2022年6月大学英语六级考试CET6(B卷)真题

精品文档-下载后可编辑年6月大学英语六级考试CET6(B卷)真题2022年6月大学英语六级考试CET6(B卷)真题

PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.1近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2出现这种现象的原因和后果；3我认为…[15分]

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericansAsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls."I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."StinginthetailAshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.DramaticshiftWhatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.LingeringracismIftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2022."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.DropinbiasBrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2022,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.Talkinghonestly"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.HugeobstaclesItcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.BeyondraceWealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?[1分]

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

3.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______.[1分]

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

4.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?[1分]

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

5.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.[1分]

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

6.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?[1分]

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

7.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.[1分]

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

8.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.[1分]

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

9.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton___.[每空1分]

10.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's___.[每空1分]

11.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial___.[每空1分]

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

12.[1分]

A.Themanfailedtokeephispromise.

B.Thewomanhasapoormemory.

C.Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.

D.Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.

13.[1分]

A.Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.

B.Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.

C.Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.

D.Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.

14.[1分]

A.TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.

B.ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.

C.SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.

D.ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.

15.[1分]

A.Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.

B.Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.

C.Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.

D.Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.

16.[1分]

A.LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.

B.GoseeDaisyimmediately.

C.ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.

D.BuyDaisyanewnotebook.

17.[1分]

A.Batteries.

B.Gardentools.

C.Cameras.

D.Lightbulbs.

18.[1分]

A.Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.

B.Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.

C.Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.

D.Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.

19.[1分]

A.Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.

B.Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.

C.Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.

D.Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.

Questions20to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

20.[1分]

A.Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.

B.Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.

C.Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.

D.Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.

21.[1分]

A.Theyhateexams.

B.TheallplantostudyinCambridge.

C.Theyarealladults.

D.Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.

22.[1分]

A.Difficultbutrewarding.

B.Variedandinteresting.

C.Time-consumingandtiring.

D.Demandingandfrustrating.

Questions23to26arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.[1分]

A.Interviewingamovingstar.

B.Discussingteenagerolemodels.

C.Hostingatelevisionshow.

D.Reviewinganewbiography.

24.[1分]

A.Helosthismother.

B.HewasunhappyinCalifornia.

C.Hemissedhisaunt.

D.Hehadtoattendschoolthere.

25.[1分]

A.Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.

B.Hegotseriouslyintoacting.

C.HehostedtalkshowsonTV.

D.HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.

26.[1分]

A.Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.

B.Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.

C.HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.

D.Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.

SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions27to30arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

27.[1分]

A.Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.

B.AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.

C.Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.

D.18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.

28.[1分]

A.Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.

B.HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.

C.HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.

D.HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.

29.[1分]

A.Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.

B.Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.

C.Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.

D.Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.

30.[1分]

A.Sunny.

B.Rainy.

C.Windy.

D.Cloudy.

PassageTwoQuestions31to33arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

31.[1分]

A.Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.

B.Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.

C.Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.

D.Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.

32.[1分]

A.ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.

B.BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.

C.Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.

D.Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.

33.[1分]

A.Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.

B.Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.

C.Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.

D.Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.

PassageThreeQuestions34to36arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

34.[1分]

A.Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.

B.ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.

C.Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.

D.Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.

35.[1分]

A.ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.

B.Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.

C.Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.

D.Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.

36.[1分]

A.Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.

B.Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.

C.Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.

D.Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.

SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(37)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(38)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(39)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(40)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.The(41)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(42)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(43)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(44)______bylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(45)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(46)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(47)________________________________________________.

37.[1分]

38.[1分]

39.[1分]

40.[1分]

41.[1分]

42.[1分]

43.[1分]

44.[1分]

45.[1分]

46.[1分]

47.[1分]

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions48to52arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

48.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.[1分]

49.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning.[2分]

50.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.[2分]

51.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.[2分]

52.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.[2分]

SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions53to57arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2022.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

53.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?[1分]

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

54.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?[1分]

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

55.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?[1分]

A.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

56.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?[1分]

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

57.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?[1分]

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

PassageTwoQuestions58to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2022studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofe