高中英语人教版必修-第一册(2019)-Unit3-Discover-useful-structur

Unit3语法精讲直接引语和间接引语WhatdidSianasay?DirectspeechIndirectspeechObserve:

howtochange?1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”4“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆特殊疑问句：objectiveclause◆祈使句：verb+infinitive◆Noquotationmarks“”◆一般疑问句：if/whetherUsepasttenseWhatdid

he/she

say?DoctorTimThedoctorsaidthatTimneededmoreexercise.Timsaidthathewasdrinkingasfastashecould.概念直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话转述别人的话，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用_________括起来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个________。宾语从句直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词、句型等一般要作相应的变化。直接引语间接引语时态的变化人称的变化12指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3句型的变化4一随主直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致Hesays,“Ilikemathverymuch.”Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二随宾直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.第三人称不更新直接引语的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.二.直接引语和间接引语的变化1.人称变化人称变化Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthat____likedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedLilyhow_______wasthen.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethat_____wantedtohelphim.shehersistertheyHesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.人称变化句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,

Tom.”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIhe

直接引语一般现在时do/does一般将来时willdo现在进行时am…doing现在完成时havedone一般过去时did过去完成时haddone

间接引语一般过去时did过去将来时woulddo过去进行时was/weredoing过去完成时haddone过去完成时haddone过去完成时haddone时态变化e.g.“Idon’tknowthat,”hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’tknowthat.（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.wewerehehadwrittenshewould(4)Theteachersaid,

“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill,

there

away.(5)Janesaid,“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.shewasgoing is

is

时态变化1.Shesaid,

“Ihopeyouareright.”

Shesaid(that)

shehopedIwasright.2.Tomsaid,“I’llcallyoulater.”

Tomsaidthathe

wouldcallyouthen.3.Hesaid,

“Iamhavingsupper.”

→Hesaidthathe

washavingsupper.

4.Thedesignersaid,

“Wehavebegunourproject.”

→Thedesignersaidthatthey

hadbeguntheirproject.

5.Hesaid,“Ifailedtheexam.”

→Hesaidthathe

hadfailedtheexam.

注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。

The

teachersaid"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

(that)

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。LeiMiao

said

“I

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.”→LeiMiaosaid

she

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。YangLong

said

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme.”→YangLongsaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不再变（例：could,

should,

would,

might） Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctortoldmethatIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。（例：oughtto;hadbetterusedto）DangRan

saidtome.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→DangRan

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.直接引语间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those时间状语地点状语方向性动词情态动词

now,

then,

today,

thatday,thisweek

thatweekyesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrow

thenext/followingdaynextmonth

thenext/followingmonthhere

therecome,

go,bringtake

can,may,must

could,might,hadto

部分词的变化tonightthatnightlaterthen如果就在当天转述,tomorrow,yesterday,tomorrow不变如果在当地转述,here不必改为therecome不必改为go（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelphim________________.

（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

beforeBossTimWhatdid

he/she

say?ThebosssaidthatshehadtoldTimnoraisethedaybefore.Timrepliedthathewouldtryagainthenextdaywhenshe

wasinabettermood.句式变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。一般疑问句→由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。e.gMotheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinishedmyhomework.选择疑问句→由whether...or引导的宾语从句。e.g“AreyougoingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays?”sheasked.→SheaskedmewhetherIwas

goingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays.反意疑问句→由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。e.g“Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou?”hesaid.→Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedrockmusic.特殊疑问句→间接引语变成由原来疑问句引导的宾语从句。e.g.“Howmanysleepingpillshaveyoutaken?”askedthenurse.→ThenurseaskedmehowmanysleepingpillsIhad

taken.Theteacherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→TheteacheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

whether

whereIhadfoundlikedhadleft表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语： suggest+doing

、advise+sb+todoe.g.“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning?”Jacksaid.→Jack__________________earlytomorrowmorning.“Whydon’tyoutaketherestofthedayoff?”askedmyassistant.→Myassistant__________________therestofthedayoff.suggested

starting

advised

metotake祈使句→变成间接引语时，谓语动词+宾语+不定式。常见引述动词有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。e.g.HesaidtoAnn,“Tellmeyourproblem.”→HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.“Becarefulwiththedog,boys,”shesaid.→Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomake thenextdayP29,

exx.

2Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.NameStatements/QuestionsDianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Diane

askedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.NameStatements/QuestionsMarthaMarthasaid/toldmethatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaid/toldmethatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.BobBobasked

why

nuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.NameStatements/QuestionsLauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.VincentVincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.句式——祈使句Sbask/…＋sb(not)todoThemothersaidtotheboys,“Bequiet.”

Mrs.Greensaid,“Kim,pleasebringmeacupoftea.”

Theteachersaid,“Don’tmakeanynoise.”

Mrs.GreenaskedKimbringheracupoftea.Themotheraskedtheboystobequiet.Theteacheraskedmenottomakeanynoise.order/tell/advise/…句式——祈使句Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”

Isuggestedthattheyshouldstartatonce.Iadvisedhimtostartatonce.Isuggestedstartingatonce.句式——祈使句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”

Hesaidthathowhappyhewas.Hesaid/exclaimedthathewaseveryhappy.Sbask/order/advise/tell…＋sbtodo直接引语间接引语Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”Let’s开头的祈使句:Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”感叹句:Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.Isuggestedstarting…Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.Heexclaimedthathe…句式——祈使句Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.句式——陈述句①Hesaid,

“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.②Shesaidtome,“I