2023学年完整公开课版人教版Book2Unit1LearningaboutLanguage

Unit1CulturalrelicsLearningaboutLanguage1.GetthestudentstolearntheAttributiveClauseintroducedbythat/which/who/whose/where/when

andwhy.2.MasterthedifferencebetweentheRestrictiveandNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause.3.Letthestudentslearndifferentusagesofthat/which/as.Doyouknowtheroom?Itismadeofamber.Doyouknowtheroomwhichismadeofamber?BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Beijinghasaverylonghistory.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词(antecedent)。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。e.g.:

1.Doyouknow

theman

who

cametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?

2.Theday

isnotfaroff

when

wewillmakeatriptoBritain.TheRestrictive&Non-restrictiveAttributiveClause（限制性和非限制性定语从句）1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略）Theman

who

Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

who

stealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语时可省略，若介词提前则不能省略)Theman

(whom/who)

InoddedtoisMr.Li.Themanto

whom

InoddedisMr.Li.二、关系代词引导的定语从句3.

which

指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略,若介词提前则不能省略)Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Therecorder

(which)

heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary

(which)

youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibrary

fromwhich

youborrowbooks?Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.

Thegoatiseatingherflowers.

Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight?Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?

Heistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.注意：关系代词that不能用于介词后。4.

that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略）Aplaneisamachine

that

canfly.Isthisthelibrary

fromwhich

youborrowbooks?

fromthat5.whose

指人/物，相当于先行词的所有格，whose后须加名词才能引导定语从句。

Ihaveafriend.Hismotherisaprofessorinuniversity.Ihaveafriendwhosemotherisaprofessorinuniversity.Canyoushowmethebookwhosecoverisred?Iamsureshehaseverything(that)youwant.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.关系代词必须用that的情况【点津】(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Thescientist

Ø/who/whom/that

wemetyesterdayisveryfamous

intheworld.

2.Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

that/which/

Ø

sheiswearingisnew.

【即学即练】1.Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.Tryyourbest!4.Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisthekindperson

that/who/whom/ØIhaveeverworkedwith.

Thisisthebestfilm

that/Ø

Ihaveeverseen.

3.Heisthekindperson.

Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1.关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：（1）我仍然记得我参军的那一天。①Istillremembertheday.②OnthatdayIjoinedthearmy.Istillremembertheday

when

Ijoinedthearmy.Istillremembertheday

onwhich

Ijoinedthearmy.或(2)这就是我们去年住的房屋。①Thisisthehouse.②Welivedinitlastyear.Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.或Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.或Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?或Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?(3)你知道他迟到的原因吗？①Doyouknowthereason?②Hewaslateforthatreason.2.当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非都用when,where,why来引导定语从句。(1)这是我们去年参观的地方。······①

这是我们去年工作的地方。······②①Thisistheplace(which/that)

wevisitedlastyear.②Thisistheplace

where

weworkedlastyear.vt.vi.我仍然记得我入团的那一天。

我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。(2)①Istillremembertheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.②Istillremembertheday

that/which

wespenttogether.四、判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。Thisisthemountainvillage

where

Istayedlastyear.这是我去年待过的山村。I’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)Ispenttogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共度的日子。五、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?站在那边的那个高个子女人叫什么名字?Torontoisacity(that)I’vealwayswantedtovisit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。Rome,whichIpaidavisittolastyear,isafantasticcity.我去年参观过罗马，这是一个非常棒的城市。YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇见了金教授，他从伦敦大学来。3.大多数限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而非限制性定语从句的先行词也可以是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。分析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这件事。此时由which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容。4.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中可用who来代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可用who来代替。Thisisthegirlwhom/who

Imetinthestreet.这是我在街上遇到的女孩。关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可以用who代替。Theyoungmanmadeanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.这个小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。关系代词whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可以用who代替。六、as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时的相同点和不同点1.相同点:as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。Themeetingwasputoff,as/whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.这次会议延期了,这正是我们所希望的。2.不同点:as引导的从句既可以位于主句/先行词前、中、后,主句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如……”；而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句、先行词后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点……”。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。Aseveryoneknows,allthatglittersisnotgold.=Allthatglitters,aseveryoneknows,isnotgold.=Allthatglittersisnotgold,aseveryoneknows.众所周知，并非所有发光的东西都是金子。1.(2014·江西高考)Amongthemanydangers______sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.which

B.what

C.where

D.when【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:在这么多水手要面对的危险中,最大的危险可能就是雾了。which指代先行词themanydangers,在定语从句中作face的宾语。【真题在线】

2.(2014·浙江高考)Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,______Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:直到五年级的时候我才成为一个登山爱好者,当时我去树上拿卡在树枝里的风筝。when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thefifthgrade,when在从句中作时间状语。3.(2013·安徽高考)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,________

madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.it B.that C.what D.which【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词which在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4.(2013·山东高考)Thereisnosimpleanswer,_______isoftenthecaseinscience.A.as B.that C.when D.where【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:没有一个简单的答案,这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替前面的情况,意为“正如,正像”。5.(2013·浙江高考)Thechildren,

hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhat B.allofwhichC.allofthem D.allofwhom【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:孩子们都累了,他们都玩了一整天。该定语从句的先行词为children,定语从句的引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语,只能用whom。故选D。6.(2013·浙江高考)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform_____

visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:博物馆将于春天开放,届时将有一个展览,还将有一个看台,在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句,先行词为platform,该空在从句中作地点状语,只能用where。故选B。7.(2013·辽宁高考)Hemaywinthecompetition,_____

heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcase B.inthatcaseC.inwhatcase D.inwhosecase【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:他可能会赢得比赛,那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。逗号一般不可连接两个句子,故排除B。因为是定语从句,故排除C。此处要用which代指上文说的情况,而whose是作定语的,此处不符合句意。8.(2013·福建高考)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句,先行词是those,空格处在从句中作lives的定语,故用关系词whose。9.(2013·湖南高考)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whom

B.who

C.what

D.which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于“介词+whom”结构中。10.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”______.A.asthesayinggoesoldB.goesastheoldsayingC.astheoldsayinggoesD.goesasoldthesaying【解析】选C。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:常言道:“人不可貌相。”as引导非限制性定语从句时,从句用正常的语序,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。astheoldsayinggoes是固定表达,表示“常言道,俗话说”。

Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanmadeanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.whichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with______helpIsolvedtheproblem.6.HeonceworkedontheBird’sNest,___________hissonisproud.whoseofwhich用恰当的关系词填空1.ThisisthenewcarthatIboughtitlastweek._____2.ThemancameyesterdayisourEnglishteacher.______3.Iknowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeetinglastweek._______4.Thosewhowantstogotherepleasewritedownnames.______5.I,whoisyourgoodfriend,willtrymybestto