书面表达之读写任务解题指导

书面表达之读写任务类考点分析读写任务型写作分为两部分：第一部分要求用约30个词概括所给短文的要点，文体主要以议论文，记叙文或说明文为主。第二部分以约120个词就短文某一主题发表看法。此项旨在着重考查学生学习英语的综合能力，特别是阅读写作以及思维的能力。第一部分要求学生能读懂文章，在读懂的基础上概括文章要点，所以阅读能力和概括能力要求较高。1.概括文章要点。2.考虑概括段与下文的承接。3.任务二的写作方法。技巧指导1.概括文章要点。任务型写作分为两部分，30字的summary和120字的任务写作部分。为了写好任务型写作，首先要掌握写summary的技巧。总体而言写summary要求文字精简，并且要使用自己的语言来表达，不能抄袭文章中的词句。具体而言，写summary我们要注意：

（一）阅读原文并要读懂文章。我们只有在掌握文章大意后才能进行summary的写作，所以第一步阅读非常重要；（二）定位中心词，找出主题句。任务型写作要求考生去发表议论的主题，往往就是所阅读的短文要揭示的某种主题。所以，考生可以从命题者给出的论题里找到中心词，防止概括的要点离题。议论文或说明文的主题句往往出现在开头或结尾，而记叙文往往没有现成的主题句，需要自己去归纳总结。（三）词数控制。30字的summary其实就是把握好文章的主要内容，一般中等长度的两句到三句话已经完全有30字了，所以写作的时候注意文字精练，去掉多余的细节和例子，语句尽量做到客观中立，平实流畅，应该就事论事，避免参入过多的主观倾向，同时避免抄袭文中的语句，summary的时态要注意和文章的整体时态保持一致；行文流畅，逻辑严密，所以关联词、过渡词都必不可少。概括叙事性文章主要内容一般应包括四个方面的内容：

1.什么人？

2.做什么事情？

3.目的如何？

4.结果如何？具体方法：Youmaybeginlikethese:1.Thepassage/storyismainlyabout(talksabout)+名称（不能接从句）2.Thewriter/authortellsusabout+名称（不能接从句）3.Thepassagenarratesthat+从句故事性阅读材料，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。[写作内容]1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2.以约120个词描述“文明交往距离规定”的利弊，并谈谈你对异性交往的看法。

[写作要求]1.作文中可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。2014江苏百校联合调研以例说法Anincreasingnumberofstudentsfallinloveatanearlyageandcreateproblemswiththeirstudies,whichhasarousedtheschool’sattention.Amiddleschoolhasseta"distanceforcivilizedcommunication"betweenboyandgirlstudents.Boysandgirlsshouldkeepadistanceofatleast50centimeterswhentheytalkinpublic,otherwisetheywillbecriticizedorgetanevensevererpunishment,saysanarticleinBeijingNews.Itseemsthattheschoolhaspassedtheschoolregulationtopreventgirlsandboysfromfallinginloveatanearlyageandcreatingproblemsfortheschoolauthorities.Someteachersandparentsapproveoftheregulationbecauseitisofvitalimportancetotheteenagers’study.However,manyexpertssaytheproblem,ifitisone,canbebettersolvedthroughcommunication.Itisnaturalforateenagertohaveafeelingofloveonsomeonefromtheoppositesex.Itisnaturalforgirlsandboystobeattractedtoeachotherastheymaturesexually.Infact,normalcommunicationbetweenboyandgirlstudentsisgoodnotonlyfortheiremotionaldevelopmentandpersonalityrefinement,butalsofortheirrelationshipwhentheygrowup.Anincreasingnumberofstudentsfallinloveatanearlyageandcreateproblemswiththeirstudies,whichhasarousedtheschool’sattention.Amiddleschoolhasseta"distanceforcivilizedcommunication"betweenboyandgirlstudents.Boysandgirlsshouldkeepadistanceofatleast50centimeterswhentheytalkinpublic,otherwisetheywillbecriticizedorgetanevensevererpunishment,saysanarticleinBeijingNews.Itseemsthattheschoolhaspassedtheschoolregulationtopreventgirlsandboysfromfallinginloveatanearlyageandcreatingproblemsfortheschoolauthorities.Someteachersandparentsapproveoftheregulationbecauseitisofvitalimportancetotheteenagers’study.However,manyexpertssaytheproblem,ifitisone,canbebettersolvedthroughcommunication.实例说明：

概括叙事性主要内容一般应包括四个方面的内容：1.什么人？

Amiddleschool2.做什么事情？hasseta“distanceforcivilizedcommunication”3.目的如何？

topreventstudentsfromfallinginloveatanearlyage4.结果如何？

hascauseddifferentopinionsFromthearticle,weknowaschoolhassetaregulationaboutcivilizedcommunicationbetweenboysandgirlstopreventstudentsfallinginloveatanearlyage,whichhascauseddifferentopinions.（33words）Onepossibleanswer:

（概括主要内容而非细节性描述）Fromthearticle,weknowaschoolhassetaregulationaboutcivilizedcommunicationbetweenboysandgirlstopreventstudentsfallinginloveatanearlyage,whichhascauseddifferentopinions.

Obviously,theregulationhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Inourdailyschoollifesomestudentscan’tresisttheoppositegender’sattraction,disturbingthemselves.Withsuchaschoolrulecarriedout,it’sofgreathelpforthemtotakecontrolofthemselvesandrealizetheharmofabnormalcommunication.Meanwhile,however,it’snotgoodforthestudents’emotionaldevelopmentandnormalrelationship.

Personally,Iholdarightattitudetowardscommunicationwiththeoppositegender.I’llgetonwellwithmyclassmatesnomatterwhethertheyareboysorgirls,butkeepingacertainpersonaldistanceisextremelynecessary.It’sofgreatimportanceformetoburymyselfinmyschoolworkbeforeIregretonlybecauseofmypuppylove.

Usuallythebeginningofasummaryis:1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat…2.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat…3.Asfarastheauthorisconcerned,…4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlystressedthat…议论文的阅读短文，则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点，而非描述细节。

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文[写作内容]1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2.以约120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法，内容包括：(1)描述清洁工工作的艰辛;(2)假如没有清洁工，环境会变得如何?(3)你对平凡工作者的看法。[写作要求]1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。Tomanypeopleeventheword“work”soundsunpleasant,notnecessarilybecausetheyarelazy.Thesameman,whodislikeshisjobinthefactoryorevenintheoffice,mayworkhardattheweekend,paintingthehouseordiggingthegarden.

Whatisthereason,then?Inmostcases,itisbecausethesepeoplesimplydonotenjoythejobtheyaredoing.Itdoesnotgivethemanyrealsatisfaction.Itmaybequiteeasy,likemakingupwoodenboxes,butitisveryboring.Veryoftentheyaredoingajobwhichisjustasmallpartofamuchlargerone,suchasattachingadoorhandletoacar.Buttheparttheyplayinactuallymakingthecarissosmallthattheycanneversay:Ihavemadesomething!

Yetinmodernsocietysomebodyhastodoordinaryjobssuchascleaningstreetsbecausethisisthewaysocietyisorganized.Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyandthereforedeservesourduerespect.Societycannotfunctionasingledaywithoutthe“dullandboring”jobs.Inthepassage,theauthormainlystressedtheimportanceofsmallandordinarywork,suchascleaningthestreetbecauseoftheiressentialityfortheorganizationofthesociety,andthinksthosedoingsuchjobsshouldberespectedgreatly.

Thereisnodoubtthatwhatacleanerdoesismorehardercomparedwithanyotherjobsinthesociety.Ononehand,theymustgetupintheearlymorningeverydaytocleanthestreetwhilewearesillinthesweetsleepingdreams.Ontheotherhand,theyalsosufferfromlessrespectandlowerpay,workingalldayonthestreetnomatteritissunshinesstronglyorsnow,windheavily.

Nobodycouldimaginewhatabadenvironmentwewouldliveiniftherewerenocleanersinthecity.Whereverwego,thereisrubbish.Maybewewouldsoonbedrownedinthemountainofrubbish.Evenworse,iftherewerenochangeaboutthat,diseaseswouldspreadataveryquickspeed.Isthereanythingthatcanbeworsethanthis!

Fromtheabove,Icandrawtheconclusionsafelythateventhesmallestandthemostordinaryjob,suchascleaningthestreetisalsothenecessaryparttokeepthesocietygoingsmoothly.Consequently,thosewhodothosemostinsignificantjobsshouldgetrespectedasmuchasthosebeingengineersordoctors.说明性短文,你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。Youmaybeginlikethese:1.Itisstatedinthearticlethat…2.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat…3.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…4.

Thepassagepointsoutthat…[写作内容]1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；2)然后以约120个词就“Teamwork”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：在你的心目中，你认为团队精神的概念是什么？b)试通过简述两三个例子来说明团队精神的重要性。c)你认为如何才能建立起班级团队精神的文化？Teamworkisaboutpeopleworkingtogetherasateam.Theideahasspreadfromtheworldofsportstobusiness.Inthe21stcentury,aspeopleandtheirworkareingmoretechnicallyadvanced,workingasateammakesiteasiertogetthingsdone.Somethingscannotbedonebypeopleworkingindividually.Morecomplexgoalsusuallyrequirethatpeopleworktogether.Anyonewhohaseverbeentoajobinterviewwillalmostcertainlyhavebeenaskedwhatteamworkmeanstothem.Thisisbecausecompanieswantpeoplewhoareteamplayers,cangetalongwiththeircolleaguesandworktogetherinagroup.Becauseteamworkisrequiredbymanyorganizationstoday,theywilloftenorganizeteambuildingeventsinanattempttogetpeopletoworkasateamthanasindividuals.

Therearesevenimportantskillsthatonemustlearninordertobeasuccessfulteamplayer.Theyareasfollows:Listening---listenandallowpeopletofreelyexpresstheirideas.Questioning---askquestionsanddiscusstheobjectivesoftheteam.Persuading---encouragepeopletoexchange,defend,andrethinktheirideas.Respecting---treatotherswithrespectandtosupporttheirideas.Helping---helpone’spartners,thisisthegeneralthemeofteamwork.Sharing---shareideasandresourceswiththeteamtocreateanenvironmentofteamwork.Participating---allmembersoftheteamareencouragedtoparticipateintheteam.

Thepassagestatedtheimportanceofteamwork.Notonlycanitmaketheworkeasiertodoforindividuals(概括文章第一部分）,butalsomanycompaniesarewillingtoemploypeoplewhocanworktogether（概括文章第二部分）.Besides,seventeamworkskillsarealsodescribed（概括文章第三部分）.1.概括要抓住要点,语言精练:阅读材料的设计与“写作内容”的设计应该是浑然一体的。如果给的阅读材料是一个故事，应该用最简练的概括性的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不要进行细节描述。如果是说明性或描述性短文，你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。如果是议论文的阅读短文,则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。

Summary2.考虑概括段与下文的承接。任务型写作既然是先“读”后“写”，是读后有感而发，那么，“读的内容”和“感的内容”要有机地联系起来，即短文概括和发表议论的段落要合理地承接起来才是一篇连贯的文章。当然，具体的承接方式需要根据具体的写作内容而定。一般情况下，承接的方式可视原阅读材料的文体而定。阅读材料如果是议论文，常采用以下的句式承接下文，表达自己的意见：Inmyopinion，…;AsfarasIamconcerned,…;Asforme,…表示赞同Iagreewith…3.任务二的写作方法。任务型写作只给出议论的范围而没有具体的中文要点提示，这就需要考生自己去组织。在明确写作要求和写作内容后，不要急于动笔写作，要从整体上把握文章的结构，划分文章的段落，理清文章的层次。可把几个要点单独成段，并且在每段的开头就点题，凸现我们的个人见解。这样，阅卷老师一眼就能看到你是否把要点写全。此外，各段的笔墨分配要有机平衡，不能顾此失彼。

在写作时要扬长避短，尽量避免使用一些没把握的词、短语和句型。在打好草稿后，还需要认真复查，尽可能减少一切可能出现的失误。检查时可从以下几个方面入手：时态、语态是否正确，主谓是否一致，句子结构是否完整，词语搭配是否恰当，单词拼写是否有误，标点符号是否准确等。通过这样一轮认真的复查，最起码在词汇、语法上不会有什么错误，从而保证了作文不会得分太低。

当然，如果想写出一篇优秀的作文，还少不了最后一着：修饰润色。按照试题的评分标准，学生除了概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性外，还必须注意篇章的连贯性。因此，在完成整篇文章的写作后，还可以在句与句之间、段与段之间增加合适的连接词或过渡性的词、短语或句子。此外，句式的表达尽量多样化，语言尽量地道化，不要使用汉语式的英语。只有这样的作文才可能在众多考卷中脱颖而出，获得阅卷老师的青睐。（1）概括要点不全（2）人称使用不当（3）过多引用原文（4）应用过多细节而非概括性语言（5）过早表达观点（6）缺乏过渡词句（7）句式单调常见不足：阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。「写作内容」学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“PreparingMyselfforCollegeLife”，能力提升内容要点包括：1.以约30个词概括Mike的发言要点；2.然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：（1）对中学生活的感受；（2）理想的大学生活；（3）中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。「写作要求」1.在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。Hi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneedtoknowsomebasiclifeskills,suchasbalancingacheck-book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Iloveit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors,andagoodlibrary.Thestudent’sUnionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.Iwasondanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpeoplethatway—itwassomucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhadacommonground.Hi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneedtoknowsomebasiclifeskills,suchasbalancingacheck-book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Iloveit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors,andagoodlibrary.Thestudent’sUnionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.Iwasondanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpe