高中英语人教版必修三教学案：Unit-4-Section-5-含答案

[技法指导]解决问题类说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。此类作文的篇章结构如下：第一部分：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。黄金表达常用的开头语1．Oneofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheworldtodayisglobalwarming.世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。2．Asweallknow,theglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasinglyseveremainlyduetoglobalwarming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。3．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。4．Inordertoavoidtrafficjams,Istronglysuggestsomeeffectivemeasuresbetaken.为避免交通拥堵，我强烈建议采取一些有效的措施。主体部分常用表达1．Inthefirstplace,Iwouldalsorecommendabalanceddiet.首先，我也会推荐均衡饮食。2．Weshouldworktogethertofightagainstpollutionandmakeourenvironmentsaferandmorecomfortabletolivein.我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使我们的环境更安全更适宜居住。3．Thereisnodenyingthefactthatitisaseriousproblem;thegovernmentshouldtakestrongmeasurestodealwithit.无可否认，这是一个严重的问题，政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。4．Themostimportantthingisthatpeopleshouldbemadeawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.最重要的是应让人们意识到保护环境的重要性。常用的结束语1．Ifwearemoreenvironmentallyfriendly,theearth'stemperaturemaynotrisetoomuch.如果我们多善待环境，地球温度就可能不会上升那么快了。2．AsfarasI'mconcerned,it'severyone'sdutytoprotecttheenvironment.依我看来，保护环境是我们每个人的责任。3．It'shightimethatwedidsomethingaboutit.是我们该做些事情的时候了。[写作规范][题目要求]假设你是李华，对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行，重点问题是如何克服吃饭和喝水的问题。要求：词数100左右。[三步作文法]第一步：搜索单元词汇1．重力gravity2．飘浮float3．阻止……做……prevent_..._from_...4．解决solve5．尝试try/have_a_try6．迟早；终于in_time第二步：巧用单元语法和句型(一)根据汉语提示完成句子1．如果我参观月球，会有一个问题。IfIvisitedthemoon,there_would_be_a_problem.2．我可能要面对一个问题。Imightbe_facedwithaproblem.3．Whatcanbestdescribetheauthor'sfeelingsafterthefirstpractice?A．Mixed.B．Puzzled.C．Thankful.D．Regretful.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Isatrigid,tryingtocatchmybreath.Partofmewantedtogetoutandneverdriveagain...Ihadovercomeoneofmygreatestfears—losingcontrolofthecar.Ievenfeltalittleexcited”不难看出，第一次练习结束后，作者既害怕又因为自己克服了恐惧而感到激动，心情很复杂。4．Whatdoweknowabouttheclass?A．It'stiring.B．It'shelpful.C．It'sexpensive.D．It'sinteresting.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“therewassnowontheground,Ididn'teventhinkaboutcallinganotherparenttodrivemydaughtertoschool.‘Icandothis，’Itoldmyself.AndIdid.”可知，再次遇到下雪天的时候，作者自己开车送女儿去学校，这说明作者克服了自己的恐惧，课程很有用。Ⅱ.任务型阅读Mostofusbelievethatweknowourselvesbetterthananyoneinthisworld.Butalotofpeoplearestillstrangerstothemselves.Why?1.________Ifyouareoneofthosewhowanttoknowyourselfbetter,thesestepswillguideyou.Takesometimetowritedownthingsthatyouknowverywellaboutyourself—yourinterests,likes,dislikes,preferences,hobbies,strengths,weaknesses,hopes,fears,dreamsandsoon.2.________Bycreatingalistofyourpersonalcharacteristicsthatyouarefamiliarwith,youarekeepingyourselfintouchwithyourself.Takepersonalityandpsychologicaltests.TheInternethasarichsourceoffreeonlinepersonalityandpsychologicalassessmentsandtests.3.________Knowyourselfbetterbyunderstandingpeople'sperceptions(看法)aboutyou.4.________Sometimes,youthinkyouknowyourselfenough,butotherpeoplewhoseeyoufromtheirpointofviewcanofferyousomeinsights(洞察力)astohowyouactandgetunderstoodbyothers.Becareful,however,tobalanceallperceptionstocomeupwithanobjectiveviewaboutyourself.5．________It'salifetimeprocess.Everydayyouwillbegivennewinsightsaboutyourself.Writingajournalwillhelpyoukeeptrackofthesenewdiscoveries.Maintainingthathungerforknowingyourselfbetterwillmakeyoumoreself­aware,whichwillopenupnewopportunitiestoenrichyourlife.A．Keeponlearningwhoyouare.B．Byansweringthem,youwillunderstandmoreaboutyourself.C．Reflectonthesequalitiesandfindouthowtheyinfluenceyourlife.D．Youshouldhavetheconfidencethatyoucandowellinsomefields.E．Payattentiontowhatyourfamily,friendsandteacherssayaboutyou.F．Spendtimecomparingyourselfwithothers,andyou'llknowyourselfbetter.G．Noteveryoneiscourageousenoughtoreallyachieveabetterself­understanding.语篇解读：本文是说明文。介绍如何更好地了解自己。1．解析：选G根据本空前“Butalotofpeoplearestillstrangerstothemselves.Why？”可知，该选项正好回答了为什么有很多人仍然不了解自己这一问题——并不是每个人都有足够的勇气真正地达到了较好的自我了解，故选G。2．解析：选C本选项中的“thesequalities”指代前一句所列举出的个性特征，同时与后一句中的“yourpersonalcharacteristics”所指的是同一事物，故选C。3．解析：选B本选项中的them指代前一句中的“onlinepersonalityandpsychologicalassessmentsandtests.”本句意为：通过回答这些测试，你会更多地了解自己。故选B。4．解析：选E本选项承接上一句说明了如何通过别人对你的看法来更好地了解自己，即要留意身边的人是怎样评价你的，故选E。5．解析：选A根据本段的内容可以概括出本段的主旨，即要持续不断地了解自己，故此处选A。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenIqbalMasihwasfouryearsold,hisdesperatelypoor,uneducatedparentssoldhimtoacarpetmakerfor$200.Forsixyears,Iqbalmadecarpetseveryday.Hedidnoteatwellandspent14hoursaday__1__overacarpetloom(织机).Asaresult,hewas__2__andhisbonesdidnotgrowcorrectly.The__3__intheairdamagedhislungs.WhenIqbalwas__4__，EhsanUllaKhan,founderoftheBondedLaborLiberationFront(BLLF),__5__Iqbal.KhanfoundedBLLFin1988to__6__childlaborinPakistan.Theorganizationhasfreedmorethan30，000childrenandrunsitsownschools.Iqbalwenttoschoolandtheneventually__7__theBLLFtoworkinsupportofPakistan'stwelvemillionchildlaborers.Although__8__andsmall,Iqbalwasbraveand__9__.AsaworkerwiththeBLLF,hespoketochildrenabouttheir__10__andworkedtofreeasmanyas3，000children.HealsotraveledtotheUnitedStatesandEuropeasaninternational__11__fortheBLLF.Onthese__12__hemadespeechesaskingforanendtobondedchildlabor.Healsoaskedpeoplenotto__13__Pakistanicarpetsbecausealmostallofthemweremadeby__14__．Iqbalbecameaninternational__15__.In1992,Pakistanicarpetexportsdroppedforthefirsttimeindecades.Exportsdecreasedfurtherin1993and1994.AlthoughIqbalwas__16__ayoungchild,hebecamethe__17__ofPakistan'scarpetmakers.OnApril16,1995,thecarpet__18__gottheirrevenge(报复).Iqbalwasshotand__19__whileridinghisbicyclewithafriend.Hiskillershavenotyetbeencaught.__20__，theworkofthisbraveyoungmancontinuesandtheoutrage(愤慨)againstchildlaborisgrowingallovertheworld.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了IqbalMasih做童工的经历和反对巴基斯坦雇用童工做地毯的故事。1．A.bendingB．walkingC．talkingD．sleeping解析：选A根据常识可知，织地毯时童工应该是弯着腰的，再结合下文的“hisbonesdidnotgrowcorrectly”可推断，Iqbal每天长时间“弯着腰(bending)”织地毯。2．A.strongB．prettyC．darkD．tiny解析：选D由上文的“Hedidnoteatwell”可推断，Iqbal因为营养不良长得很“瘦小(tiny)”。3．A.soundB．fragranceC．dustD．water解析：选C由下文的“damagedhislungs”可推断，空气中的“尘埃(dust)”损害了Iqbal的肺。4．A.fourB．sixC．tenD．twelve解析：选C由第一段中的“WhenIqbalMasihwasfouryearsold,his...parentssoldhimtoacarpetmakerfor$200.Forsixyears,Iqbalmadecarpetseveryday”可推断，Iqbal十岁时结束了童工生涯。5．A.metB．freedC．hurtD．hired解析：选B由下文的“Theorganizationhasfreedmorethan30，000children”及“Iqbalwenttoschool”可推断，Khan使Iqbal获得了“自由(freed)”。6．A.takeadvantageofB．fightagainstC．giveupD．turnto解析：选B由下文的“Theorganizationhasfreedmorethan30，000children”可推断，Khan成立BLLF的目的是“反对(fightagainst)”巴基斯坦雇用童工。7．A.startedB．neededC．joinedD．forbade解析：选C由下文的“workinsupportofPakistan'stwelvemillionchildlaborers”可推断，Iqbal“加入了(joined)”BLLF。8．A.sillyB．angryC．lazyD．sick解析：选D由第一段末的“Asaresult,hewas...theairdamagedhislungs”可推断，Iqbal“身体不好(sick)”。9．A.smartB．richC．modestD．kind解析：选A下文提到Iqbal代表BLLF在美国和欧洲演讲并成功解救了很多童工，他还倡议人们不要购买巴基斯坦的地毯。这说明他是一个“聪明的(smart)”孩子。10．A.rightsB．giftsC．jobsD．friends解析：选A上文提到Iqbal反对雇用童工，据此可推断他应该是向孩子们讲他们的各项“权利(rights)”，如受教育的权利。11．A.businessmanB．gentlemanC．spokesmanD．policeman解析：选C由下文的“hemadespeeches”可推断，Iqbal以BLLF的国际“发言人(spokesman)”的身份去了美国和欧洲。12．A.factsB．tripsC．boardsD．carpets解析：选B由上文的“HealsotraveledtotheUnitedStatesandEurope”可知应选trips。13．A.showB．buyC．sellD．damage解析：选B由下文的“In1992,Pakistanicarpetexportsdropped”可推断，Iqbal请求人们不要“购买(buy)”巴基斯坦地毯。14．A.machinesB．adultsC．robotsD．children解析：选DIqbal反对雇用童工，并为此请求人们不要购买巴基斯坦地毯，因为几乎所有的巴基斯坦地毯都是“儿童(children)”制作的。15．A.starB．writerC．heroD．teacher解析：选CIqbal反对雇用童工且工作效果显著，据此可推断，他成了国际“英雄(hero)”。16．A.stillB．evenC．alreadyD．also解析：选A参见下题解析。17．A.supporterB．partnerC．leaderD．enemy解析：选D由上文Iqbal号召人们不要购买巴基斯坦地毯及下文的“gottheirrevenge”可推断，Iqbal虽然“仍然(still)”是个孩子，但是因为触犯了地毯制造商的利益而成了他们的“敌人(enemy)”。18．A.designersB．loversC．makersD．consumers解析：选C上文提到Iqbal成了地毯制造商的敌人，要报复他的应该也是这些人。故选makers。19．A.punishedB．touchedC．firedD．killed解析：选D由下文“Hiskillers”可知，Iqbal被“杀害了(killed)”。20．A.InsteadB．HoweverC．ThereforeD．Otherwise解析：选B“杀死Iqbal的凶手没有被抓到”和“反对童工的工作继续进行，人们对雇用童工的行为更加愤慨”之间是转折关系，故选However。Ⅳ.语法填空M：MissDermott,doyouthink,withinafewyears,manypeoplecouldworkathomeinsteadof1.________(work)inoffices?W：Oh,yes.It'shappeningnow.Yousee,thecommunicationindustry2.________(make)muchprogressinthelasttenyears.M：Andhowdothesepeoplemanagetowork?Imean,3.________equipmentdotheyhaveathome?W：Well,4.________haveatelevisionset,acomputer,aprinter,andatelephonetokeepintouch5.________others.M：Oh,Isee.It'scertainthatthere'resomeadvantagesofbeingabletoworkathome.W：Yes.Peopledon'thavetospendalotoftime6.________(get)toandfromtheirworkplaces.Therushhours,aseveryoneknows,arethe7.________(bad)timeofadaytotravel,andmillionsofpeoplehavetogetupearly.M：Oh,Isee.W：Inthefuture,aBritishfirm,8.________baseisinLondon,mightemployclerksinBelfast,and9.________PariscompanycouldhavetheirsecretariesinSpain,10.________thentheyjustareabletouseatelephoneandacomputertofinishallthetasks.语篇解读：未来可能会有很多人只需要在家办公，不再需要在家和公司之间来回奔波。1．解析：working考查非谓语动词。insteadofdoingsth.“而不是做某事”。2．解析：hasmade考查时态。inthelast...years常和现在完成时连用