lecture 9 翻译技巧八 顺序和逆序法

技巧7-语态变换法翻译练习：1.ThedockerswereseenunloadingthechemicalfertilizerfromS.S.“Apollo〞.2.TheFinnishTradeMissionwasgivenawarmwelcomebytheircounterparts.3.OurreasonablepricehasalreadybeenacceptedbySears,whichwillleadtofurtherbusiness.4．今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要和大家交换意见，……5．只有你方把现有订货量增至我们所确定的最低数字，我们才能供货。整理ppt练习：1.ThedockerswereseenunloadingthechemicalfertilizerfromS.S.“Apollo〞.2.TheFinnishTradeMissionwasgivenawarmwelcomebytheircounterparts.3.OurreasonablepricehasalreadybeenacceptedbySears,whichwillleadtofurtherbusiness.4．今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要和大家交换意见，……5．只有你方把现有订货量增至我们所确定的最低数字，我们才能供货。1．有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗〞号轮船卸化肥。2．芬兰贸易代表团受到同行们的热烈欢送。3．我方合理的价格已由西尔斯公司接受，这样可促成更多的贸易。4．Youhavebeeninvitedtothisforumtodaytoexchangeideason……5.Wewillnotbeabletodispatchyourshipmentuntilyourorderislargeenoughtoqualifyourminimumrequirementinsize.整理ppt技巧7-语态变换法翻译练习答案：1．有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗〞号轮船卸化肥。2．芬兰贸易代表团受到同行们的热烈欢送。3．我方合理的价格已由西尔斯公司接受，这样可促成更多的贸易。4．Youhavebeeninvitedtothisforumtodaytoexchangeideason……5.Wewillnotbeabletodispatchyourshipmentuntilyourorderislargeenoughtoqualifyourminimumrequirementinsize.整理ppt翻译技巧〔八〕——SequencingandInversion(顺序和逆序法〕整理ppt倒置法Conversiongoeshandinhandwithinversion,anotherimportantprincipalleadingtoexpressingidiomaticlanguageintransition.Inversionimpliesanecessarychangeofwordordertoconformthegoodusageinthetargetlanguage.Besidesdifferencesinwordorder,sentencestructures,logicalandtemporalsequencesofthinking,sayingandwritingbetweenthetwolanguagesmaydiffer,whichisespeciallytrueoflongsentences.Let’scomparethedifferentordersbetweenChineseandEnglish.Inversion(倒置法/词序调整法〕整理pptBasicordersinaffirmativesentences1).Birdsflyandfishswim.鱼儿游，鸟儿飞。2).Shecouldn’tunderstandthisEnglishsentence.

她无法明白这个英语句子。2.Basicordersininterrogativesentences1).ShallIwritehimaletter?我要给他写信吗？2).Pourmeacupoftea,willyou?给我倒杯茶好吗？3).Whatareyoudoinghere?你在这里做什么呢？Thinkaboutthisquestion：Dodifferentlanguageshavethesamebasicorder?〔E.g.我爱你。〕I.ComparativeStudybetweenChineseandEnglishorder

整理ppt3.Differentordersofobjectsandcomplements1).Mr.LihastaughtyouEnglishforyears.李老师教你们英语好多年了。〔给、教、借等〕2).Ishallwritehimaletter.我要给他写封信。3).Weselectedhimmonitorofourclass.我们选他当班长。4).WeallcallhimLaoWang.我们都称呼他为老王。(我们都叫他老王。)5).Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinourclass.她是我班最漂亮的女孩。整理ppt4.AttributesFirst，Englishhaspre-nounandpost-nounattributeswhileChinesehasonlypre-nounones.E.g.afatoldlady一个胖老太abigroundconferencetable一张又大又圆的会议桌Ahandsomeyoungmaninourschool我们学校的一位英俊的小伙子Theoldmanwhoisstandingtherewithourteacher和我们老师一起站在那边的老头整理ppt限定词＋数词＋评价性形容词＋新旧〔年龄〕形容词＋形状〔尺寸、大小〕形容词＋颜色形容词＋国籍〔出处〕形容词＋分词定语＋名词定语＋中心名词Second，Englishhassomegeneralprincipalstoplaceseveralattributivemodifiersbeforeanoun:ThisbeautifulyoungladyManyinterestingAmericandetectivestoriesAnoldbigcountryhouseSomeexcellentyoungfilmstarsthosetwogoodbignewbrownbrickhouses英语修饰语顺序的掌握要点：限定词+形容词+分词或动名词+名词+中心名词+短语或从句限定+评价+描绘(新旧大小颜色)

+性质+中心名词总体思想：依据关系的密切程度来确定其距离的远近。整理pptThird,differentdeterminersareputincertainorder:

predeterminer+centraldeterminer+postdeterminerall

the

fourteachers(pre-+central+post-)all

your

threebooks(pre-+central+post-)all

these

last

fewdays(pre-+central+post-+post-)both

his

twosisters(pre-+central+post-)我的三位朋友她的许多本书整理ppt限制性判断性描述性本质性中心词物主、国别时间、地点数量、指代名词、单音节词中国的一位现代优秀的青年女作家我们学校的几十位有丰富教学经验的英语教师他这几篇专为大学生编写的最新实用（的）语法讲稿我们在其他地区的许多重要的新水利工程Fourth,generalprincipalforplacingseveralattributivemodifiersbeforenouninChinese:Anexcellentyoung

modernChinesewomanwriterScoresofexperiencedEnglishteachersinourschoolTheseseveralup-to-dateandpracticalspeechscriptsongrammarforcollegestudentsManyofourimportantnewwaterconservancyprojectsinotherareas整理ppt5.Adverbialsofmanner,place,andtimeInChinesetheseadverbialsarearrangedjustinthereverseorderbeforetheverbsasinEnglish(verb+manner+place+time).Westudyhardintheclassroomeveryday.我们天天在教室里认真学习。Hisaddressis518WenhuaRoad,GuzanTown,PA626001,Kangding.他的地址是康定县姑咱镇文化路518号，编码626001。TheywerebadlydefeatedatLudinginNovember,1945.他们于1945年11月在泸定附近大败。5).SheoftenteachesusEnglishsongsatschoolintheevening.她晚上经常在学校里教我们唱英语歌。整理ppt6.Logicalorder:First,bothlanguageshavesomesimilarordersbecauseofcommonenvironmentsandsituations,e.g:DayandnightTheskyandtheearthUpanddownHereandthereThisandthatBoysandgirlsMenandwomenFatherandmother整理pptSecond,therearealsosomedifferentsequencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,whichhavedifferentbackgrounds:我你他

youheandI新郎新娘

brideandbridegroom男女老少

menandwomen,youngandold大中小学

elementary,secondaryandtertiaryschool捉迷藏

hide-and-seek又快又多

thickandfast血肉相连

ascloseasfleshandblood水火不容

asincompatibleasfireandwater无论晴雨

rainorshine手疾眼快

quickofeyeanddeftofhand饥寒交迫

sufferfromcoldandhunger救死扶伤

healthewounded,rescuethedying整理ppt冷热

hotandcold左右

left

and

right前后backandforth水陆

landandwater强弱

weakandstrong沉浮

upsanddowns新旧

oldandnew悲欢

joyandsorrow贫富

richandpoor好坏

badorgood迟早

soonerorlater田径

trackandfield视听

audio-visual图文

textualandvisual整理ppt中英文EnglishandChinese工农业agricultureandindustry钢铁工业

theironandsteelindustry文学艺术

artandliterature团结统一

unityandsolidarity中小企业

smallandmedium-sizedenterprises衣食住行

food,clothing,shelterandtransportation东南西北

west

and

east,northandsouth知识分子和青年学生

studentsandintellectuals整理pptII.翻译时对句子语序的几种处理方法：1．顺序法:

即按原文的句子顺序翻译。1)

It

was

strange

that

a

day

of

war

was

a

day

we

stood

still.

We

couldn’t

move—that

must

have

been

the

whole

idea—so

we

had

no

choice

but

to

watch.

奇怪的是战争的那天我们却原地按兵不动。我们不能动弹—这就是这次战争的整个含意—除了监视敌人，我们别无他法。整理ppt2).

In

order

to

survive,

to

feed,

clothe

and

shelter

himself

and

his

children,

man

is

engaged

in

a

constant

struggle

with

nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。整理ppt2．逆序法:即颠倒原文的顺序，将句首的内容放到句尾，句尾的内容放到句首。1).He

was

dumbfounded

at

her

insistence

that

he

explain

where

every

cent

of

his

allowance

had

gone．她非要他讲清楚他津贴中的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，这使他哑口无言。2).That

our

environment

has

little，if

anything,to

do

with

our

abilities,characteristics

and

behavior

is

central

to

this

theory．这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微缺乏道的。整理ppt1).IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。〔局部倒置〕2).改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningpolicy.(全部倒置)局部倒置和全部倒置：整理ppt3.

时序法:按事件发生时间的先后顺序翻译。1).

We

had

been

dismayed

at

home

while

reading

of

the

natural

calamities

that

followed

one

another

for

three

years

after

we

left

China

in

1959.我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为消沉。整理ppt4.

拆分法:将句中的插入成分提取出来单独翻译，另起一句放在句末。1).

They,

not

unexpectedly,

did

not

respond.

他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。2).

Illogically,

she

had

expected

some

kind

of

miracle

solution.她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决方法，这显然不合情理。整理pptHemingwayisanoutstandingcontemporaryAmericanwriter.Motherhadmadeheranewdress.Theyhavereadlitt