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©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
ETHICALAND
PROFESSIONAL
STANDARDS
CFA
®
ProgramCurriculum
2020LEVELIIIVOLUME1
•
•
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
©2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006
byCFAInstitute.Allrightsreserved.
iscopyrightcoversmaterialwrittenexpresslyforthisvolumebytheeditor/saswell
asthecompilationitself.Itdoesnotcovertheindividualselectionshereinthatfirst
appearedelsewhere.PermissiontoreprintthesehasbeenobtainedbyCFAInstitute
forthiseditiononly.Furtherreproductionsbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,
includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageorretrieval
systems,mustbearrangedwiththeindividualcopyrightholdersnoted.
CFA®,CharteredFinancialAnalyst®,AIMR-PPS®,andGIPS®arejustafewofthetrade-
marksownedbyCFAInstitute.ToviewalistofCFAInstitutetrademarksandthe
GuideforUseofCFAInstituteMarks,pleasevisitourwebsiteat.
ispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregard
tothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisher
isnotengagedinrenderinglegal,accounting,orotherprofessionalservice.Iflegal
adviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessional
shouldbesought.
Alltrademarks,servicemarks,registeredtrademarks,andregisteredservicemarks
arethepropertyoftheirrespectiveownersandareusedhereinforidentification
purposesonly.
ISBN978-1-946442-88-8(paper)
ISBN978-1-950157-12-9(ebk)
10987654321
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
HowtoUsetheCFAProgramCurriculum
vii
vii
viii
viii
x
BackgroundontheCBOK
OrganizationoftheCurriculum
FeaturesoftheCurriculum
DesigningYourPersonalStudyProgram
Feedback
xi
EthicalandProfessionalStandards
StudySession1
Reading1
EthicalandProfessionalStandards(1)
3
CodeofEthicsandStandardsofProfessionalConduct
Preface
5
5
EvolutionoftheCFAInstituteCodeofEthicsandStandardsof
ProfessionalConduct
6
6
7
StandardsofPracticeHandbook
SummaryofChangesintheEleventhEdition
CFAInstituteProfessionalConductProgram
AdoptionoftheCodeandStandards
Acknowledgments
9
10
10
11
11
15
15
16
16
EthicsandtheInvestmentIndustry
WhyEthicsMatters
CFAInstituteCodeofEthicsandStandardsofProfessionalConduct
Preamble
TheCodeofEthics
StandardsofProfessionalConduct
Reading2
GuidanceforStandardsI–VII
StandardI:Professionalism
StandardI(A)KnowledgeoftheLaw
Guidance
21
21
21
21
26
27
30
30
35
36
43
43
46
48
53
53
54
54
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardI(B)IndependenceandObjectivity
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardI(C)Misrepresentation
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardI(D)Misconduct
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
indicatesanoptionalsegment
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ii
Contents
StandardII:IntegrityofCapitalMarkets
StandardII(A)MaterialNonpublicInformation
Guidance
56
56
56
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
60
63
StandardII(B)MarketManipulation
Guidance
68
68
ApplicationoftheStandard
69
StandardIII:DutiestoClients
StandardIII(A)Loyalty,Prudence,andCare
Guidance
73
73
73
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
77
78
StandardIII(B)FairDealing
82
Guidance
82
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
84
86
StandardIII(C)Suitability
90
Guidance
90
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
93
94
StandardIII(D)PerformancePresentation
Guidance
97
97
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
98
98
StandardIII(E)PreservationofConfidentiality
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
101
101
103
103
105
105
105
109
109
116
116
116
116
118
118
120
122
126
126
126
130
130
137
138
StandardIV:DutiestoEmployers
StandardIV(A)Loyalty
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardIV(B)AdditionalCompensationArrangements
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardIV(C)ResponsibilitiesofSupervisors
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardV:InvestmentAnalysis,Recommendations,andActions
StandardV(A)DiligenceandReasonableBasis
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardV(B)CommunicationwithClientsandProspectiveClients
Guidance
indicatesanoptionalsegment
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
Contents
iii
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardV(C)RecordRetention
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
140
141
146
146
147
148
149
149
149
152
152
157
157
158
160
162
162
162
162
165
165
165
167
StandardVI:ConflictsofInterest
StandardVI(A)DisclosureofConflicts
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardVI(B)PriorityofTransactions
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardVI(C)ReferralFees
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardVII:ResponsibilitiesasaCFAInstituteMemberorCFACandidate
StandardVII(A)ConductasParticipantsinCFAInstitutePrograms
Guidance
ApplicationoftheStandard
StandardVII(B)ReferencetoCFAInstitute,theCFADesignation,and
theCFAProgram
Guidance
RecommendedProceduresforCompliance
ApplicationoftheStandard
170
170
172
173
175
185
PracticeProblems
Solutions
Reading3
ApplicationoftheCodeandStandards:LevelIII
Introduction
MarciaLopez
DavidHockettandTeam
TheKochanskis
CastleBiotechnology
DavidPlume,PhD,CFA
SandraBenning,CFA
ClarisDeacon
LionsgateLimited&BankofAustralia
TonyHillandTeam
RobPortman,CFA
KirkGraeme,CFA
193
193
194
195
196
199
200
203
206
208
208
212
214
215
216
218
227
244
TheDelaneys
DavidMilgram
GabbySim
PracticeProblems
Solutions
indicatesanoptionalsegment
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iv
Contents
StudySession2
Reading4
EthicalandProfessionalStandards(2)
251
ProfessionalismintheInvestmentIndustry
Introduction
Professions
253
253
254
254
256
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
265
266
HowProfessionsEstablishTrust
ProfessionsAreEvolving
ProfessionalisminInvestmentManagement
TrustintheInvestmentIndustry
CFAInstituteasanInvestmentProfessionalBody
ExpectationsofInvestmentProfessionals
FrameworkforEthicalDecision-Making
DescriptionoftheFramework
ChallengesforInvestmentProfessionals
Summary
PracticeProblems
Solutions
Reading5
AssetManagerCodeofProfessionalConduct
Introduction
267
267
269
269
269
270
270
270
270
271
271
271
272
272
273
276
278
282
283
287
292
AdoptingtheCodeandClaimingCompliance
AcknowledgementofClaimofCompliancetoCFAInstitute
GeneralPrinciplesofConduct
AssetManagerCodeofProfessionalConduct
LoyaltytoClients
InvestmentProcessandActions
Trading
RiskManagement,Compliance,andSupport
PerformanceandValuation
Disclosures
Appendix6—RecommendationsandGuidance
LoyaltytoClients
InvestmentProcessandActions
Trading
RiskManagement,Compliance,andSupport
PerformanceandValuation
Disclosures
PracticeProblems
Solutions
Reading6
OverviewoftheGlobalInvestmentPerformanceStandards
Introduction
BackgroundoftheGIPSStandards
295
297
297
297
300
302
303
306
307
TheNeedforGlobalInvestmentPerformanceStandards
TheDevelopmentofPerformancePresentationStandards
GovernanceoftheGIPSStandards
OverviewoftheGIPSStandards
ProvisionsoftheGIPSStandards
FundamentalsofCompliance
indicatesanoptionalsegment
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
Contents
v
InputData
310
314
316
319
322
325
328
331
334
335
341
347
349
350
356
358
360
363
365
370
370
373
374
377
384
395
CalculationMethodology:Time-WeightedTotalReturn
ReturnCalculations:ExternalCashFlows
AdditionalPortfolioReturnCalculationProvisions
CompositeReturnCalculationProvisions
ConstructingCompositesI—QualifyingPortfolios
ConstructingCompositesII—DefiningInvestmentStrategies
ConstructingCompositesIII—IncludingandExcludingPortfolios
ConstructingCompositesIV—Carve-OutSegments
Disclosure
PresentationandReportingRequirements
PresentationandReportingRecommendations
IntroductiontotheRealEstateandPrivateEquityProvisions
RealEstateProvisions
PrivateEquityProvisions
WrapFee/SeparatelyManagedAccount(SMA)Provisions
GIPSValuationPrinciples
GIPSAdvertisingGuidelines
Verification
OtherIssues
After-TaxReturnCalculationChallenges
KeepingCurrentwiththeGIPSStandards
Summary
Appendix:GIPSGlossary
PracticeProblems
Solutions
Glossary
G-1
indicatesanoptionalsegment
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
vii
HowtoUsetheCFA
ProgramCurriculum
C
ongratulationsonreachingLevelIIIoftheCharteredFinancialAnalyst®(CFA®)
Program.isexcitingandrewardingprogramofstudyreflectsyourdesiretobecome
aseriousinvestmentprofessional.Youhaveembarkedonaprogramnotedforitshigh
ethicalstandardsandthebreadthofknowledge,skills,andabilities(competencies)
itdevelops.YourcommitmenttotheCFAProgramshouldbeeducationallyand
professionallyrewarding.
ecredentialyouseekisrespectedaroundtheworldasamarkofaccomplish-
mentanddedication.Eachleveloftheprogramrepresentsadistinctachievementin
professionaldevelopment.Successfulcompletionoftheprogramisrewardedwith
membershipinaprestigiousglobalcommunityofinvestmentprofessionals.CFA
charterholdersarededicatedtolife-longlearningandmaintainingcurrencywiththe
ever-changingdynamicsofachallengingprofession.eCFAProgramrepresentsthe
firststeptowardacareer-longcommitmenttoprofessionaleducation.
eCFAexaminationmeasuresyourmasteryofthecoreknowledge,skills,and
abilitiesrequiredtosucceedasaninvestmentprofessional.esecorecompetencies
arethebasisfortheCandidateBodyofKnowledge(CBOK™).eCBOKconsistsof
fourcomponents:
AbroadoutlinethatliststhemajortopicareascoveredintheCFAProgram
(/programs/cfa/curriculum/cbok);
■■
Topicareaweightsthatindicatetherelativeexamweightingsofthetop-level
topicareas(/programs/cfa/curriculum/overview);
■■
Learningoutcomestatements(LOS)thatadvisecandidatesaboutthespecific
■■
knowledge,skills,andabilitiestheyshouldacquirefromreadingscoveringa
topicarea(LOSareprovidedincandidatestudysessionsandatthebeginning
ofeachreading);and
eCFAProgramcurriculumthatcandidatesreceiveuponexamination
registration.
■■
erefore,thekeytoyoursuccessontheCFAexaminationsisstudyingandunder-
standingtheCBOK.efollowingsectionsprovidebackgroundontheCBOK,the
organizationofthecurriculum,featuresofthecurriculum,andtipsfordesigningan
effectivepersonalstudyprogram.
BACKGROUNDONTHECBOK
eCFAProgramisgroundedinthepracticeoftheinvestmentprofession.Beginning
withtheGlobalBodyofInvestmentKnowledge(GBIK),CFAInstituteperformsa
continuouspracticeanalysiswithinvestmentprofessionalsaroundtheworldtodeter-
minethecompetenciesthatarerelevanttotheprofession.Regionalexpertpanelsand
targetedsurveysareconductedannuallytoverifyandreinforcethecontinuousfeed-
backabouttheGBIK.epracticeanalysisprocessultimatelydefinestheCBOK.e
©2019CFAInstitute.Allrightsreserved.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
HowtoUsetheCFAProgramCurriculum
viii
CBOKreflectsthecompetenciesthataregenerallyacceptedandappliedbyinvestment
professionals.esecompetenciesareusedinpracticeinageneralistcontextandare
expectedtobedemonstratedbyarecentlyqualifiedCFAcharterholder.
eCFAInstitutestaff,inconjunctionwiththeEducationAdvisoryCommittee
andCurriculumLevelAdvisors,whoconsistofpracticingCFAcharterholders,
designstheCFAProgramcurriculuminordertodelivertheCBOKtocandidates.
eexaminations,alsowrittenbyCFAcharterholders,aredesignedtoallowyouto
demonstrateyourmasteryoftheCBOKassetforthintheCFAProgramcurriculum.
Asyoustructureyourpersonalstudyprogram,youshouldemphasizemasteryofthe
CBOKandthepracticalapplicationsofthatknowledge.Formoreinformationonthe
practiceanalysis,CBOK,anddevelopmentoftheCFAProgramcurriculum,please
visit.
ORGANIZATIONOFTHECURRICULUM
eLevelIIICFAProgramcurriculumisorganizedintoseventopicareas.Each
topicareabeginswithabriefstatementofthematerialandthedepthofknowledge
expected.Itisthendividedintooneormorestudysessions.esestudysessions—16
sessionsintheLevelIIIcurriculum—shouldformthebasicstructureofyourreading
andpreparation.Eachstudysessionincludesastatementofitsstructureandobjective
andisfurtherdividedintoassignedreadings.Anoutlineillustratingtheorganization
ofthese16studysessionscanbefoundatthefrontofeachvolumeofthecurriculum.
ereadingsarecommissionedbyCFAInstituteandwrittenbycontentexperts,
includinginvestmentprofessionalsanduniversityprofessors.Eachreadingincludes
LOSandthecorematerialtobestudied,oftenacombinationoftext,exhibits,and
in-textexamplesandquestions.Areadingtypicallyendswithpracticeproblemsfol-
lowedbysolutionstotheseproblemstohelpyouunderstandandmasterthematerial.
eLOSindicatewhatyoushouldbeabletoaccomplishafterstudyingthematerial.
eLOS,thecorematerial,andthepracticeproblemsaredependentoneachother,
withthecorematerialandthepracticeproblemsprovidingcontextforunderstanding
thescopeoftheLOSandenablingyoutoapplyaprincipleorconceptinavariety
ofscenarios.
eentirereadings,includingthepracticeproblemsattheendofthereadings,are
thebasisforallexaminationquestionsandareselectedordevelopedspecificallyto
teachtheknowledge,skills,andabilitiesreflectedintheCBOK.
YoushouldusetheLOStoguideandfocusyourstudybecauseeachexamination
questionisbasedononeormoreLOSandthecorematerialandpracticeproblems
associatedwiththeLOS.Asacandidate,youareresponsiblefortheentiretyofthe
requiredmaterialinastudysession.
WeencourageyoutoreviewtheinformationabouttheLOSonourwebsite(www.
/programs/cfa/curriculum/study-sessions),includingthedescriptions
ofLOS“commandwords”onthecandidateresourcespageat.
FEATURESOFTHECURRICULUM
OPTIONAL
SEGMENT
Requiredvs.OptionalSegmentsYoushouldreadallofanassignedreading.Insome
cases,though,wehavereprintedanentirepublicationandmarkedcertainpartsofthe
readingas“optional.”eCFAexaminationisbasedonlyontherequiredsegments,
andtheoptionalsegmentsareincludedonlywhenitisdeterminedthattheymight
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
HowtoUsetheCFAProgramCurriculum
ix
helpyoutobetterunderstandtherequiredsegments(byseeingtherequiredmaterial
initsfullcontext).Whenanoptionalsegmentbegins,youwillseeaniconandadashed
verticalbarintheoutsidemarginthatwillcontinueuntiltheoptionalsegmentends,
accompaniedbyanothericon.Unlessthematerialisspecificallymarkedasoptional,
youshouldassumeitisrequired.Youshouldrelyontherequiredsegmentsandthe
reading-specificLOSinpreparingfortheexamination.
ENDOPTIONAL
SEGMENT
PracticeProblems/SolutionsAllpracticeproblemsattheendofthereadingsaswellas
theirsolutionsarepartofthecurriculumandarerequiredmaterialfortheexamination.
Inadditiontothein-textexamplesandquestions,thesepracticeproblemsshouldhelp
demonstratepracticalapplicationsandreinforceyourunderstandingoftheconcepts
presented.SomeofthesepracticeproblemsareadaptedfrompastCFAexaminations
and/ormayserveasabasisforexaminationquestions.
GlossaryForyourconvenience,eachvolumeincludesacomprehensiveglossary.
roughoutthecurriculum,aboldedwordinareadingdenotesatermdefinedin
theglossary.
Notethatthedigitalcurriculumthatisincludedinyourexaminationregistration
feeissearchableforkeywords,includingglossaryterms.
LOSSelf-CheckWehaveinsertedcheckboxesnexttoeachLOSthatyoucanuseto
trackyourprogressinmasteringtheconceptsineachreading.
SourceMaterialeCFAInstitutecurriculumcitestextbooks,journalarticles,and
otherpublicationsthatprovideadditionalcontextandinformationabouttopicscovered
inthereadings.Asacandidate,youarenotresponsibleforfamiliaritywiththeoriginal
sourcematerialscitedinthecurriculum.
NotethatsomereadingsmaycontainawebaddressorURL.ereferencedsites
wereliveatthetimethereadingwaswrittenorupdatedbutmayhavebeendeacti-
vatedsincethen.
SomereadingsinthecurriculumcitearticlespublishedintheFinancialAnalystsJournal®,
whichistheflagshippublicationofCFAInstitute.Sinceitslaunchin1945,theFinancial
AnalystsJournalhasestablisheditselfastheleadingpractitioner-orientedjournalinthe
investmentmanagementcommunity.Overtheyears,ithasadvancedtheknowledgeand
understandingofthepracticeofinvestmentmanagementthroughthepublicationof
peer-reviewedpractitioner-relevantresearchfromleadingacademicsandpractitioners.
Ithasalsofeaturedthought-provokingopinionpiecesthatadvancethecommonlevelof
discoursewithintheinvestmentmanagementprofession.Someofthemostinfluential
researchintheareaofinvestmentmanagementhasappearedinthepagesoftheFinancial
AnalystsJournal,andseveralNobellaureateshavecontributedarticles.
CandidatesarenotresponsibleforfamiliaritywithFinancialAnalystsJournalarticles
thatarecitedinthecurriculum.But,asyourtimeandstudiesallow,westronglyencour-
ageyoutobeginsupplementingyourunderstandingofkeyinvestmentmanagement
issuesbyreadingthispractice-orientedpublication.Candidateshavefullonlineaccess
totheFinancialAnalystsJournalandassociatedresources.Allyouneedistologinon
usingyourcandidatecredentials.
Errataecurriculumdevelopmentprocessisrigorousandincludesmultiplerounds
ofreviewsbycontentexperts.Despiteoureffortstoproduceacurriculumthatisfree
oferrors,therearetimeswhenwemustmakecorrections.Curriculumerrataareperi-
odicallyupdatedandpostedonthecandidateresourcespageat.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
HowtoUsetheCFAProgramCurriculum
x
DESIGNINGYOURPERSONALSTUDYPROGRAM
CreateaScheduleAnorderly,systematicapproachtoexaminationpreparationis
critical.Youshoulddedicateaconsistentblockoftimeeveryweektoreadingand
studying.Completeallassignedreadingsandtheassociatedproblemsandsolutions
ineachstudysession.ReviewtheLOSbothbeforeandafteryoustudyeachreading
toensurethatyouhavemasteredtheapplicablecontentandcandemonstratethe
knowledge,skills,andabilitiesdescribedbytheLOSandtheassignedreading.Usethe
LOSself-checktotrackyourprogressandhighlightareasofweaknessforlaterreview.
Successfulcandidatesreportanaverageofmorethan300hourspreparingfor
eachexamination.Yourpreparationtimewillvarybasedonyourprioreducation
andexperience,andyouwillprobablyspendmoretimeonsomestudysessionsthan
onothers.AstheLevelIIIcurriculumincludes16studysessions,agoodplanisto
devote15−20hoursperweekfor16weekstostudyingthematerial,andusethefinal
fourtosixweeksbeforetheexaminationtoreviewwhatyouhavelearnedandpractice
withpracticequestionsandmockexaminations.isrecommendation,however,may
underestimatethehoursneededforappropriateexaminationpreparationdepending
onyourindividualcircumstances,relevantexperience,andacademicbackground.
Youwillundoubtedlyadjustyourstudytimetoconformtoyourownstrengthsand
weaknessesandtoyoureducationalandprofessionalbackground.
Youshouldallowampletimeforbothin-depthstudyofalltopicareasandaddi-
tionalconcentrationonthosetopicareasforwhichyoufeeltheleastprepared.
Aspartofthesupplementalstudytoolsthatareincludedinyourexamination
registrationfee,youhaveaccesstoastudyplannertohelpyouplanyourstudytime.
estudyplannercalculatesyourstudyprogressandpacebasedonthetimeremaining
untilexamination.Formoreinformationonthestudyplannerandothersupplemental
studytools,pleasevisit.
Asyouprepareforyourexam,wewille-mailyouimportantexaminationupdates,
testingpolicies,andstudytips.Besuretoreadthesecarefully.
CFAInstitutePracticeQuestionsYourexaminationregistrationfeeincludesdigital
accesstohundredsofpracticequestionsthatareadditionaltothepracticeproblems
attheendofthereadings.esepracticequestionsareintendedtohelpyouassess
yourmasteryofindividualtopicareasasyouprogressthroughyourstudies.Aftereach
practicequestion,youwillbeabletoreceiveimmediatefeedbacknotingthecorrect
responsesandindicatingtherelevantassignedreadingsoyoucanidentifyareasof
weaknessforfurtherstudy.Formoreinformationonthepracticequestionsets,please
visit.
CFAInstituteMockExaminationsYourexaminationregistrationfeealsoincludes
digitalaccesstothree-hourmockexaminationsthatsimulatethemorningandafter-
noonsessionsoftheactualCFAexamination.esemockexaminationsareintended
tobetakenafteryoucompleteyourstudyofthefullcurriculumandtakepractice
questionssoyoucantestyourunderstandingofthecurriculumandyourreadiness
fortheexamination.Youwillreceivefeedbackattheendofthemockexamination,
notingthecorrectresponsesandindicatingtherelevantassignedreadingssoyoucan
assessareasofweaknessforfurtherstudyduringyourreviewperiod.Werecommend
thatyoutakemockexaminationsduringthefinalstagesofyourpreparationforthe
actualCFAexamination.Formoreinformationonthemockexaminations,pleasevisit
.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
HowtoUsetheCFAProgramCurriculum
xi
PreparatoryProvidersAfteryouenrollintheCFAProgram,youmayreceivenumer-
oussolicitationsforpreparatorycoursesandreviewmaterials.Whenconsidering
aprepcourse,makesuretheproviderbelongstotheCFAInstituteApprovedPrep
ProviderProgram.ApprovedPrepProvidershavecommittedtofollowCFAInstitute
guidelinesandhighstandardsintheirofferingsandcommunicationswithcandidates.
FormoreinformationontheApprovedPrepProviders,pleasevisitwww.cfainstitute.
org/programs/cfa/exam/prep-providers).
Remember,however,thattherearenoshortcutstosuccessontheCFAexamina-
tions;readingandstudyingtheCFAcurriculumisthekeytosuccessontheexamina-
tion.eCFAexaminationsreferenceonlytheCFAInstituteassignedcurriculum—no
preparatorycourseorreviewcoursematerialsareconsultedorreferenced.
SUMMARY
EveryquestionontheCFAexaminationisbasedonthecontentcontainedintherequired
readingsandononeormoreLOS.Frequently,anexaminationquestionisbasedona
specificexamplehighlightedwithinareadingoronaspecificpracticeproblemandits
solution.TomakeeffectiveuseoftheCFAProgramcurriculum,pleaserememberthese
keypoints:
1
Allpagesofthecurriculumarerequiredreadingfortheexaminationexceptfor
occasionalsectionsmarkedasoptional.Youmayreadoptionalpagesasback-
ground,butyouwillnotbetestedonthem.
2
3
Allquestions,problems,andtheirsolutions—foundattheendofreadings—are
partofthecurriculumandarerequiredstudymaterialfortheexamination.
Youshouldmakeappropriateuseofthepracticequestionsandmockexamina-
tionsaswellasothersupplementalstudytoolsandcandidateresourcesavailable
at.
4
5
Createascheduleandcommitsufficientstudytimetocoverthe16studysessions,
usingthestudyplanner.Youshouldalsoplantoreviewthematerialsandtake
practicequestionsandmockexaminations.
Someoftheconceptsinthestudysessionsmaybesupersededbyupdated
rulingsand/orpronouncementsissuedafterareadingwaspublished.Candidates
areexpectedtobefamiliarwiththeoverallanalyticalframeworkcontainedinthe
assignedreadings.Candidatesarenotresponsibleforchangesthatoccurafterthe
materialwaswritten.
FEEDBACK
AtCFAInstitute,wearecommittedtodeliveringacomprehensiveandrigorouscurric-
ulumforthedevelopmentofcompetent,ethicallygroundedinvestmentprofessionals.
Werelyoncandidateandinvestmentprofessionalcommentsandfeedbackaswe
worktoimprovethecurriculum,supplementalstudytools,andcandidateresources.
Pleasesendanycommentsorfeedbacktoinfo@.Youcanbe
assuredthatwewillreviewyoursuggestionscarefully.Ongoingimprovementsinthe
curriculumwillhelpyouprepareforsuccessontheupcomingexaminationsandfor
alifetimeoflearningasaseriousinvestmentprofessional.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
EthicalandProfessional
Standards
StudySession1
StudySession2
EthicalandProfessionalStandards(1)
EthicalandProfessionalStandards(2)
ecandidateshouldbeabletodemonstrateathoroughknowledgeoftheCFA
InstituteCodeofEthicsandStandardsofProfessionalConduct,includingtherules
andsanctionsrelatingtodisciplinaryproceedings.
©2019CFAInstitute.Allrightsreserved.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
©CFAInstitute.Forcandidateuseonly.Notfordistribution.
ETHICALANDPROFESSIONALSTANDARDS
1
STUDYSESSION
EthicalandProfessional
Standards(1)
C
FAInstitutemembersandCFAProgramcandidatescontinuallyfacesituations
1
requiringprofessionalandethicaljudgement.Byactinginamannerconsistentwith
theCFAInstitute
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