中考定语从句

考点揭密在复合句中修饰名词、代词，并由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词(词组成句子)称为先行词，初中教材着重介绍了关系代词that,which,who所引导的定语从句。第一页第二页，共67页。中考考点设置1.定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容，从2003年考题来看，全国均未作为重点考查项目，但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内容中出现频率较多。

2.着重掌握引导词的选用，特别是一定的特定境况下只能用that,不能用which的情况：

第二页第三页，共67页。LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy

.形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句作定语叫做定语从句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定语第三页第四页，共67页。

定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Theman

drivingtoofast

wasdrunk.

定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.第四页第五页，共67页。关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/which）

1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）第五页第六页，共67页。

Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.

关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thebuilding

which/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.

先行词

关系词定语从句which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。第六页第七页，共67页。

关系词判断步骤:

首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用

who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;

然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表第七页第八页，共67页。指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语；宾语作宾语可省which物主语；宾语作宾语可省who人主语；宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose人；物定语不可省关系代词的用法第八页第九页，共67页。

最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.

注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)第九页第十页，共67页。第十页第十一页，共67页。thetallthestrongthecleverboyTheboyisTom.Theboy

whoistallisTom.Theboy

whoisstrongisTomTheboy

whoiscleverisTom第十一页第十二页，共67页。

TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.

TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主语)Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.

TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.第十二页第十三页，共67页。关系代词who,that作主语1.Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday.2.YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity.

Yourfriendwho/that

studiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday.第十三页第十四页，共67页。关系代词whom,that作宾语1.Heistheman.2.Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman.

Heistheman(whom/that)

youhavebeenwaitingfor.第十四页第十五页，共67页。关系代词which,that作主语1.Itsoundedlikeatrain.2.Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse.

Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/that

wasgoingundermyhouse.第十五页第十六页，共67页。关系代词which/that作宾语1.Theearthisabigball.2.Weliveontheearth.

Theearth(which/that)

weliveonisabigball.第十六页第十七页，共67页。关系代词

1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(

who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.第十七页第十八页，共67页。

Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.

(宾语)

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.

Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterday

willgiveusatalk.第十八页第十九页，共67页。4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?第十九页第二十页，共67页。appletheredthe

greenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.第二十页第二十一页，共67页。1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.注意:

固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词:

介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)第二十一页第二十二页，共67页。关系代词

3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.第二十二页第二十三页，共67页。关系代词whose作定语

1.Doyouknowtheman?2.Theman’swatchismissing.

Doyouknowthemanwhose

watchismissing?第二十三页第二十四页，共67页。它还可以同ofwhich互换

whose+n.=then.+ofwhich1.Pleasepassmethebook.2.Thebook’scoverisgreen.

Pleasepassmethebookthecover

ofwhichisgreen.

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen第二十四页第二十五页，共67页。1.YesterdayImetMrLi_________toldmethewholematter.2.Thisistheman______daughterisinmyclass.3.Thebook___________theysentmeisverygood.练一练who/that(which/that)whose第二十五页第二十六页，共67页。

————关系副词

关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。

where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.

when:

在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.第二十六页第二十七页，共67页。2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.

I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.第二十七页第二十八页，共67页。

但要注意在以下6种情况下,指物时用that不用which,who第二十八页第二十九页，共67页。1.先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone

等时①Thereismuch

that

shouldbeused.第二十九页第三十页，共67页。2.先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none

等修饰时①Ihavereadallthebooks(that)

yougaveme.②Everydictionarythat

ourlibraryboughtisgood.第三十页第三十一页，共67页。练一练1.Youmaytakeanythinguseful____youwant.

2.Thisistheverybook____I‘mlookingfor.

3.Thisistheonlything____wecando.

4.Weshoulddoall____isusefultothepeople.thatthatthatthat第三十一页第三十二页，共67页。3.当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时①ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.第三十二页第三十三页，共67页。4.先行词前有序数词修饰时,包括thelast.①Thefirstlessonthat

Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.②TheGreatWallisthelastplacethat

Mr.Smithisgoingtovisit

beforeheleavesBeijing.第三十三页第三十四页，共67页。

5.在以which,who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中①Whoisthemanthat

isreadingabookthere?

②Whichisthemagazinethat

youborrowedfromthereadingroom?第三十四页第三十五页，共67页。6.当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时①Wetalkedofthethingsandpersons

that

weremembered.第三十五页第三十六页，共67页。注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用

who,不用that

先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?

第三十六页第三十七页，共67页。Exercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/that(which/that)who/that(which/that)第三十七页第三十八页，共67页。5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.第三十八页第三十九页，共67页。Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,

all

等词时，关系代词只能用that.第三十九页第四十页，共67页。4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat第四十页第四十一页，共67页。1.Theperson_________youshouldwritetoisMrBall.2.Theteacherfrom________IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.3.Therunner____________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.4.Thegirl____________youarelookingforisintheclassroom.5.Themeeting_________weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.6.Thefactory__________Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.7.Theairport________is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8.Theperson________wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.(who/whom/that)whom(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)(that/which)that/whichwho/that第四十一页第四十二页，共67页。3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

4.Haveyoufoundthewoman____pursewaslost?A.herB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose第四十二页第四十三页，共67页。5.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____inChina.A.workB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking

6.All____canbedonehasbeendone.A.WhichB.thatC.whatD.who第四十三页第四十四页，共67页。7.Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople___hehadvisited.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that8.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose第四十四页第四十五页，共67页。Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwho/thatissmoking.Whereisthepicture(that/which)youboughtlastweek?第四十五页第四十六页，共67页。由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whomB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom第四十六页第四十七页，共67页。4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用whom第四十七页第四十八页，共67页。7、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.thatisgrown8、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what9、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which10、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.that由Which引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语介词提前时只能用whichthat第四十八页第四十九页，共67页。11.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.thatB.whichC.who12.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.that13.Jimwasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,___，ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.what由Which引导的非限定性定语从句（不能用that）第四十九页第五十页，共67页。14.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose15.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose16.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语第五十页第五十一页，共67页。26.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导第五十一页第五十二页，共67页。Thenecklace_____yougavemeformybirthdayisgood.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what典型例题解析CPollywasthethief_______stoleMum'snecklace.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.whatATheone_________hegavemeisblack.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whatB第五十二页第五十三页，共67页。Thisisthemostinterestingstory

Ihaveheardof.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatTheone_________oneathousanddollarsturnedouttobefalse.A.whichcostB.whichspendC.thatcostD.thatspend典型例题解析CThisisthefirstarticle

hehaswritteninEnglish.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatBB第五十三页第五十四页，共67页。Ⅰ.单项选择1.Thereisnothing_________Icando.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what2.Doyouknowtheman_________iswearingglasses?A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where3.Theboy_________isplayingfootballismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where4.I'llneverforgettheday_________Ifirstmether.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when5.Ican'tfindthebook_________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)第五十四页第五十五页，共67页。6.Thefilm________Isawyesterdaywasveryinteresting.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.that7.Thisisthepan_________Iheatthemilk.A.whichB.whereC.withwhichD.inwhich8.Isthereanything_________Icanhelpyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what9.All____isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.things10.Isthisthefactory_________youwishtovisit?A.thatB.whereC.whenD.what(D)(D)(A)(B)(A)第五十五页第五十六页，共67页。11.I'mreadingabook_________iswrittenbyLuxun.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when12.Iliketheteacher_________gaveusatalklastweek.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where13.Thisisoneofthebeautifulmountains_________Ihaveseenbefore.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.that14.After20yearshewentbacktothecity_________heusedtolive.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that15.MrGreenisonlyoneofthoseforeigners_________areworkinginChina.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.whose(A)(A)(D)(A)(A)第五十六页第五十七页，共67页。16.Mynecklaceisnottheonlything________ismissing.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where17.Ihatepeople________talkedmuchbutdo____

A.who，fewB.that，fewC.which，littleD.who，little18.I'llshootanyone_________moves.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who19.Idon'tknowthereason_____hewaslatethismorning.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.who20.Wearelookingforathief_____parrotsandnecklaces.A.wholikestealingB.wholikesstealingC.thatliketostealD.whichlikestosteal(B)(D)(D)(B)(C)第五十七页第五十八页，共67页。

单项选择。

1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark____builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen