事________________完全地；彻底地________________热衷于________________上船________________成为被困在________________到一个地方的探险核心词汇教材原句p.40Theofficerwasassigned/employedtoconductathoroughinvestigationintotheincident.这名官员被指派/受雇对该事件进行彻底调查。1.thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的；考虑周到的thoroughunderstanding透彻的了解 thoroughcleaning彻底的打扫thoroughdescription详尽的描写Igavetheradioathoroughinspectionbeforebuyingit.我把收音机彻底检查了一遍才买了下来。Hewasevenmorethoroughaboutreadingthearticle.他对这篇文章读得更仔细。【词语积累】thoroughlyadv.非常；彻底；完全；仔细；缜密 教材原句p.40Unfortunately，hisapplicationwasturneddownbecausehewastooyoungandnotqualifiedenough.不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，没有足够的资格。2unfortunately（=unluckily）adv.不幸地；遗憾地Unfortunately，IhurtmykneewhenIfelldownontheice.不幸的是，我在冰上摔倒时摔伤了膝盖。【词语积累】（1）fortunateadj.幸运的 befortunateindoingsth.因做某事感到幸运 befortunatetodosth.有幸能做某事 It’sfortunatethat...幸运的是…Someservantswerefortunateingettingkindmasterswhodidn’taskthemtoworktoohard.有些仆人很幸运，他们的主人很和善，并不要求他们拼命地干活。I’mfortunateenoughtohavefoundajobthatIlove.我很幸运找到了一份我喜欢的工作。Itwasfortunateforhimthathisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoschoolthoughbadlyoff.他很幸运，尽管很穷，他的父母还是设法送他上学。（2）fortunen.运气；财富 tryone’sfortune碰运气 makeafortune发大财 HewenttoAustraliaandsoonmadeafortune.他去了澳大利亚，很快就发了财。（3）fortunatelyadv.幸运地 unfortunateadj.不幸的 单句语法填空（1）___________（fortunate），aftersixyears’hardwork，hefoundedhisowncompany.（2）___________（unfortunate），hisfatherdied，leavingthewholefamilyevenpoorer.（3）Hefelt___________（fortune）thattheinterviewerspokehighlyofhimduringtheinterview.（4）Iwasfortunate___________（enjoy）suchattractivesceneryinyourhometown.（5）CentralLondonisfortunate___________havingsomanylargeparksandopenspaces.完成句子（6）I___________（非常幸运地遇到了教授）whoappreciatedmypaintingsverymuch.（7）___________（幸运的是）theyhadsetoutearlybecausethetrafficwasterrible.（8）Knowingthatitwaseasytofinddiamondinthedesert，hewentthereto__________________（碰运气）.3.applicationn.申请；请求；（尤指理论、发现等的）应用makeanapplication（tosb.）forsth.（向某人）申请……anapplicationletter求职信；申请信fillinanapplicationform填写申请表Ididn’treceiveanacknowledgementofmyapplication.对我的申请，我还没有收到复信告知收悉。Theymadeanapplicationtothecommitteeforpermissiontousethetenniscourt.他们向委员会申请使用这个网球场。theapplicationsofgeneticengineeringinagriculture基因工程在农业上的应用Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.把新的科学发现应用到工业生产方法上，通常可以提高效率。词语积累】（1）applyv.应用；申请apply...to...把……应用到……applyoneselfto致力于，专心于apply（tosb.）for...（向某人）申请……Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.这项新技术被应用于农业。Hehasbeenapplyinghimselftoachievinghispersonalgoal.他一直致力于实现他的个人目标。Lyndandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimappliedforthepostoftypist.林德和几百个像他那样的青年申请这个打字员的职位。（2）applicantn.申请人 appliedadj.应用的；实用的单句语法填空（1）Yourfootwillfeelbetterafterthe___________（apply）ofthisointment.（2）Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsof___________（apply）toattendtheopeningceremony.（3）Nowlotsofnewtechnologiescanbeappliedto___________（solve）problemsinindustry.（4）Iamwritingtoapply___________thepositionasavolunteerintheEnglishfestival.（5）Lastweekweapplied___________（join）theBridgeClub.完成句子（6）Onlyinthiswaycanwe___________（更好地将理论应用于实践）.（7）We___________（将向……申请）theauthoritiesforassistance.（8）Thecoach___________（专心于）selectingthebestathleteslastyear.教材原句p.41Hefinallyfinishedtheresearchpaperunderhistutor’sguidance.在导师的指导下，他终于完成了研究论文。4.guidancen.指导；引导；（火箭等的）导航undersb.’sguidance在某人的指导下withouttheguidanceofsb.没有某人的指导provideguidance提供指导personalguidance亲自指导Underhisfather’sguidance，helearnedhowtoswim.他在父亲的指导下学会了游泳。Hecompletedhispaperindependentlywithouttheguidanceofhistutor.他在没有导师指导的情况下独立完成了论文。【词语积累】guidevt.指导，影响（某人的行为）；指引n.指南，手册单句语法填空（1）WhenIwasintrouble，heoffered____________（guide）tomeonmycareer.（2）____________hisfather’sguidance，heisverylikelytosettlethematter.完成句子（3）____________（在他姐姐的指导下），heislikelytocompletetheproject.（4）Theagencyoffers____________（切合实际的指导）topeoplestartingtheirownbusinesses.教材原句p.41Thecompanylaunchedanadvertisingcampaigntopromoteitscorporateimage.公司发起了一场广告宣传活动来提升公司形象。5.advertisevt.&vi.（为……）做广告；（在报纸、互联网等上）公布；宣传（自己的事）advertiseforsb.todosth.登广告招聘某人做某事Wedecidedtoadvertiseournewproduct.我们决定为我们的新产品做广告。Motherhasbeenadvertisingforacleanerforweekswithoutsuccess.近几周母亲接连登广告想招聘一名清洁工，但至今没有找到人。Theyadvertisedforayounggirltolookafterthechildren.他们登广告想招聘一位年轻姑娘来照顾孩子们。【词语积累】advertisingn.广告活动；广告业advertisementn.广告advertisern.登广告者；广告商【一言助记】Theadvertisersputsomeadvertisementsinthelocalpapertoadvertisetheirproducts.广告商在当地报纸上刊登了一些广告来宣传他们的产品。单句语法填空（1）Thecouncilareadvertising____________ateacherinthisweek’snewspaper.（2）We’veadvertisedforsomeone____________（look）afterthegarden.（3）The____________（advertise）campaigndidn’thavemucheffectonsales.（4）Ifyouwanttosellyouroldsofa，whynotputan____________（advertise）inthelocalnewspaper?完成句子（5）Wecan____________（在网络上刊登广告）.（6）We____________（刊登广告求购）asecond-handcar.教材原句p.42Theysailedonroughseasfordays...他们在波涛汹涌的海面上航行了好几天……6.roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的；艰难的；崎岖的；令人不快的；粗鲁的搭配：beroughonsb.对某人粗暴苛刻aroughsea波涛汹涌的大海 aroughtime艰难时期aroughroad崎岖的道路 aroughcalculation/estimateofthecost对成本的粗略计算/估计Shouldtheweatherberough，wewon’tbeabletogoriding.万一是狂风暴雨的天气，我们就不能去骑马。IthinkJoneshastendedtogetjustalittlerough.我觉得琼斯变得有点粗鲁了。Itisreallyunwisetoberoughonyourcustomers.对你的顾客粗暴是很不明智的。【词语积累】roughlyadv.粗暴地，粗野地；粗糙地；大约，大致，差不多 写出句中rough的含义（1）You’dbettergiveusaroughideaofyourprice. ___________（2）Hetooksomenailsandbitsofwood，andbuiltthemintoaroughcupboard.___________（3）Inthedarkourjeepbumpedalongtheroughmountainroad. ___________（4）Wehadratheraroughtime. ___________（5）Thelittleboyhasaroughtongue. ___________完成句子（6）Theboss ___________（对……很粗暴）theyoungman.（7）Theshipwasbadlyknockedaboutby ___________（波涛汹涌的大海）.教材原句p.38...Well，itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaper...……嗯，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸……【句式分析】该句中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。1.Ithappensthat...碰巧……Ithappensthathiseldersisterisagoodfriendofmine.碰巧他姐姐是我的一个好朋友。【归纳拓展】Itchancesthat...（=Ithappensthat...）碰巧……Sb.happen（s）todosth.某人碰巧做某事。Sth.happenedtosb.某事发生在某人身上。Itchancedthatthewinterofthatyearwasasevereone.碰巧那年冬天特别冷。Shehappenedtohavejustfinishedreadingthebook.她碰巧刚读完那本书。Somethingunexpectedmusthavehappenedtohimifhedidn’tturnupattheparty.如果他没有出现在聚会上，一定发生了意想不到的事。单句语法填空（1）___________sohappenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.（2）Ihappened___________（be）therewhentheaccidenthappened.（3）Itchanced___________theharvestwasbadthatyear.完成句子（4）You___________（碰巧出去了）whenIcametoyourhouse.（5）___________（碰巧）hehadtobepresentatameeting.（6）It’sthebestthingthathasever___________（发生在我身上）.教材原句p.44TherewerenotreesgrowingonAntarcticaandnooil，sotheonlyfuelwecouldusewasanimalfat.南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。4.Therebe+主语+非谓语动词该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。具体形式：（1）Therebe+主语+doing（表示主动和进行）Thereare300peoplemovingtothenewfactoryinthesouth.有三百人搬到南方的新工厂。（2）Therebe+主语+done（表示被动或完成）Inthisbook，therearepassageslearntbefore.在这本书里，有一些以前学过的段落。（3）Therewillbe+主语+todo（表示动作尚未发生）Therewillbesomeproblemstodiscussattheconference.会议上将有一些问题要讨论。【误区警示】当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。 Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.时间不容耽搁。Thereisnothingtosee.没有什么东西值得看。 Thereisnothingtobeseen.看不见什么东西。单句语法填空（1）In1812，theyearCharlesDickenswasborn，therewere66novels_________（publish）inBritain.（2）Yetthereisevidence_________（suggest）thatthetrendisgrowing.（3）Thereisonlyonemoreday_________（go）beforeyourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive.（4）Therearestillmanyproblems_________（solve）beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.完成句子（5）Therearesomecitizens_________（站在画廊前）.（6）Thereisaredcar_________（停在房子外面）.（7）_________（无事可做）andhejustsitsthereabsent-minded.教材原句p.45Whenwewerefinallyrescued，wefeltsuchreliefandjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears.当我们终于获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。5.such...that...如此……以至于……ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.这本书是用浅易的英语写的，所以初学者可以读懂。（1）such...that...可用于以下三个句型：such+a（n）+adj.+可数名词单数+that...;such+adj.+可数名词复数+that...;such+adj.+不可数名词+that...ThisissuchausefuldictionarythatI’mthinkingofbuyingit.这本词典很有用，我正打算买它。Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallhavegreatrespectforthem.他们是非常好的老师，我们都对他们极为尊敬。Hehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。（2）so...that...用于以下四个句型：so+adj./adv.+that...; so+adj.+a（n）+可数名词单数+that...; so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...; so+much/little（少）+不可数名词+that...Susanwassoexhaustedthatshecouldn’teatdinner.苏姗疲惫得吃不下晚餐。Thisissointerestingabookthatweallenjoyreadingit.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。HehassomanybooksthatIcan’tco