人教课标高二选修8Unit5

Unit5Meetingyourancestors单词名词指物：mat,sharpener,seashell,album,onion,skateboard,spear,quilt,yogurt,melon,hammer其它：alternative,starvation,accuracy,beast,centimetre,analysis,category,significance,academy,kindergarten,receptionist,botany,division,scratch,radioactivity,wrinkle,punctuation

动词interrupt,assume,sharpen,ripen,spit,delete,pulse,applaud,howl,accelerate,arrest形容词tentative,dizzy,acute,ample,messy,primitive,gay,botanical,systematic,radioactive,skilful

副词regardless,somehow,gaily知识归纳短语词汇表regardlessof,atmost,cutup,fedupwith,lookahead,dateback课文中showsb.around,scareaway,keepoutthecold,careabout,makefire,lieinwaitforsb.句式ifonly用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件e.g.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!语法复习动词时态1.____________n.可能的选择

adj.供选择的;其他的2.____________n.挨饿;饿死3.____________adj.有观察力的;敏锐的;

严重的;深刻的4.____________vt.假定;设想5.____________adv.不管;不顾6.____________adj.足够的;充足的;富裕的starvationassumeregardlessamplealternativeacute(一)基本单词知识清单7.____________adj.凌乱的;脏的8.____________n.

植物学10.___________vt.删;删除11.___________n.痕迹;搔;挠

vt.抓;擦伤;刮坏12.___________n.幼儿园13.___________vt.逮捕;吸引

n.逮捕;拘留botanymessydeletekindergartenscratcharrest14.primitiveadj._______________________15.analysisn.__________________16.significancen.__________________17.academyn._____________________18.yogurtn.__________________19.wrinklen.___________________20.applaudvi.__________________21.acceleratevi.vt.__________________原始的;远古的;简陋的分析意义;意思;重要性学院;学会;学术团体酸奶;酸乳酪皱纹鼓掌欢迎;赞赏加速;促进1.

accuracy

n.精确;准确

___________adj.精确的;准确的

___________adv.精确地;准确地

___________n.错误inaccuracyaccurateaccurately(二)派生单词2.

interrupt

v.

打断……(讲话);打岔;

暂时中止或中断

_____________n.

中止,中断;阻拦物,

障碍物

_____________n.打断者,阻碍者

__________________[搭配]不中断地withoutinterruptioninterruptioninterrupter3.sharpadj.锋利的;尖锐的;急剧的

__________adv.锐利地;急剧地

__________n.锐利

__________v.削尖;(使)尖锐

__________n.削具;磨具sharpenersharplysharpnesssharpen4.skill

n.技巧;熟练

__________adj.有技巧的;熟练的

__________adv.巧妙地,技术好的

__________adj.有能力的,熟练的skilledskillfulskillfully1.不顾;不管________________2.遭受;患……病;受……苦

________________3.把……和……对比________________4.带某人到处参观_________________5.对……感兴趣__________________regardlessofsufferfromcompare...with...showsb.roundbeinterestedin(三)短语6.御寒;挡住寒气_________________7.最多;至多_________________8.切碎_________________9.向前看;为将来打算____________10.追溯到________________11.在乎;担心_________________keepoutthecoldatmostcutupdatebackcareaboutlookahead12.lookverymuchlike______________13.usedtodo______________14.gatherforreunions______________15.lieinwait(forsb.)_____________________16.becomedizzywithhunger______________看起来很像过去常做团聚隐蔽静候以出人不意饿得头昏眼花17.scoopup_____________18.pullout_____________19.withrelief_____________20.nowandthen_____________21.one’sspiritsrise__________________某人的情绪高涨起来搂起来拖出来宽慰地不时地1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!

她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。

ifonly用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。(四)句式2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.

突然间她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。

onlytodo/be(结果)却……3.

We

have

been

excavating

layers

of

ash

almost

six

metres

thick,

which

suggests

that

they

might

have

kept

the

fire

burning

all

winter.

我们一直在挖一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。

have

been

excavating现在完成进行时1.alternative

n.可能的选择

adj.供选择的;其他的课文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？你能想到我们今天使用的替代品吗？

【归纳】

havenoalternativebuttodosth.

别无选择只好做某事核心要点(一)单词

there’snoalternative...别无选择

analternativeto...……的替代品【点拨】

表示“别无选择,只得……”的表达方式还有：

havenochoicebuttodo;can’tchoosebutdo;can’t(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】

alternativelyadv.可供选择地用所给动词的适当形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hehadnochoicebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hecoulddonothingbut______thathewaswrong.

他除了承认他错了别无选择。toadmittoadmitadmit2.interrupt

vt.&vi.

打断……讲话;打岔;

暂时中断或中止课文原句：I’msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere？对不起,打断了你的讲话。请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？

【归纳】

interrupt

(sb./sth.)

(with

sth.)

打断(某人)讲话;打岔;打扰

【拓展】

interruption

n.

打扰;插嘴;阻隔物

withoutinterruption连续地,不断地interrupt打断,中断他人的语言或行为,使其不能继续。disturb扰乱,使人不能平衡或者扰乱别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼。

bother

扰乱某人心绪而使人不能专心或专一。interrupt/disturb/bother选择interrupt,disturb,bother的正确形式填空。

1)

She

was

_________

to

hear

of

your

illness.

2)

I’m

sorry

to

_________

the

meeting,

but

there

is

an

urgent

long-distance

call

forMr.

Zhou.

disturbed

interrupt

3)Don’t

_______

yourself

too

muchabout

me.

4)

We

_______________

in

the

middle

of

our

conversation.

bother

were

interrupted3.assume

vt.假定;设想课文原句:

Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.

因此,我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。

【归纳】

assumesb./sth.tobe

假定/假设某人/某事为

assumethat...设想……,假定……Itisassumedthat...……被认为【拓展】

assumptionn.假定,假设,设想

makeanassumption认为,假定

ontheassumptionthat假定【运用】1)__________(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?

假如下雨的话,我们该怎么办？2)____________thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.

人们认为网上购物是不完美的。AssumingItisassumed4.significance

n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义课文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.

他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。

【归纳】

thesignificanceof...……的重要性/含义

beof(great)significance

有(重大)意义/(非常)重要

beofnosignificance无意义/不重要

beoflittlesignificance不太重要【拓展】

significantadj.有(重大)意义/(非常)重要【运用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkit’s______nosignificance.

他们改变了计划十分奇怪,但我觉得没什么意义。

2)Iattach_________________tothismatter.

我很重视这件事。ofmuchsignificance5.somehow

adv.以……方式,不知怎么地,

不知为什么课文原句:

SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.

不管怎么说,他骑车三十英里去向布莱克博士报告。因为在当时没有其他的交通工具。必会anyhow无论如何anyway无论如何;不管怎样somewhat有点儿;有几分;颇为somehoworother不知是什么原因;由于某种原因;以某种方式6.applaud

vt.

鼓掌,称赞,赞成

课文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.

当族人为大胡的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候,她觉得非常自豪。

【归纳】

applaud

sb.

for

sth.

因某事而赞扬某人

applaud

the

decision赞成某个决定

【拓展】

applause

n.

鼓掌欢迎,欢呼7.arrest

vt.逮捕;吸引

n.逮捕;拘留

课文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.

快到目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她不往前走了,停了下来。

【归纳】

arrestsb.for因……逮捕某人

getarrested遭逮捕

arrestone’sattention引起注意

underarrest被捕makeanarrest进行拘捕【运用】1)Hewasthefirst_______________drunkdriving.

他是第一个因醉驾而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_________theworld’sattention.

美国的新大选吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter___________________andweallstaredather.

她的笑声吸引了我们的注意,我们都盯着她看。tobearrestedforarrestedarrestedourattention1.regardless

of

不管;不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)

regardless

of/despite/in

spite

of

regardless

of...强调不认为……重要,从而不加以重视或考虑;而despite和in

spite

of有“尽管……但是”之意。(二)短语regardless

of

后可接whether,what引导的从句,而in

spite

of和despite后不可接从句,接名词、代词或动名词。【运用】______________heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.无论他是对还是错,我们必须遵守他的决定。Regardlessof2.befedupwith

受够了;饱受;厌烦

课文原句:Well,I’m

fedupwithalltheattentionand…

噢,我对这些关注感到厌烦，……必会feed...on/with用……来喂feed...to...把……喂给……feedon＝liveon(牛、马等)吃东西;

以……为食【运用】

1)Well,I’m________________(厌烦)alltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_________(以……为食)plantsorotheranimals.3)You’dbetter_________________________________(把这些新鲜的蔬菜喂给)thelittleboy.fedupwithfeedonfeedthesefreshvegetablesto3.lookahead向前看;为将来打算

课文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!

她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了！

【归纳】

lookat查看;思考,考虑;研究

lookafter照看,照顾

lookawayfrom把目光从……移开

lookaround参观,四处看看,环顾

lookback回顾过去

lookbackoverone’sshoulder回头看lookdownupon/on蔑视,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,钦佩lookforwardto期望,期待,盼望lookinto调查looklike看起来像……lookon...as把……看作lookout小心,当心lookout小心,当心looksb.intheeye注视某人,直视某人lookthrough浏览,翻阅,审阅lookup查阅(词或资料)looksb.upanddown上下打量某人4.datebackto=datefrom(+时间点)

追溯到,从……就有

课文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.

所有物品都来自三星堆遗址,它们能追溯到

3000至5000年前。

这个短语一般不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。但做后置定语时,常用现在分词。【运用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_____________the16thcentury.

这是一栋可追溯至16世纪的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,which__________asearlyas800yearsago.

每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。datingbacktodatesfrom1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!

她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。

if

only…表示“要是……就好了/但愿……。(三)句式谓语动词用虚拟语气,表示与过去、现在和将来事实相反的愿望。if

only...could/would/might＋do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。

if

only...did...表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。if

only...had

done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。【运用】1)IfonlyI_____________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice!

要是我听从了医生的建议该多好啊！2)Ifonlywe__________(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.

我们明年要是有机会去西藏工作就好了。hadfollowedcouldhaveif

only用来表达愿望,“但愿……,要是……就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟,表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。

only

if由副词only和从属连词if组合而成,only仅起强调作用,“只有”,引导条件状语从句,不用虚拟语气。若其引导的从句置于句首,且与主语间没有逗号隔开,则主句用倒装语序。

if

only/only

if

e.g.If

only

we

could

afford

to

buy

a

place

of

our

own.

OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywill

I

come.2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.

突然间她坐了下去,结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了过来。

onlytodo/be(结果)却……

不定式短语用作结果状语,表示意料之外或不符合说话人期望的结果。这种结构也常常在不定式前加上only来强调惊讶与失望。3.

We

have

been

excavating

layers

of

ash

almost

six

metres

thick,which

suggests

that

they

might

have

kept

the

fire

burning

all

winter.

我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。

have

been

excavating现在完成进行时

表示从过去开始一直延续到现在,或将继续延续至将来。

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时表示已经完成,而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成。如：

They

have

built

a

house.

(完成)

They

have

been

building

a

house.

(尚未完成)4.

Our

evidence

suggests

they

did

indeed

wear

clothes

made

form

animal

skins.

我们的证据表明他们确实穿了用动物皮做成的衣服。

suggest最常用有两个意思：

1)提议;提出;建议,后接动词要用动词的ing形式,后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气(“should+动词原形”,should常省略)。后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气的词可记为：一个坚持：insist

二个命令：command,

order

四个建议:advise,

suggest,

recommend,

propose四个要求：ask,

demand,

request,

require

2)表明,显示,暗示;显出,后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。现在完成进行时语法总结例句构成have/has+been+动词-ing形式TomhasbeenwatchingTVprogrammessinceseveno'clockthisevening.Ihavebeenworkinghereforfiveyears.总结例句用法表示一个由过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作(可能刚结束，也可能还要进行下去)。I'vebeendoingmyhouseworkallmorningandI'vejustfinishedit.Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?有时表示动作的重复。I'vebeenusingthistypewriterforsixyears.有时带有感情色彩。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday!总结例句常搭配的时间状语

表示一个由过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作(可能刚结束，也可能还要进行下去)。I'vebeendoingmyhouseworkallmorningandI'vejustfinishedit.Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?【拓展】现在完成进行时与现在完成时相比,主要有三个特点：1.未完结性。现在完成时表示动作已完成,而现在完成进行时则常常具有未完成含义。2.短暂性。现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可表示延续至今的状态,但是现在完成进行时常常表示短暂性。如：

TheyhavelivedinNewYork.

（长期性）

TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暂性）3.连续性或重复性。现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：

I’vebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybody’sin.【即学即练】选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。1.We_________________(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.

2.Joseph_____________(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.3.I’mtiredout.I_________________(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.

havebeenworkinghasbeengoinghavebeenshopping4.—Jack,youlooksotired!

—Well,I__________________(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.

5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_________________(havebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_______________(arecoming/havebeencoming)aroundallthetime.havebeenpaintinghavebeencoughinghavebeencoming如何介绍文物古迹写作【写作任务】某英文报的“CulturalRelics”栏目正面向中学生征文。请根据提示信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中国西部甘肃省敦煌市东南；2.始建于公元366年,后不断增补直至元代;3.现存洞窟492个,壁画(mural)约45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415尊,展示了四到十四世纪伟大的佛教(Buddhist)艺术成就；4.1987年被列入《世界遗产名录》(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【写作指导】一、审题定调

本写作任务要求介绍莫高窟，体裁属于说明文，故语言要简洁、准确、条理清楚又要突出特色。时态多用一般过去时和一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。二、谋篇布局本写作可分为三部分：第一部分：介绍其位置和修建时间；第二部分：描写其规模；第三部分：说明其地位及影响。三、就本写作而言,可围绕以下内容组织语言。1.第一部分：介绍其位置和修建时间。普通表达高级表达TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistoryDatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyaccomplishedintheYuanDynasty.2.第二部分：描写其规模。普通表达高级表达Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.Theyshowthegreat/fineachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Theyrepresenttheremarkable/outstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.3.第三部分：说明其地位及影响。普通表达高级表达Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethisoldmysteriousplace.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.【参考范文】

◀普通范文▶

TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethisoldmysteriousplace.◀高级范文▶

LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyaccomplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.巩固练习I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents________(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The________(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto________(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit________(mess)you'llneedtowearoldclothes.ripensharpenaccuracy

messy5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider__________(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)________(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew________(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof___________(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)___________(system)way.systematicsignificanceanalysis

botanical

starvationII.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.—Howdidyoubreakyourarm?—IslippedontheicewhileI___________(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe________(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun________________(shine).willbewascrossing

wakeshining3.—Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!—I_________________(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.

BythetimeBill_______(go)tobedtomorrow,he____________(