研究生英语阅读教程(提高级-第三版)-教学课件Lesson-10

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RevisedEdition

1策划：鞠方安商希建顾问：李光立主编：刘兰芝董敬一副主编：GeraldZimmerman杨真真任林静制作人：毛晓霞国荣2Lesson10OurPictureoftheUniverseByStephenHawking3CatalogueBackgroundInformationWarm-upQuestionsLanguagePointsDifficultSentencesKeystotheExcercisesMainIdea4StephenHawking(斯蒂芬·霍金,1942

-)

aBritishtheoreticalphysicist,hasdevotedmuchofhislifetoprobingthespace-timedescribedbygeneralrelativityandthesingularities(变异)whereitbreaksdown.Andhe’sdonemostofthisworkwhileconfinedtoawheelchair,

brought

onbytheprogressiveneurological

(神经的)

diseaseamyotrophic

lateral

sclerosis(肌肉BackgroundInformation

5萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症).HeistheLucasian(卢卡斯〕ProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton.Hawking’swork,ABriefHistoryofTime,fromwhichthistextisexcerpted,spentmorethanfouryearsontheLondonSundayTimesbestsellerlist—thelongestrunforanybookinhistory.BackgroundInformation

6

BertrandRussell(1872-1970)

Britishphilosopher,mathematician,andNobellaureate,whoseemphasisonlogicalanalysisinfluencedthecourseof20th-centuryphilosophy.BackgroundInformation

7BackgroundInformation

St.Augustine(354–430CE)waswas

one

of

thegreatestthinkersoftheearlyChristianchurch.

Hespentmuchof

hislifein

NorthAfrica,

inwhatisnow

Algeria.

Hismost

recognized

worksare

theConfessionsofSt.AugustineandTheCityofGod.What

makeshim

standoutis

that

hewasthefirstChristiantogobeyondsimplestatementsoffaith8BackgroundInformation

andusedlogicandreasoningtosupporthispoints.BytheWay,BTW:“St.〞inthiscontextmeans“Saint〞,aholyandvirtuousperson.Itsometimesisusedinlowercase,saint,toaChristianbeliever.–Nottobeconfusedinothercontextswith“Street,〞asinBroadwaySt.,BroadwayStreet.9Aristotle(384BC—322BC)Greek

philosopher

and

scientist,whoshareswithPlatoandSocratesthe

distinctionof

being

the

mostfamousofancientphilosopher.BackgroundInformation

10

ImmanuelKant(1724-1804)Germanphilosopher,consideredby

many

the

most

influentialthinkerofmoderntimes.

Inhiswritings

he

argued

for

usingreasontoexplainexperience.BackgroundInformation

11

EdwinHubble(1889-1953)

American

astronomer,

who

madeimportantcontributions

tothestudyof

galaxies,

the

expansion

of

the

universe,and

thesizeoftheuniverse.BackgroundInformation

12

Empedocles(490BC?-430BC)

Greekphilosopher,statesman,

andpoet.BackgroundInformation

13

KarlPopper

(

1902-1994

)Austrian-bornBritish

philosopherofscience,knownforhistheoryofscientificmethod

and

criticismofhistoricaldeterminism.BackgroundInformation

14

SirIsaacNewton(1642-1727)

Englishphysicist,

mathematician,

andnaturalphilosopher,consideredoneofthemostimportantscientistsof

all

time.

Heformulated

lawsof

universalgravitationand

motion—

laws

that

explain

howobjectsmoveonEarthaswellasthroughtheheavens.

BackgroundInformation

15Warm-upQuestions1.Whatisyouropinionaboutthebeginningofthe

universeorthepictureoftheuniverse?2.Whatistheeventualgoalofscience

?

What

isthe

approachmostscientistsfollowto

pursuethisgoal?16MainIdeaStephenHawkingisteachingusabouttheuniverse.Heuses

questions

to

drawusto

hisargumentsbeginningwitha

historical

review

of

known

humanthoughtonthe

subject.These

move

fromearlycosmologistsandvariousreligiousgroupstoStAugustine,allsupportingafinite

beginning.Then

theGreekphilosophers’ideaofalwaysbeingwithoutbeginningorendingwasintro-duced.ThequestionstillwasnotsettledbyImmanuel17MainIdeaKant,whoin1781usedreasoningtoexplainexistence.These

ideaswere

unsettled

until1929

when

EdwinHubbleobserved

thatgalaxiesaremovingawayfromuswhich

brought

thequestionof

the

beginningintotherealmofscience.Hubble

understoodthattomoveaway,galaxieshad

tohavebeenclosertogethersugge-stingthattheoutwardmovementwasinitiatedinatimecalledthebigbang.(Anytimebeforethebigbangwouldbeirrelevant.)Thisexpandinguniversemeant18MainIdea“theremaybephysicalreasonswhytherehadtobeabeginning.〞HawkingallowedtheideathatGodcouldhavedoneitthatway.NextHawkingexplainedwhatascientifictheoryisandhowtotestit.Thoughtheywereseekingonetheorytodescribetheuniverse,theydividedthequestionintotwoparts:first,howithaschangedwithtimeandsecond,whattheinitialstate19MainIdeawas.

Hawkingpointedoutthattheuniverseappearstohaveevolved

according

tocertainlaws

andthattheinitialstateshouldalsobe

accordingtolaws.Hecontinued

withthedesireforonetheorytodescribetheuniversebeingapproachedinpartialtheoriesthatallowscientiststoexaminesegmentsof

theproblemandstated

thatmanwillkeeplooking.Ourcuriositywilldriveustoseekanswerstoourquestions.20LangaugePoints1.astronomy

n

[u]

(line2,para.1)thescientificstudyofthestarsandplanets;astrology21LangaugePoints2.

orbit

vi&vt

(line2,para.1)totravelinacurvedpatharoundamuchlargerobjectsuchastheearth,thesunetc

●我们的人造卫星将绕月球运行两天。Oursatellitewillorbitaroundthemoonforaperiodoftwodays.

●科学家为行星设定三个必要条件,其中一个是它一定

绕太阳轨道而行的。

22LangaugePoints

Scientistssetthreerequirementsforaplanet，oneofthem,itmustorbitthesun.2)n

thecurvedpathtravelledbyanobjectwhichismoving

aroundanothermuchlargerobjectsuchastheEarth,the

sunetc●通讯卫星去年年底被送入轨道。

Thetelecommunicationssatellitewentintoorbitatthe

endoflastyear.23LangaugePoints3)fml

theareaofpowerandinfluenceofaperson,

organizationetc●他们不受共和党的影响。TheyareoutoftheRepublicanorbit.●受......的影响

withintheorbitofsomebodyorsth24LangaugePoints3.vast

adj(line3,para.1)extremelylarge;huge

●全球网已成为巨大的数字信息库。

TheWorldwideWebhasbecomeavast

respositoryfordigitalinformation.●大批难民越过边界。

Therefugeescomeacrosstheborder

invastnumbers.

vastamounts/numbers/quantities/sums

etc(ofsth)25LangaugePoints

vastareas/expanses/tractsetc(ofsth) ●他们拥有广袤的热带雨林。Theyown

vastareasofrainforest.●他们拥有大量的外层空间情况的资料。

Theyhaveavastamountofinformationaboutconditionsinouterspace.

26LangaugePoints

thevastmajorityof

sth

:used

when

you

wantto

emphasizethatsthistrueaboutalmostallofagroup

ofpeopleorthings●有关这个学科的绝大多数书籍完全是垃圾。

Thevastmajorityofbooksonthesubjectarecomplete

rubbish.27LangaugePointsSynonyms:

boundless,broad,enormous,limitless,massive,measureless,immense,extensive,huge,never-ending,unbounded,unlimited,wide28LangaugePoints4.galaxy

n[c](line3,para.1)

oneofthelargegroupsofstarsthatmakeuptheuniverse29LangaugePoints5.flatadj(line5,para.1)1)notverydeep,thick,

or

high,especiallyincomparisontoitswidthorlength

●埃伦正一手托着一个方形的扁盒子沿私人车道走着。

Elleniswalkingdownthedrivewithasquareflat

box

balancedononehand.2)smoothandlevel,withoutraisedorhollowareas,and

notslopingorcurving

●把那张报纸平铺在桌子上。30LangaugePointsSpreadthenewspaperoutflat

onthetable.3)havingnoairornotenoughairinit

●到这儿来的路上，不幸我的车胎泄气了。

Iunluckilyhadaflattireonthewayhere.4)aflat

battery

haslostitselectricalpower;dead

AmE31LangaugePoints●蓄电池的电用完了，我们只好从后面推着汽车。Thebatterywasflat,sowehadtopushthecarfromtheback.5)aflatrefusal/denialetc arefusaletc:thatisdefiniteandwhichsomeonewillnotchange

●我们的请求遭到了断然拒绝。

Ourrequestsweremetwithaflatrefusal.326.plate

n(line5,para.1)Aplateisaflatpieceofmetal,especiallyonmachineryorabuilding.LangaugePoints33LangaugePoints7.tortoise

n(line5,para.1)aslow-movinglandanimalthatcanpullitsheadandlegsintothehardroundshellthatcoversitsbody;turtleThebackofthetortoise34LangaugePoints

Theworldis

reallyaflatplatesupportedonthe

back

ofagianttortoise.

(line4&5,para.1)

Thisis

anoftentoldstory.Itis

usedasanexample

of

how

difficultitisfortraditionalolder-

thinking

peopletogiveuptheideaswithwhichtheyfeelcom-

fortable.Inspiteofthestrongscientificevidencethat

ispresented,iftheydonotunderstandittheypreferto

retaintheiroldbeliefs.35LangaugePoints8.infinite

adj(line1,para.2)verygreatinamountordegree

●

她是一位极有耐心的女性。Sheisawomanof

infinitepatience.

●约翰小心翼翼地挪动了姿势。Withinfinitecare,Johnshiftedposition.

36LangaugePoints2)withoutlimitsinspaceortime

●宇宙似乎是无限的。

Theuniverseseems

infinite.

●有几近无限的可能性。Thereisnearly

infinitenumberofpossibilities.Antonym:finite37LangaugePointsSynonyms:

boundless,countless,endless,everlasting,limitless,immeasurable,inestimable,incalculable,undefined,unfathomable,unlimited,unnumbered,untold38LangaugePoints9.tower

n(line1,para.2)atallnarrowbuildingeitherbuiltonitsownorformingpartofacastle,churchetc39LangaugePoints10.breakthrough

n(line5,para.2)animportantnewdiscoveryinsthyouarestudying,especiallyonemadeaftertryingforalongtime

●科学家们力争在癌症研究方面有个突破。

Thescientistsstriveforabreakthroughincancerresearch.

●在联合国的最后期限到来前数小时取得了重大突破。

ThebreakthroughcamehoursbeforetheUNdeadline.40LangaugePointsSynonyms:

advance,development,discovery,find,improvement,innovation,invention,leapforward,progress,revolution,success41LangaugePoints11.longstanding

adj(line6,para.2)havingcontinuedorexistedforalongtime

●他们很快就能解决长期以来的金钱纠纷。Theyareonthebrinkofresolvingtheirlongstanding

disputeovermoney.

●鉴于你我双方的长期贸易关系，我们可以做成这笔交易。Inviewofourlongstandingbusinessrelationship,wecanconcludethetransaction.42LangaugePoints12.cosmologyn(line1,para.3)thescienceoftheoriginandstructureoftheuniverse,especiallyasstudiedin astronomy●亚里士多德的宇宙论以及相关的运动法那么极富吸引力。ThiscosmologyofAristotle's,togetherwiththeassociatedlawsofmotion,wasenormouslyappealing.43LangaugePoints●我们确实有必要描述一下亚里士多德关于宇宙论、物质和运动的根本思想。

WedoneedtodescribeAristotle'sbasicideasconcern-ingcosmology,matterandmotion.

44LangaugePointsCosmologyisthestudyofthebeginningsoftheworldanduniverse.Nooneknowswhowerethefirsttocon-sidersuchmatters,buttosay“earlycosmologists〞wouldusuallyrefertotheearlyGreeks,andinWesternthought,theearlyChristianchurch.45LangaugePoints13.TheCityofGod(line6,para.3)

TheCityofGodisconsideredSt.Augustine’sgreatest

work.Christianityhadbecomehighlyidentifiedwith

theCityofRome.When

Rome

was

invadedin410

CEpeoplewereshockedandquestionedthepowerof

ChristandChristianity.St.Augustineusedlogicand

reasoningtodefendChristianityasthekingdomofall

God’speopleinHeavenandonEarth.46LangaugePoints14.Genesis

n(lastbut2ndlineofpara.3)TheBookofGenesisisthefirstbookoftheBible.ItrelatesthestoryofcreationoftheEarth,andthefirstmanandwoman,AdamandEve,aswellastheirdescendents.47LangaugePoints15.theotherGreekphilosophers

(line2,para.4)Westernthoughtisbuiltonthephilosophersofclassi-calancientGreece(4thand5thcenturiesBCE).ThemosthighlyregardedareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.48LangaugePoints16.smackofvprep(line2,para.4)1)ifasituationsmacksofsthunpleasant,itseemstoinvolvethatthing.

●这个方案有点科幻小说的味道。Thisplanmaysmackofsciencefiction.●这件事有遮掩的成分。Themattersmacksofacover-up.49LangaugePoints2)tohaveatasteorflavor

●这种冰淇淋有巧克力味道。Theicecreamsmacksofchocolate.50LangaugePoints17.divine

adj(line2,para.4)comingfromorrelatingtoGodoragod

●他暗示说内战是上天的惩罚。Hesuggestedthatthecivilwarhadbeenadivinepunishment.

●他憎恶人的肉欲，欣赏人性中神圣的一面。Hehatedthelustbutadmiredthe

divineinmen.

divineintervention/providence/revelation/guidanceetc51LangaugePoints18.monumental

adj(line2,para.5)veryimportantand

isusuallybasedonmanyyearsofwork

●这部著作不愧为中国新文化运动的丰碑。

ThisbookisamonumentalworkworthyofChina's

newculturalmovement.●许多历史文化遗迹和重要的自然特征也被永久地淹

没。

Numeroushistoricculturalsitesandmonumental

naturalfeatureswerealsopermanentlyflooded.52LangaugePointsSynonyms:commemorative,memorial53LangaugePoints2)extremelylarge,bad,good,impressiveetc●当时把这项任务给他是大错特错了。

Ithadbeenamonumentalblundertogivehimthe

assignment.54LangaugePoints19.obscure

adj(line3,para.5)1)difficulttounderstand

●这些合同的语言晦涩难懂。

Thecontractsarewritteninobscurelanguage.

●你的观点很叫我费解。

Yourideasseemveryobscuretome.2)notwellknownandusuallynotveryimportant55LangaugePoints●这一习俗的起源鲜为人知。

Theoriginofthecustomis

obscure.●伊丽莎白时代有许多不知名的诗人。

Therearemanyminorandobscurepoetsintheageof

Elizabeth.

56LangaugePointsSynonyms:notfamous,little-known,unknownAntonyms:well-known,celebrated,renowned,eminent,noted,famous57LangaugePoints"obscure"canmean“notclearlyexpressed,confusing〞oritcanmean“unfamiliar,notwidelyknown〞.Bothofthesemeaningscanapplyhere.Kant’swritingsareverycomplexanddifficulttoread.Perhaps,becauseofthis,ittakesaveryeducatedanddedicatedpersontoreadhismaterial.58LangaugePoints20.antinomyn(line4,para.5)acontradictionbetweentwostatementsthatseemequallyreasonable

●这一突出的矛盾有其历史因素，存在着固有的特殊性。Thisoutstandingantinomyhasitshistoryfactor,existingparticularity.59LangaugePoints●既有他自身的矛盾之处，也有方法论的启示。Ithasitsownantinomy,andalsosomerevelationofmethodology.Antinomies(singular,antinomy)–aGreekwordmeaning,acontradictionorconflictbetweentwolawsoracceptedrules.InEnglishmuchscientific,philo-sophicalandotherscholarlyterminologyisbasedonancientGreekandLatin.Thesewerethelanguages60LangaugePointsof

ClassicalGreece,andtheRomanEmpire.Foralmost2,000yearstheyremainedthescholarlylanguagesoftheChristianityandWesternCivilization.Eventodayscho-larlywritingsoftenrefertothesewordswhentryingtounderstandtheiroriginalmeanings.Whendoingthis,itiscommontowritetheGreekorLatinwordinitalic,61LangaugePointsthengoontogivetheoriginalmeaninganddiscusstheimplications.–ItiscommonforminEnglishwritingtoplaceanyforeignwordinitalicasanindicatorthatitisnotacommonlyacceptedEnglishword.62LangaugePoints21.thesis

n(line5,para.5)1)anideaoropinionaboutsth,thatyoudiscussinaformalwayandgiveexamplesfor

●这个命题经不起仔细推敲。Thisthesisdoesnotstanduptocloseinspection.

●它把你文章中的引言、命题和观察结果结合起来。

Itcementstogetheryourintroduction,yourthesis,andyourobservation.

63LangaugePoints2)alongpieceofwritingaboutaparticularsubjectthatyoudoaspartofanadvanceduniversitydegreesuchasanMAoraPhD●他还在写论文。He'sstillworkingonhisthesis.●他的论文辩论的很不错。Hearguedhisthesiswell.●提交论文tosubmitathesis

64LangaugePointsSynonyms:disquisition,dissertation,essay,monograph,paper,tract,treatise65LangaugePoints22.antithesis

n(line5,para.5)

–thecompleteopposite

ofsth66LangaugePoints23.absurdadj(line7,para.5)completelystupidorunreasonable;ridiculous●指望人开3小时的车去开20分钟的会是十分荒唐的。Itseemsquiteabsurdtoexpectanyonetodrivefor3hoursjustfora20minutemeeting.●相信数字13是个不桔祥的数字是荒唐可笑的。Itisveryabsurdtobelievethatthenumber13isunlucky.

quite/slightly/completelyetcabsurd67LangaugePoints24.unspokenassumption(line11,para.5)Itisanlogicalposition,assumptionorbiasthatisnotstated.Theremaybemanyreasonsforthis:1)Some-onedoesnotwanttomakeobviousaweakpointorbiasintheirargument.2)Theyarenotawareoftheirbias,becauseitisawidelyacceptedpartoftheirper-sonalculturalexperience.Thesecondisprobablythereasoninthiswriting.68LangaugePoints25.“WhatdidGoddobeforehecreatedtheuniverse?〞“HewaspreparingHellforpeoplewhoaskedsuchquestions.〞(line13&14,para.5)ThisseemstobeabitofhumorbyHawking.InAu-gustine’stimemostChristianwriterswouldhavesaidsomethinglike,“BecauseGodsimplydidit,andhewillpunishyouforevenaskingthequestion.〞Haw-kingrespectsAugustinebecauseheusedlogicandcarefulreasoningtoprovidehisanswer.69LangaugePoints26.property

n(lastbut2ndlineofpara.5)1)aqualityorpowerthatasubstance,plantetchas;characteristic;

quality

●这就是那种有治愈特性的中草药。ThisistheChineseherbwithhealingproperties.

●语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。Linguisticsisascientificstudyofthepropertyoflanguage.

70LangaugePointsSynonyms:

attribute,characteristic,feature,idiosyncrasy,peculiarity,quality,trait71LangaugePoints2)thethingorthingsthatsomeoneowns

●这辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。Thatcarismyproperty;youmustn'tuseitwithoutmypermission.●平安部队搜查了数千所住宅，没收了武器和赃物。Securityforcessearchedthousandsofhomes,confiscatingweaponsandstolenproperty.72LangaugePointsSynonyms:assets,belongs,possessions,riches,wealth,goods,fortune,effects,patrimony,chattels73LangaugePoints3)abuilding,apieceofland,orbothtogether

●房地产价格近来格飙升。

Propertypriceshaveshotuprecently.74LangaugePointsSynonyms:buildings,estate,land,premises75LangaugePoints27.staticadj(line1,para.6)notmoving,changing,ordeveloping;notdynamic

●经济学家预测房价在相当长的时间内不变。Economistspredictthathousepriceswillremainstatic

foralongperiod.

●获得资格证的年轻人数量一直维持不变或出现下降。Thenumberofyoungpeopleobtainingqualificationshasremainedstaticordecreased.76LangaugePoints28.metaphysics

n[u]

(line2,para.6)

Metaphysicsisabranchofphilosophythatdealswith

abstractconcepts,conceptsthatcannotbetestedina

measureablemathematicalway,astheyareinthe

traditionalsciencesofchemistry,physics,etc.77LangaugePoints●形而上学是对现实根本特性的描述所进行的研究。

Metaphysicsisconcernedwiththedescriptionofthe

fundamentalaspectsofreality.●逻辑与形而上学之间有类似之处。

Thereisanalliancebetweenlogicandmetaphysics.78LangaugePoints29.setinmotion(line4,para.6)tostartaprocessorseriesofeventsthatwillcontinueforsometime●按一下按钮启动计算机。Pressthebuttontosetthecomputerinmotion.●他们一旦有了足够的资金，就将方案付诸实施。Theirplanwillbeput/setinmotiononcetheygetenoughmoney.79LangaugePoints30.tenortwentythousandmillionyearsago

(line8,para.6)Itmayalsobeexpressedastentotwentybillionyearsago.HawkingusesacommonBritishwaytostateverylargenumbers.80LangaugePoints31.thebigbang(line1,para.7)Whenusedinreferencetotheoriginoftheuniverseortocreation,the“bigbang〞,oftencapitalizedasBigBang,iscommonlyunderstoodtomeanthebegin-ningoftheuniverseasweknowit,includingthebeginningoftime,about13.75bya,billionyearsago.81LangaugePoints32.infinitesimal

adj(line2,para.7)extremelysmall,smallerthancanbedirectlymeasured,smallbeyondimagination.82LangaugePoints33.unchanginguniversen(line8,para.7)An“unchanginguniverse〞isoneoftenassumedbyreligiousfundamentalists,thosewhobelievethateverythingintheirancientreligiouswritingsistheexactwordofGod,exactlytrueasstated.Ofcourse,eventhisissubjecttosomeinterpretation.83LangaugePoints34.precludevtfml(lastbut2ndlineofpara.7)topreventsthormakesthimpossible

●一项宪法修正案限定任何一位总统的任职都不得

超过两届。Aconstitutionalamendmentprecludesanypresident

fromservingmorethantwoterms.

●我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。

Wetrytoprecludeanypossibilityofmisunderstanding.84LangaugePointsSynonyms:

debar,exclude,makeimpossible,ruleout,prevent,pre-empt85LangaugePoints35.Ishalltake...toobservationsthatwemake.(line2--4,para.8)Thisdiscussionof“theory〞maywellbeconfusingtostudentswithamoretraditionalunderstandingofthescientificmethod:observation,question,hypothesis,experimentanddatagathering,analysis,conclusions,

86LangaugePointsleadingtofurtherquestions.WhatHawkingpresentsiscorrect–WhoamItoquestionStephenHawking!–However,givenhisintellecthis“simplifiedview〞islikelytobeachallengeformostreaders,particularlyiftheydonothavestrongbackgroundsintheoreticalphysicsandrelatedfields.87LangaugePoints36.inverselyadv(line12,para.8)exactlyopposite●优质医疗效劳的提供往往与需要成反比。Theavailabilityofgoodmedicalcaretendstovaryinverselywiththeneedforit.●压力随温度成正比例变化，与容积成反比例变化。Pressurevariesdirectlywithtemperatureandinverselywithvolume.88LangaugePoints37.proportionaltoadjprep(line12,para.8)inthecorrectormostsuitablerelationshiptoitinsize,amount,importanceetc

●惩罚的力度应该和犯罪的轻重成正比。

Thepunishmentshouldbeproportionaltothecrime.

●收的费用直接和财产的价格有关系。

Thefeechargedis

directlyproportional

tothepriceof

theproperty.89LangaugePoints38.square

n(line12,para.8)1)theresultofmultiplying

anumberbyitself

●4的平方是16。

Thesquareof4is16.2)vt

ifyousquaretwoideas,statementsetcwitheach

otheroriftheysquarewitheachother,theyarecon-

sideredtobeinagreement.90LangaugePoints

●那个解释和事实相符。

Thatexplanationsquareswiththefacts.

●他开始让自己的梦想接近现实。

Hesetouttosquarehisdreamswithreality.91LangaugePoints39.provisionaladj

fml

(line1,para.9)likelyorabletobechangedinthefuture

●已宣布说这些日期是暂定的，还有待确定。Itwasannouncedthatthedateswereprovisionalandsubjecttoconfirmation.

●所有这些结论都是暂时性的。

Alltheseconclusionsareprovisional.92LangaugePointsSynonyms:

conditional,interim,stop-gap,temporary,tentativeAntonyms:

permanent93LangaugePoints40.inprinciple(line6,para.9)thereisnogoodreasonwhyitshouldnothappen,butithasnotactuallyha-ppenedyet●他们的看法在大体上是一致的，但是在细节上有所不同。Theyagreedinprinciplebutnotindetail.●财政部原那么上反对这些提案。TheTreasurywasopposedinprincipletotheproposals.94LangaugePoints41.falsifyvt(line7,para.9)tochangefigures,recordsetcsothattheycontainfalseinformation

●他们篡改或者否认任何不符合他们意见的东西。Theyfalsifyordenywhateverdoesn'tsuittheirideas.●为了不让您发现，她还得在账上做手脚。Shehadtofalsifytheaccountssoyouwouldn'tknowaboutit.95LangaugePoints42.devisevt(line1,para.11)toplanorinventanewwayofdoingsth

●筹措维艰。Itisnoteasytodevisemeans.

●你不必想方设法不关注这次旅行。Youdon'thavetodevisewaysoftakingyourmindoffthejourney.96LangaugePoints43.confirmation

n

[u][c]

(line5&6,para.11)astatement,documentetcthatsaysthatsthisdefinitelytrue

●三天后获得了书面确认。Writtenconfirmationcamethreedayslater.

●警方正在寻找这个案件中某些细节的独立证据。Thepoliceareseekingindependentconfirmationofcertaindetailsofthestory.97LangaugePoints44.omnipotentadj(line7,para.12)havingabsolutepower,abletodoanything.Thisterm,alongwith“omniscient〞knowingeverythingand“omnipresent〞,abletobeeverywhereatthesametimearequalitiesoftenattributedtoGod.98LangaugePoints45.allinone

go

(line1&2,para.13)Allinonetry,attempt.Thisidiomisalittlemore