2022下半年教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级中学）真题

精品文档-下载后可编辑下半年教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级中学）真题2022下半年教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级中学）真题

单选题（共30题，共30分）

1.Whichofthefollowingshowstheproperrhythmical节奏的patternofthesentence

A.Itwas'tooex'pensiveformeto'buy

B.Itwas'too'expensiveformeto'buy

C.Itwastooex'pensivefor'meto'buy

D.It'wastoo'expensiveformeto'buy

2.Intermsofmannerofarticulation发音方法,thesounds[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]are__________.

A.affricates塞擦音

B.fricatives擦音

C.bilabial

D.oralstops

3.Theproducersofoilandother__________commoditieshaveanadvantage.

A.fragile

B.nonperishable

C.waterproofed

D.stainless

4.Being__________ofmoney,shemanagedtosaveenoughforaholiday.

A.economic

B.economical

C.economics

D.economies

5.Farmersareallowedtogrowsmallgardensoftheirownandtheyselltheirvegetables__________theblackmarket.

A.on

B.at

C.in

D.for

6.I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat

Notatall.__________.

A.I'venotime

B.I'dlikeit

C.I'drathernot

D.I'dbehappyto

7.CanyouimaginethedifficultyIhad__________languageobstaclesIfirststudiedabroad

A.toovercome

B.overcoming

C.overcome

D.overcame

8.__________yourvaluablehelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheexperimentaheadoftime.

A.Ifitwerenotfor

B.Haditnotbeenfor

C.Wereitnotfor

D.Ifithasnotbeenfor

9.Inafactory,Li,theguide,isinterpretingforagroupofforeignguests.Whentheyhavefinishedvisitingoneworkshop,hewouldlikethegrouptofollowhimtothenextworkshop.Hesays,“”.

A.Thisway,please

B.Comehere

C.Followme

D.Moveon

10.Therelationshipbetween"furniture"and"desk"is__________.

A.hyponymy上下义

B.antonymy反义

C.synonymy同义

D.homonymy同音/异义

11.ThecoreconceptoftheNewCurriculumis__________.

A.promotingtheprofessionalteachers'development

B.lettingthestudentschoosethecourseindependently

C.advocatingtheconstructivistlearning

D.foreverystudent'sdevelopment

12.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecommunicativeapproach

A.Focusonaccuracy

B.Focusonfluency

C.Focusonstrategies

D.Focusoncomprehension

13.Inapre-listeningactivity,studentsneedtolearntocopewithsomeambiguity不明确inlisteningandrealizethattheycanstilllearnevenwhentheydonotunderstandeverysingleword.Theaimofthisactivityistodeveloptheskillof__________.

A.listeningforspecificinformation

B.listeningforgist

C.listeningforstructure

D.listeningforvocabulary

14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTawayofpresentingnewvocabulary

A.Defining

B.Usingrealobjects

C.Writingapassagebyusingnewwords

D.Givingexplanations

15.Whenteachersteachpronunciationtostudents,whichsuggestionisuseless

A.Usehandsandarmstoconductchoralpronunciationpractice

B.Movearoundtheclassroomwhendoingchoralpractice

C.Trytousevisualaids

D.Relyonexplanations

16.Whatcanclozehelptotrainintermsofwriting

A.Unityoftexts

B.Indentionoftexts.缩进

C.Compilationoftexts.编辑

D.Useofcohesivedevices.衔接手段

17.Whatstagecanthefollowinggrammaractivitybeusedat

Theteacheraskedstudentstoarrangethewordsofsentencesintodifferentcolumnsraarkedsubject,predicate,object,objectcomplement,adverbialandsoon.

A.Presentation

B.Practice

C.Production

D.Preparation

18.Whenastudentsaid"YesterdayIgoedtoseeafriendofmine",whichofthefollowingwaysforcorrectingerrorsisnotencouraged

A.Oh,yes.Iseeyouwenttoseeafriendofyours

B.Yougoedtoseeyourfriend

C.No,notgoed.Youshouldsaywent

D.Sayitagain,please

19.Theteachergivesstudents2minutestoskimatext,andwhentimeisup,heasksstudentstostopandanswersomequestions.Heretheteacherisplayingtheroleofa(an)__________.

A.assessor

B.prompter

C.participant

D.controller

20.Whenstudentsengagedingroupwork,theteachergavefeedbackaftereachgrouphadstatedtheiropinionandshowntheiroutput.Thisiscalled__________.

A.instructing

B.observing

C.monitoring

D.evaluating

21.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Smatteringofsillydialogue.Prettygirlscreams:

"Dad!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.Sillydialogue."DAD!!!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.

WhatOh,sorry.Wewerefallingintoatrancethere.

Whichis,dearmoviegoer,whatmayhappentoyouduringMichaelBay'sTransformers:AgeofExtinction,thefourthTransformersfilmandlasts165minutes,whichisprecariouslyclosetothethree-hourmarkthatBayundoubtedlywillreach--byoursophisticatedcalculations,andatthecurrentgrowthrate,withhissixthinstallment.

Butlet'snotgetaheadofourselves.Despitewhatyou'vejustread,thisfilmwilllikelybeamassivehitbecausebynow,ifyou'rebuyingaTransformersticket,yousurelyknowwhatyou'regettinginto,andyouwantmore,more,more.AndBayistheMasterofMore.

Orjusttakeitfromthel1-year-oldsittingnexttome,whoreservedanyaudiblejudgment--he,toowasinatrance,thoughmaybefromsugarintake--untilthemomenthesawaTransformerbecomeadinosaur.Overwhelmedbythepairing,heproclaimed,"That'sthesickestthingI'veeverseeninmylife."Itwasasifpeanutbutterandjellyhadbeentastedtogetherforthefirsttime.

Thistime,there'sawholenewhumancast.Mostimportant,MarkWahlberghasreplacedShiaLaBeoufaswell,MainHumanGuy.

AsignificantpartofthemoviealsotakesplaceinChina--clearlyanodtothefranchise'shugemarketinthecountry.

Inanycase,webegininParis,Texas,whereCadeYeager(Wahlberg),astrugglinginventor,isdesperatelyseekingabigdiscovery.He'salsoawidoweddad,andsuper-protective(asthemovieincessantlyremindsus)ofhishigh-schooldaughter,Tessa(NicolaPeltz,blondandprettyandineffective,thoughtheone-notescriptdoeshernofavours).

Oneday,Cadebuysarustyoldtruck.Examiningitbackhome,hesoondiscoversit'snoneotherthanOptimusPrime,th

A.Thegirlcan'tunderstandthemovieshewasseeing

B.Thegirlfeltscaredaboutthemovieshewasseeing

C.Themoviethegirlseeingwasverythrilling

D.Thegirlcouldn'tfindherfather

22.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Smatteringofsillydialogue.Prettygirlscreams:

"Dad!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.Sillydialogue."DAD!!!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.

WhatOh,sorry.Wewerefallingintoatrancethere.

Whichis,dearmoviegoer,whatmayhappentoyouduringMichaelBay'sTransformers:AgeofExtinction,thefourthTransformersfilmandlasts165minutes,whichisprecariouslyclosetothethree-hourmarkthatBayundoubtedlywillreach--byoursophisticatedcalculations,andatthecurrentgrowthrate,withhissixthinstallment.

Butlet'snotgetaheadofourselves.Despitewhatyou'vejustread,thisfilmwilllikelybeamassivehitbecausebynow,ifyou'rebuyingaTransformersticket,yousurelyknowwhatyou'regettinginto,andyouwantmore,more,more.AndBayistheMasterofMore.

Orjusttakeitfromthel1-year-oldsittingnexttome,whoreservedanyaudiblejudgment--he,toowasinatrance,thoughmaybefromsugarintake--untilthemomenthesawaTransformerbecomeadinosaur.Overwhelmedbythepairing,heproclaimed,"That'sthesickestthingI'veeverseeninmylife."Itwasasifpeanutbutterandjellyhadbeentastedtogetherforthefirsttime.

Thistime,there'sawholenewhumancast.Mostimportant,MarkWahlberghasreplacedShiaLaBeoufaswell,MainHumanGuy.

AsignificantpartofthemoviealsotakesplaceinChina--clearlyanodtothefranchise'shugemarketinthecountry.

Inanycase,webegininParis,Texas,whereCadeYeager(Wahlberg),astrugglinginventor,isdesperatelyseekingabigdiscovery.He'salsoawidoweddad,andsuper-protective(asthemovieincessantlyremindsus)ofhishigh-schooldaughter,Tessa(NicolaPeltz,blondandprettyandineffective,thoughtheone-notescriptdoeshernofavours).

Oneday,Cadebuysarustyoldtruck.Examiningitbackhome,hesoondiscoversit'snoneotherthanOptimusPrime,th

A.Unconsciousness

B.Fascination

C.Scare

D.Confusion

23.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Smatteringofsillydialogue.Prettygirlscreams:

"Dad!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.Sillydialogue."DAD!!!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.

WhatOh,sorry.Wewerefallingintoatrancethere.

Whichis,dearmoviegoer,whatmayhappentoyouduringMichaelBay'sTransformers:AgeofExtinction,thefourthTransformersfilmandlasts165minutes,whichisprecariouslyclosetothethree-hourmarkthatBayundoubtedlywillreach--byoursophisticatedcalculations,andatthecurrentgrowthrate,withhissixthinstallment.

Butlet'snotgetaheadofourselves.Despitewhatyou'vejustread,thisfilmwilllikelybeamassivehitbecausebynow,ifyou'rebuyingaTransformersticket,yousurelyknowwhatyou'regettinginto,andyouwantmore,more,more.AndBayistheMasterofMore.

Orjusttakeitfromthel1-year-oldsittingnexttome,whoreservedanyaudiblejudgment--he,toowasinatrance,thoughmaybefromsugarintake--untilthemomenthesawaTransformerbecomeadinosaur.Overwhelmedbythepairing,heproclaimed,"That'sthesickestthingI'veeverseeninmylife."Itwasasifpeanutbutterandjellyhadbeentastedtogetherforthefirsttime.

Thistime,there'sawholenewhumancast.Mostimportant,MarkWahlberghasreplacedShiaLaBeoufaswell,MainHumanGuy.

AsignificantpartofthemoviealsotakesplaceinChina--clearlyanodtothefranchise'shugemarketinthecountry.

Inanycase,webegininParis,Texas,whereCadeYeager(Wahlberg),astrugglinginventor,isdesperatelyseekingabigdiscovery.He'salsoawidoweddad,andsuper-protective(asthemovieincessantlyremindsus)ofhishigh-schooldaughter,Tessa(NicolaPeltz,blondandprettyandineffective,thoughtheone-notescriptdoeshernofavours).

Oneday,Cadebuysarustyoldtruck.Examiningitbackhome,hesoondiscoversit'snoneotherthanOptimusPrime,th

A.Theaudiencesarehardtosatisfy

B.Bayisgoodatproducingmassivehit

C.OnlyBaycanbringaudiencemassivehit

D.Bayknowsabouttheaudience'smind

24.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Smatteringofsillydialogue.Prettygirlscreams:

"Dad!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.Sillydialogue."DAD!!!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.

WhatOh,sorry.Wewerefallingintoatrancethere.

Whichis,dearmoviegoer,whatmayhappentoyouduringMichaelBay'sTransformers:AgeofExtinction,thefourthTransformersfilmandlasts165minutes,whichisprecariouslyclosetothethree-hourmarkthatBayundoubtedlywillreach--byoursophisticatedcalculations,andatthecurrentgrowthrate,withhissixthinstallment.

Butlet'snotgetaheadofourselves.Despitewhatyou'vejustread,thisfilmwilllikelybeamassivehitbecausebynow,ifyou'rebuyingaTransformersticket,yousurelyknowwhatyou'regettinginto,andyouwantmore,more,more.AndBayistheMasterofMore.

Orjusttakeitfromthel1-year-oldsittingnexttome,whoreservedanyaudiblejudgment--he,toowasinatrance,thoughmaybefromsugarintake--untilthemomenthesawaTransformerbecomeadinosaur.Overwhelmedbythepairing,heproclaimed,"That'sthesickestthingI'veeverseeninmylife."Itwasasifpeanutbutterandjellyhadbeentastedtogetherforthefirsttime.

Thistime,there'sawholenewhumancast.Mostimportant,MarkWahlberghasreplacedShiaLaBeoufaswell,MainHumanGuy.

AsignificantpartofthemoviealsotakesplaceinChina--clearlyanodtothefranchise'shugemarketinthecountry.

Inanycase,webegininParis,Texas,whereCadeYeager(Wahlberg),astrugglinginventor,isdesperatelyseekingabigdiscovery.He'salsoawidoweddad,andsuper-protective(asthemovieincessantlyremindsus)ofhishigh-schooldaughter,Tessa(NicolaPeltz,blondandprettyandineffective,thoughtheone-notescriptdoeshernofavours).

Oneday,Cadebuysarustyoldtruck.Examiningitbackhome,hesoondiscoversit'snoneotherthanOptimusPrime,th

A.Theaudiencesdon'tlikethefinalconfrontation

B.ThedisadvantagesofTransformers4aremoreobviousthanadvantages

C.Puttingintotoomuchwhatthedirectorskilledposesnegativeeffect

D.ThedirectorBayonlyfocusesonthe3-Dworks

25.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Smatteringofsillydialogue.Prettygirlscreams:

"Dad!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.Sillydialogue."DAD!!!"Crash.Shatter.Boom.

WhatOh,sorry.Wewerefallingintoatrancethere.

Whichis,dearmoviegoer,whatmayhappentoyouduringMichaelBay'sTransformers:AgeofExtinction,thefourthTransformersfilmandlasts165minutes,whichisprecariouslyclosetothethree-hourmarkthatBayundoubtedlywillreach--byoursophisticatedcalculations,andatthecurrentgrowthrate,withhissixthinstallment.

Butlet'snotgetaheadofourselves.Despitewhatyou'vejustread,thisfilmwilllikelybeamassivehitbecausebynow,ifyou'rebuyingaTransformersticket,yousurelyknowwhatyou'regettinginto,andyouwantmore,more,more.AndBayistheMasterofMore.

Orjusttakeitfromthel1-year-oldsittingnexttome,whoreservedanyaudiblejudgment--he,toowasinatrance,thoughmaybefromsugarintake--untilthemomenthesawaTransformerbecomeadinosaur.Overwhelmedbythepairing,heproclaimed,"That'sthesickestthingI'veeverseeninmylife."Itwasasifpeanutbutterandjellyhadbeentastedtogetherforthefirsttime.

Thistime,there'sawholenewhumancast.Mostimportant,MarkWahlberghasreplacedShiaLaBeoufaswell,MainHumanGuy.

AsignificantpartofthemoviealsotakesplaceinChina--clearlyanodtothefranchise'shugemarketinthecountry.

Inanycase,webegininParis,Texas,whereCadeYeager(Wahlberg),astrugglinginventor,isdesperatelyseekingabigdiscovery.He'salsoawidoweddad,andsuper-protective(asthemovieincessantlyremindsus)ofhishigh-schooldaughter,Tessa(NicolaPeltz,blondandprettyandineffective,thoughtheone-notescriptdoeshernofavours).

Oneday,Cadebuysarustyoldtruck.Examiningitbackhome,hesoondiscoversit'snoneotherthanOptimusPrime,th

A.ThesixthTransformermaylastfor3hours

B.Thegovernmentinthemoviewantstosetupaman-madearmyofTransformers

C.Inthemovie,KSICorporationstandsbythegovernment

D.JoshuaJoycehasreportedthenewsaboutAutobotherotothegovernment

26.TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour--ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofa

A.Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon

B.Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible

C.Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale

D.Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking

27.TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour--ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofa

A.themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust

B.thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine

C.themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment

D.cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools

28.TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour--ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofa

A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart

B.Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating

C.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviour

D.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV

29.TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour--ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofa

A.Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity

B.Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety

C.Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues

D.Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents

30.TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour--ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehavio