大学英语综合教程-1-unit8

Unit8educationalproblemsText

A

Fable

of

the

Lazy

Teenager1整理版pptPre-readingDoyouknowanyfables?Whatarethey?LionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,

TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,

TheDoveandtheAnt,

TheFoxandtheStork.2整理版pptPicture

FableTalking

Directions:1.

Work

in

groups

2.

Rebuild

the

fables

according

to

the

pictures

and

key

words

3.

Select

a

presenter

for

your

group4.Tell

your

fable

to

the

class

and

the

moral

lesson3整理版pptPicture

FableTalking4整理版pptPicture

FableTalkingDrawaSnakeandAddFeettoItLonglongago,severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself.Sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine.Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing,sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake.However,beforehecouldfinishthefeet,anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim,saying,"Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet?”5整理版pptPicture

FableTalkingGoingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough.6整理版pptPicture

FableTalking7整理版pptPicture

FableTalkingTheFoxandtheCrowOnedayacrowstoodonabranchnearhernestandfeltveryhappywiththemeatinhermouth.Atthattime,afoxsawthecrowwiththemeat,soheswallowedandeagerlythoughtofaplantogetthemeat.However,whateverthefoxsaidtothecrow,thecrowjustkeptsilent.Untilthefoxthoughthighlyofthecrow‘sbeautifulvoice.“Iamsureyourvoiceisevenmorebeautifulthanyourfeathers,”saidtheFox.“Won’tyousingasongforme,QueenofBirds?”TheCrowwassopleasedshecouldhardlysitstill.Sheliftedherheadhigh,closedhereyesandopenedherbeaktosing:CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W.

Themeatfelltotheground,rightinfrontoftheFox.8整理版pptPicture

FableTalkingNever

trust

a

flatter.9整理版pptPicture

FableTalking10整理版pptPicture

FableTalkingTheMilkmaidandHerPailA

milkmaidwasgoingtothemarket.Shecarriedhermilkinapailonherhead.Shedreamtabouttheeggsshewouldbuywhenshesoldthemilk.The

eggswillhatch;thenshewillsellthechickens.Withthemoneysheearned,shewouldbuyfineclothesforherself.

“

I’llbuyanewdress,andwhenIgototheball,alltheyoungmenwilldancewithme!”

Asshespokeshetossedherheadback.Thepailimmediatelyfelloffherhead,andallthemilkwasspilt.

Thegirlwentbackwithoutanything.Shefeltverysad."ah,mychild,"saidhermother.“Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched."

11整理版pptPicture

FableTalkingDonotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.12整理版pptABriefIntroductiontoFable

Thetermfablereferstoashortstoryinwhichanimalsorinanimateobjectsspeakandbehavelikehumans,usuallytogiveamoralpoint.ThetermcomesfromtheLatinfabula,“atelling.”ThegreatesttelleroffableswasAesop.HewasbelievedtobeaGreekslavewholivedinthe6thcenturyB.C.AnothergreattelleroffableswasJeandeLaFontaine.HewroteinFranceinthe17thcentury.LaFontainebasedmanyofhisfablesonthoseofAesop.13整理版pptBR_ABriefIntroductiontoFable2Someoftheirbest-knownfablesareTheLionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,TheDoveandtheAnt,andTheFoxandtheStork.

IntheChineselanguage,someidiomscomefromfablessuchasTheFrogintheShallowWell,HisSpearagainstHisShield,MakingHisMark.14整理版pptTypicalfeaturesoffablesShorttalesNotbasedonfactsIntendedtogiveamorallessonNotstateddirectlybutdeducedbyreaders15整理版pptText

A

Fable

of

the

Lazy

Teenager16整理版pptPart

Division

17整理版ppt

InterviewSupposeyouareajournalistandyourpartneristheauthorofthetext.Youhaveaninterviewwithhim.Theinterviewshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1.thehappeninginthedrugstore—thereasonwhytheauthorwentthere;adialoguebetweenthesalesgirlandhim2.theauthor’sfeelingtothehappening—theproblemsAmericanteenagersarefacingsuchasignorance,poorabilityofcalculationsandotherthings3.somethingaboutthesonoftheauthor’sfriend4.theauthor’spurposeofofferingafablePart

118整理版pptGR_QuestionsandAnswers1QuestionsandAnswers1.Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday?Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?3.Whatwasthesalesgirl’sreactiontotheauthor’s

mentalarithmetic(心算)?Under20yearsold.Shewasverysurprisedatit.19整理版pptGR_QuestionsandAnswers25.Whatwastheauthor?Hewasateacheratacollege.4.Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic?Whyorwhynot?Yes.Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat.6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography.QuestionsandAnswers20整理版pptGR_QuestionsandAnswers37.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers?8.Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend’sson?9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle,ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate?Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance.Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem.Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes,computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars.QuestionsandAnswers21整理版pptGR_QuestionsandAnswers410.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeofofferingafable?HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness.QuestionsandAnswers22整理版pptDR_word_t1runoutofrunoutof:useuporfinishasupplyof(sth.)

Toourdisappointment,ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome.Whentheyranoutoffood,thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore.23整理版pptDR_Nomodestlyt21.Whatisthemeaningofthephrase“suchanexperience”?Thephrase“suchanexperience”means“thesalesgirl’signorance.”Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.2.Paraphrasethesentence.Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows.24整理版pptDR_word_t2upsetmodest:adj.

immodest

A

modest

little

house1)Not

very

large/

expensive/important,etc.2)Not

talking

much

about

your

own

abilities

or

possessionsShe

is

very

modest

about

her

success.3)Of

people,

especially

women,

or

their

clothes,

shy

about

showing

much

of

the

body,

not

intended

to

attract

attention.A

modest

dressAdv.

Modestly'Youreallymustbeverygoodatwhatyoudo.'—'IsupposeIam,’Katesaidmodestly.25整理版pptDR_word_t2upsetupset:vt.

Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak-upoftheirparents’marriage.1)make(sb.)worryorfeelunhappy.beupsetby/aboutPattern:

2)makeillinthestomachTheforeignfoodupsetme/mystomach.3)knockover,causingconfusionTheboyupsettheglassofmilk.Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather.26整理版pptDR_word_t2ignorant

Collocation:ignorant:adj.

knowinglittleornothingShewasignorantofherhusband’sillegalactivities.Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim.ignorantabout/of 在…方面无知的Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming.我对计算机一窍不通。I’mratherignorantaboutcomputer.27整理版pptDR_word_t3sumupsumup:giveabriefsummary(ofsth.)Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass.AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword:“Terrible.”28整理版pptDR_word_t3accumulate1accumulate:v.

collect,orgathertogether,esp.overaperiodoftime;makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsizeIhaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears.Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon’tsweepourroom.Collocation：积累大量资料accumulateahugemassofdata积累经验accumulateexperience积攒一笔财富accumulateafortune积聚一大批藏书accumulateagoodlibrary29整理版ppt两者均可指积聚大量的东西。accumulate

强调经年累月地点滴积累。例如：DR_word_t3accumulate2Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired.Hesoonamassedsufficientevidencetosupporthiscase.经过多年积攒，他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。accumulate&amassCF:amass指在较短的时间内积聚到大量东西，尤指为自己而积聚。例如：

他不久便收集到足够的证据来为他的案子辩护。30整理版pptDR_word_t3affect1affect:vt.

Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythedrought.1)haveaninfluenceon2)causefeelingsofsorrow,anger,love,etc,in(sb.)MartinLutherKing’sspeechdeeplyaffectedtheaudience.31整理版pptDR_word_t3affect2Nothingyousaywillaffectmydecision.这里这三个词都作为动词进行比较。affect

表示“影响”，以被影响的人或物作宾语。大致可分为两种情况：1）“使…起变化”，没有好或坏的意思；2）“对…发生不良影响”。例如：affect,effect&influenceCF:无论你说什么都不会影响我的决定。Thesmallamountofrainlastyearaffectedthegrowthofcrops.去年雨少影响了庄稼的生长。32整理版pptDR_word_t3affect3Thenewhairdoeffectedastartlingchangeinherappearance.Effect

n.

have

an

effect

on用作及物动词表示“产生，招致”或“实现”，以“改进，变化”等类的词作宾语。例如：这新发式使她的外貌产生了惊人的变化。Suchfilmshaveadangerousinfluenceonchildren.Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyscience.Influence

n.

指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响

v.影响可好可坏。Influence

sb.

/sth.例如：CF:33整理版pptDR_word_t3idleTheboyisreallyidle;hejustsitsaroundthehouseallday.idle:

adj.

1)lazy

2)notworkingMenareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.3)ofnouseHiswordswerejustidlethreats;hecan’tharmus.Collocation：stand/lieidle闲着Themachinerystoodidleforamonth.34整理版pptDR_word_t3breakdown1breakdown:Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown.Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwhenthetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreement.1)stopworking2)fail3)destroy;reduceorbereducedtopiecesTheybrokethedoordown.35整理版pptDR_word_t3breakdown2Collocation：逃走，逃脱breakaway闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴breakin闯入，强行进入breakinto逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发breakout突破breakthrough打碎；结束；解散；（学校）开始放假breakup36整理版pptDR_word_t4drivehomedrivehome:

make(sth.)clearsothatpeopleunderstanditPeterwaslazy.Hisparentstriedtodrivehometohimtheimportanceofhardwork.Wemustdrivehometohimwherethedifficultieslie.我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里。drivesth.home(tosb.)Pattern:

37整理版pptEachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear.MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlivesPart

238整理版pptBDGECFAKevin2050—()Kevin1835—()Kevin1928—()Kevin1945—()Kevin1966—()Kevin1990—()Kevin2020—()GR_RearrangetheOrderofthePictures2ABCDEFG39整理版ppt–Kevin1835,apoorpeasantinIreland–Kevin1928,asteel-millworkerinPittsburgh,U.S.A.–Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy–Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool–Kevin1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory–Kevin2020,aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians–Kevin2050,livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfoodHowthisKevinlives40整理版pptDR_word_t6betteroffbetteroff:

richerthanyouwerebefore;morecomfortableIt’sobviousthatthosewhoworkhardarebetteroffthanthosewhodon’t.现在，中国人的生活比以前强多了。NowadaysChinesepeoplearebetteroffthantheyusedtobe.41整理版pptDR_word_t7scaredscared:adj.

frightened(oftenfollowedbyof/to/that-clause)Theladyhasalwaysbeenscaredofsnakes.I’mscaredtoflyinaplane.I’mscaredthatitmightcrash.42整理版pptDR_word_t10adequate1adequate:

adj.

enough(oftenfollowedbytoorfor)Isthetransportsystemadequatetodeliverthefoodtoremoteareas?对于初学者来说，这本书也够用了。Fortheuseofbeginners,thebookisadequate.HerknowledgeofEnglishwasadequateforthejob.CF:adequate,enough&sufficient三词均表示“足够的”。adequate

指“能够满足特定的或最起码的要求的,符合一个客观标准,兼有适当的意思;43整理版pptDR_word_t10adequate2enough指“能够满足一种欲望或需要”，比较偏重数量，并可放在所形容的名词后面。例如：Arethereenoughapplesforeveryone?sufficient具有与

enough

相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。

Fillintheblankswiththeadequate,enoughorsufficient.

1)Wehaven’tgot________informationfromwhichtodrawaconclusion.2)Thepianistgavean________performance.3)Thereis_________foodforsixpeople.4)Ihopeyouwillprove_________tothejob.sufficient

adequate

enough

adequate

CF:44整理版pptDR_Kevin2020’st9WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2020’sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries?Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor’sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork,educationanddiscipline.Kevin2020’sfather,whoisofcourseKevin1990himself,worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.45整理版pptDR_Themanexplainst111.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。2.Doyouagreewiththatman’sopinion?Whyorwhynot?ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney,educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.46整理版pptDR_theyworkt12…theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves.Therearethreewordsof“discipline”inthistext(Para.19,Para.20,Para.21).TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese.Thefirst“discipline”(Para.19)means“训练”,thesecond(Para.20)means“纪律”

andthelastone(Para.21)means“约束”.47整理版pptDR_word_t12astonish1astonish:

vt.

surpriseverymuch;amazeTheyweregreatlyastonishedattheextraordinarybeautyofthepicture.Wewereastonishedtohearthathehadpassedhisdrivingtest.

这三个词在表示“使…惊异”时，意义相近，一般以事物或人作主语；以人作主语时，一般用被动语态。它们的主要区别在于：astonish

特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情。astonish表示惊异的时间较surprise长久。例如：CF:astonish,amaze,&surprise48整理版pptDR_word_t12astonish2Theywereastonishedat/bythenewsofhisescape.他们对他逃跑的消息感到吃惊。Iwasamazedat/byhercalmness.amaze指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是意义很强的词。例如：

我对她的冷静感到惊讶。（含有“钦佩”之意）surprise着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。例如：Herfrankanswersurprisedhim.她坦率的回答使他感到惊讶。CF:49整理版pptDR_word_t12miraclemiracle:

n.

anamazingorwonderfulevent,esp.sth.thathappensunexpectedlyTherewasasevereearthquakeinthatarea,butbyamiracle,noonewaskilledinit.Theteachertoldmethatit’dbeamiracleifIpassedtheexamination.Itwasamiraclethatthepilotlandedtheplaneinthatsnowstorm.marvel：侧重异乎寻常，奇怪，从而使人好奇。miracle：一般指被认为是人力所办不到的奇异之事。wonder：通常指使人惊奇的事迹、人物或景观，主要指人创造的奇迹。50整理版pptDR_word_t12facultyForawomanof85,shestillhasallherfaculties.2)alltheteachersofauniversityorcollegeItisamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople.faculty:n.

1)mentalandphysicalabilitiesAftersevenyearsofstudy,hesucceededinjoiningthefacultyofColumbiaUniversity.51整理版pptDR_SorryPopt12“Sorry,Pop,”Kevin1990says.“Ihavetostudy.”1.Whydoestheboysayso?Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard.2.Canyouimaginehisfather’sreactiontotheboy’sanswer?52整理版pptUsefulexpressions53整理版pptAR_UsefulExpressions1UsefulExpressions

1.用完了runoutof2.一大把ahandfulof3.为…感到难过beupsetby…4.私立大学aprivatecollege5.问题的一小部分atinysliceoftheproblem6.对…毫不在乎achillingindifferenceabout…7.跟…竞争competewith…54整理版pptAR_UsefulExpressions2atsomepointsoonwayoflifemanualworkdrive…homeahumblesuggestionasthestoryopensgoshoppingfor…8.用不了多久的某个时候9.生活方式10.体力劳动11.使彻底认识到…

12.愚见13.故事开始时14.去商店买…

55整理版pptAR_UsefulExpressions315.使某人入睡 putsb.tosleep16.固定工资steadywages17.他把希望寄托在…身上hishopeliesin…18.比…的境遇好多了befarbetteroffthan…19.从废墟中站起来risefromtheashes20.

跃入眼帘catchone’seye56整理版pptTextanalysis57整理版ppt1.Stylestudy:parallelismfigureofspeechParallelismistheuseofcomponentsinasentencethatare

grammaticallythesame;orsimilarintheirconstruction,sound,meaning,ormeter.Thismethodaddsbalanceandrhythmtosentences,givingideas

asmootherflowandthuspersuasiveness,becauseoftherepetitionitemploys.(1)Planeswillcrash.

Computerswilljam.Carswillbreakdown.(Line28)(2)Heisalwayshot,

alwayshungry,alwaysscared.(line54)Helivesinaslumwhere(3)thereisnoheat,

noplumbing,noprivacy.(line79)58整理版pptFor

example:

Theneighbormaystealyourmoney,yourfriendmaycheatyou,yourwifemayleaveyou,yoursonmayneglectyou,butyourdogwillbewithyou,whetheryouarerichorpoor.Classwork:

parallelismatleast3sentences59整理版pptAR_WritingPractice1.12.CauseandEffectEssayWritingCauseandeffectessaysareconcernedwithwhythingshappen(cause)andwhathappensasaresult(effect).Causeandeffectisacommonmethodoforganizinganddiscussingideas.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoudraftthistypeofessay:60整理版pptAR_WritingPractice1.2Distinguishbetweencauseandeffect.Todeterminecauses,ask,“Whydidthishappen?”Toidentifyeffects,ask,“Whathappenedbecauseofthis?”Developyourthesisstatement.Stateclearlywhetheryouarediscussingcauses,effects,orboth.Introduceyourmainidea,usingtheterms“cause”and/or“effect”.Findandorganizesupportingdetails.Backupyourthesiswithrelevantandsufficientdetailsthatareorganized.Useappropriatetransitions.Toblenddetailssmoothlyincauseandeffectessays,usethetransitionalwordsandphrases.61整理版pptAR_WritingPractice2ASampleStamp-collectingisanexcellenthobbyformanyreasons.First,everyone,youngandold,canparticipate.Second,itisnotexpensive.Expensiveequipmentisnotnecessary.Third,stamp-collectingcanenrichpeople’sknowledgeinhistoryandgeography.Finally,time,patienceandinterestaretheonlyrequirementsofthisfascinatingandeducationalhobby.Itisprobablythemostwidespreadofallhobbies.62整理版pptAR_WritingPractice3.1SomeCommonConnectorsisresponsibleforisthereasonfor

leadsto

bringsabout

causesresultsin

producescontributesto

1)effect(lungcancer.)

cause(Smoking)

63整理版pptAR_WritingPractice3.2

occursfromresultsfromfollowsfromisduetoisaresultof

effect(Lungcancer)cause(smoking.)2)3)cause(Hesmokesheavily.)

Therefore/Hence,So/Thus,Consequently,Asaresult,Asaconsequence,effect(hegetslungcancer.)64整理版ppt

theyareattractedbyforeignculture________________________________________.agoodknowledgeofEnglishwillhelpstudentsgetabetterjobwhentheygraduatefromtheuniversity.AR_WritingPractice4Youarerequiredtocompletethefollowingparagraph.

StudentsstudyEnglishfordifferentreasons.

Thefirstreasonisthat

studentsmayneedEnglishtoreadarticlesandtextbooksabouttheirsubjectsinEnglish.

Thesecondreasonisthat

manystudentsstudyEnglishbec