2024北京丰台高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

第1页/共1页2024北京丰台高二（上）期末英语2024.01考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandbecameabsorbedinaconversation.Becauseofthis___1___,mybrothertookawrongturn.Unfortunately,thewrongturntookustowardsabridgeandwehadnowaytoturnback.Reluctantly(不情愿地),mybrotherpaidthebridgetollanddroveon.Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe___2___wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreachedanexitslip-wayand,aswetookit,mybrothernoticedacarthatstoppedbytheroadside.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby,lookinganxious.Iwasbusytryingto___3___whichwaywewentnextbutmybrotherpulledoverandaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada(n)___4___tire(轮胎)andneededawrenchtogetitoff.Mybrothergavehimawrench,thenproceededtohelphimchangetheflat.Theyoungmansaidthatthishadbeena(n)___5___weekforhim:earlierhehadgottenintoaminorcaraccident,andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.Hekeptthankingusbecausehereallywouldhavebeen___6___ifwehadn’tcomealong.Afterwehadfinishedthejob,hepulledout$20togivetous.“No,”Isaid.“Wewerenever___7___toevengetonthatbridge.Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoanopportunityto___8___.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutthisprocess.Hewasabletoseeachancetohelp(whichItotallymissed!)eveninanotherwise___9___situation.Itcanonlycomefromacalmmindanda(n)____10____heart.1.A.distraction B.challenge C.hesitation D.trouble2.A.priceless B.countless C.needless D.useless3.A.debateon B.figureout C.putforward D.dealwith4.A.spare B.missing C.flat D.unusual5.A.exciting B.inspiring C.normal D.bad6.A.stuck B.injured C.lost D.tricked7.A.allowed B.supposed C.recommended D.chosen8.A.learn B.trade C.serve D.work9.A.complex B.negative C.desperate D.dangerous10.A.brave B.simple C.heavy D.open第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gathertogetheracoupleofgoodfriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis___11___manyyoungstersinChinaenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.ThisiscalledCitywalk,anewwayforyoungpeopletointeractwithacityandmakefriends.Thetrendisspreadingfromfirst-tiercitiessuchasBeijingandShanghaitosecondandthird-tiercities,___12___(encourage)moreparticipantstogetinvolved.SomecitieshaveincludedCitywalkintheirplans___13___(promote)culturaltourismandleisuretours.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Overthepastseveraldecades,manydifferentbenefitsofhumor___14___(explore).Fewpeopleknowthathumorplaysanimportantroleinsocialinteractionswithpeers,andultimatelyinschoolsuccess.Schoolentryisthetime___15___parentsfadeintothebackgroundandsocialinteractionwithpeersbecomesincreasinglyimportant.Theuseofhumourthatissociallyacceptableleadstoalowerlikelihoodofbeingbullied,whiletheuseofself-disparaging(自贬的)humourleadstoa___16___(high)likelihoodofbeingbullied.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gotokindergarten,elementaryschool,highschool,andfinally,college.MostAmericankids___17___(expect)bytheirparentstogetaneducationandhaveagoodlife.ForTaraWestover,theoutlookwasquitedifferent.___18___(raise)inapoorfamilyinIdaho,Tarawasnotallowedtohaveapropereducation.Herfather___19___(keep)heroutofschool,believingawoman’sbestplacewasinthehome.HowdidTarafight___20___therighttogeteducated?FindtheanswerinthebestsellerEducated.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheUltimateGuidetoSTEMCompetitions&EventsSTEMcompetitionsallowindividualsorstudentteamstosolveaspecificchallengeorproblemthroughscience,technology,engineering,ormathematics.Thefollowingsaredifferenteventsatthistime.CongressionalAppChallengeWhat:Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbythemselves.Theappsarejudgedindistrict-widecompetitions.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:FromJune15toNovember1,2023.Where:Online.Prize:WinnersreceiveafreetriptodisplaytheirworkintheCapitolBuilding.RegeneronScienceTalentSearchWhat:Entrantsmustconductanoriginalindependentresearchproject.Besidesapplicationletters,recommendationlettersandtranscripts(成绩单)arealsoneeded.Who:Anystudentintheirsenioryearofhighschool.When:FromJune1toNovember8,2023.Where:Selectedfinalistswillreceiveanall-expenses-paidtriptoWashingtonD.C.forin-depthjudging.Prize:Over$2millioninawardsaregiven;first-placeprizeis$250,000.THINKChallengesWhat:Thiscompetitionisforhighschoolstudentswhoareintheearlystagesofanoriginalresearchproject,ratherthanbeingfullycompleted.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:2023registrationisclosed;2024detailsaretobedecidedandwilllikelyopeninNovember2023.Where:Online.Prize:Selectedfinalistsareinvitedtoa4-dayall-expenses-paidtriptoMIT’scampustomeetprofessorsintheirfieldofresearch!$1000willbegiven.SourceAmericaDesignChallengeWhat:StudentteamsaretouseSTEMconceptstocreateatotallynewproductthatempowerspeoplewithdisabilities.Who:Highschoolandcollegiate-levelstudents.When:RegistrationforDesignChallenge2022isstilllive!Where:ThefinalstakeplaceinWashingtonD.C.Prize:Grandprizeis$8,000perteamand$6,000totheaffiliatedschool.21.IntheSTEMcompetitions,participantscan________.A.designanappbasedonjudges’choices B.createaninventiontohelpthedisabledC.presentafullycompletedresearchproject D.getrecommendationlettersfromprofessors22.Ifsomeonewantstowinafreetriptoauniversity,theonewilljoinin________.A.THINKChallenges B.CongressionalAppChallengeC.RegeneronScienceTalentSearch D.SourceAmericaDesignChallenge23.Whichisarequirementforalltheapplicants?A.Theymustbeavailableforanoutingtrip. B.Theymustregister2023competitions.C.Theymustbehighschoolseniors. D.Theymustsubmitoriginalworks.BA12-year-oldgirlfromMillerMiddleSchoolinSanJosehaswonthetopprizewith$25,000inasciencefair.Herinventionisanewfiredetectionsystemthatcanfasterdetect(探测)theheatsources.It’salsocheaperandmorereliablethansmokedetectors.Inthesummerof2022,arestaurantbehindShanya’shousewasburnedtotheground.Sincethen,Shanya’smotherbecameincreasinglycautiousaboutthestoveinthekitchen.Itwasn’tthattherestaurantdidn’thavesmokedetectors,buttheyrequirethereisasignificantamountofsmokefirst,whichcansometimesmeanafirehasalreadystartedandgottenoutofcontrol.Thisincidentinspiredhertocreateafiredetectionsystemtohelppeoplesufferlesslossfromfires.Oneday,Shanyadiscoveredthatthermalcamerascandetectheatlossinhomesduringwintermonths.Shewonderedifthesecamerascouldalsospothousefiresmorequicklythantraditionalsmokedetectors.Shanyaconnectedanaffordablethermalcameratoatinycomputer.Sheprogrammedhersystemtodifferentiatebetweenpeople—whichwereidentifiedaswarmmovingobjects—andheatsources,suchasaturned-ongasburner,whichwereidentifiedashotobjectsthatremainedstill.Thesystemcansendatextmessagewhenitdetectsafirebutnohumanpresenceforacontinuous10-minuteperiod.Shanyaconductedmultipletrialsatvarioustimesofdayandwithpeopleenteringthecamera’sviewfromdifferentdirections.Intheend,Shanya’ssystemaccuratelydetectedhumanpresence98%ofthetimeandheatsources97%ofthetime.Shanyadeterminedthatthebestplaceforthedetectorwouldbeonthewallabovethestovebutunderthestoverange—thisalloweditssensorstohaveclearaccesstothemostlikelylocationswhereafiremightstartinakitchen.Afterhervictory,the12-year-oldhassaidshewantstorefinethedevicebycombiningitwithasmartphoneapp.Theappwillallowuserstoquicklyswitchovertoacameraafterreceivingatextmessagesotheycanseeifthealertiscorrect.24.WhydidShanyainventthenewfiredetectionsystem?A.Tocompeteinthesciencefair. B.Torelieveheranxietyaboutfire.C.Tohelpreducepeople’sfireloss. D.Tomarketitformassproduction.25.Whenthekitchenisonfire,Shanya’sfiredetectionsystemcan________.A.findoutheatsources B.giveafirealarmC.recordtheburningprocess D.identifydifferentpeople26.Tomakethedetectionsystemmoreaccurate,Shanya________.A.testedallkindsofsensors B.placeditontheceilingC.conductedsomeexperiments D.combineditwithanapp27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Outgoingandsmart. B.Helpfulandgenerous.C.Modestanddetermined. D.Creativeandhardworking.CForsomeitisthesoundofabouncingbasketball.Forotherstheclearingofathroat.ForDr.JaneGregorythelistincludespigeons,tickingclocksandthesoundofpopcornbeingeaten.“IcriedontheplanetheotherdaybecauseIcouldn’tfigureoutthevolumeonmynewheadphonesandsoIcouldn’tblockoutthesoundofaguysniffing,”shesays.Gregoryisamongthosewhoexperiencemisophonia,aphenomenoninwhichparticularsoundscanproveunbearable,triggering(引起)emotionsfromanxietyandpanictoshameandanger.Nowinherbook,SoundsLikeMisophonia,theacademicisonamissiontoexplorewhat’sbehindit,andtohelpthoseaffectedcope.Gregory,aclinicalpsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,suggestsmisophoniaisfarfrombeingasimplesensitivitytosound.Itcanbefedbyacomplexinterplayoffactors,includingalowerabilitytofilteroutcertainnoises,theassociationofnegativemeaningswithparticularsounds,andtheburdenoffeelingsassociatedwithanemotionalresponsetothem.Yet,thephenomenonwaslargelyunknownuntilthe2010s.Inonestudy,researchersaskedpeoplewithhighandlowtraitsofmisophoniatolistenoutfora“trigger”soundinthepresenceofamaskingsound.Bothgroupsdetectedthetriggerjustaseasily.“Thepersonwithmisophoniahadamoreintensereaction,butonlyaftertheyidentifiedwhatthesoundwas,”addsGregory.Thoseresults,shesays,suggestthatpeoplewithmisophoniaarenotinherentlybetteratdetectingparticularsounds,suchasasnifforarustle—rathertheymightbelisteningoutforthemmore,ornotbeasgoodasothersattuningthemout.Thisisatrait,Gregoryspeculates,thatmighthaveofferedourancestorsanevolutionaryadvantage,suchashelpingthemtodetecthidingpredators.Anotherimplicationoftheresearch,Gregorysays,isthatitisnotjusttheauditoryfeaturesofthesoundsthatcausenegativereactionsbutthemeaningattachedtothem.Anexamplewouldbeareactiontothejinglingofadog’scollarafterbeingfrightenedbyanaggressivedog.Gregoryhopesherbookwillsupportthosetoooftentoldtoignoresounds.Shesays:“Theemotionalreactionismuchmorecomplexthanjustbeingannoyed...Theyfeeltrappedandhelplesswhentheyencounterthesesounds.Ifyouthinkit’snothing,thenyou’renotexperiencingwhatthispersonisexperiencing.”28.Misophoniaisaphenomenonwhere________.A.peoplefailtorecognizeparticularsounds B.specificsoundscausenegativeemotionsC.differentfeelingsaremixeduptogether D.peoplelosecontroloftheiremotions29.Whichofthefollowingmightbethecauseofmisophonia?A.Triggersoundsofsimilarorigins. B.Disabilitytoignorecertainsounds.C.Understandingofparticularsounds. D.Inbornabilitytotellcertainsounds.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Todetectcertainsoundsisasolutiontomisophonia.B.Peoplewithmisophoniaarewellunderstoodbyothers.C.Peoplecanbenefitfrommisophoniainsomesituations.D.Objectsrelatedtosoundsmaytriggernegativereactions.DTheneedforclarityextendsbeyondhowwecommunicatesciencetohowweevaluateit.Whocanreallydefinestockphrasessuchas‘asignificantcontributiontoresearch’?Orunderstandwhat‘highimpact’or‘world-class’mean?Scientistsdemandthatinstitutionsshouldbeclearabouttheircriteriaandconsiderallscholarlyoutputs—preprints,code,data,peerreview,teaching,mentoringandsoon.Myviewaboutthepracticesinresearchassessmentisthatmostassessmentguidelinespermitslidingstandards:insteadofclearlydefinedterms,theygiveusfeel-goodslogansthatlackanyfixedmeaning.Facingtheproblemwillgetusmuchofthewaytowardsasolution.Broadlanguageincreasesroomformisunderstanding.‘Highimpact’canbecodeforwhereresearchispublished.Oritcanmeantheeffectthatresearchhashadonitsfield,oronsocietylocallyorglobally—oftenverydifferentthings.Yetconfusionistheleastoftheproblems.Wordssuchas‘world-class’and‘excellent’allowassessorstovarycomparisonsdependingonwhoseworktheyareassessing.Academia(学术界)cannotbeafairandreasonablesystemifstandardschangedependingonwhomweareevaluating.Unconsciousbias(偏见)associatedwithfactorssuchasaresearcher’sgender,ethnicoriginandsocialbackgroundhelpstheacademicinjusticecontinue.Itwasonlywithdouble-blindreviewofresearchproposalsthatwomenfinallygotfairaccesstotheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Manystrategiesexisttoimprovefairnessinacademia,butconceptualclarityisparamount.Beingclearabouthowspecificqualitiesarevaluedleadsassessorstothinkcriticallyaboutwhetherthosequalitiesaretrulybeingconsidered.Achievingthatconceptualclarityrequiresdiscussionwithfaculties,staffandstudents:hoursandhoursofit.TheUniversityMedicalCenterUtrechtintheNetherlands,forexample,heldaseriesofconversations,eachinvolving20-60researchers,andthenspentanotheryearrevisingitsresearchassessmentpoliciestorecognizesocialimpacts.Frankconversationsaboutwhatisvaluedinaparticularcontext,orataspecificinstitution,areanessentialfirststepindevelopingconcreterecommendations.Althoughambiguous(模棱两可的)terms,forinstance‘world-class’and‘significant’,areabarrierwhenperformingassessments,universityadministratorshavesaidthattheyrelyonflexiblelanguagetomakeroomtorewardavarietyofcontributions.Soitmakessensethatmorespecificlanguageinreviewandpromotionmustbeabletoaccommodatevariedoutputs,outcomesandimpactsofscholarlywork.Settingspecificstandardswillbetough.Itwillbeinvitingtofallbackonthemisleadingstandardssuchasimpactfactors,oronambiguoustermsthatcanbeagreedtobyeveryonebutappliedwiselybynoone.Itistooearlytoknowwhatthosestandardswillbeorhowmuchtheywillvary,buttherightdiscussionsarestartingtohappen.Theymustcontinue.31.Regardingthecurrentpracticesinresearchassessment,theauthoris________.A.supportive B.puzzledC.unconcerned D.disapproving32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Biasonassessorscancauseinequality. B.Frankconversationsharmscholarlywork.C.Specificqualitiesneedtobeclearlystated. D.Broadlanguageensuresacademicfairness.33.Whatdoestheword“paramount”underlinedinPara.4mostprobablymean?A.primary. B.recognized.C.optional. D.accomplished.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Fixresearchassessment.Changeslogansforclearstandards.B.Fixresearchassessment.Changeevaluationsforconversations.C.Defineresearchassessment.Changesimplicityforspecification.D.Defineresearchassessment.Changebroadlanguageforflexibleone.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bingohasbeenabelovedgameforgenerations,andforgoodreason.___35___Whetheryou’relookingforawaytospendsomequalitytimewithfriendsandfamily,oryou’rejustlookingforafunactivitytodoathome,hostingyourownbingopartyisagreatoption.___36___First,uparethebingocards.Youcaneitherchoosetocreateyourownbingocardsorusepre-madeonesavailableonline.You’llalsoneedbingomarkers,whichcanbeanythingfromsmallpiecesofpapertopenniesorevencandy.Onceyouhaveyoursupplies,it’stimetoinviteyourguests.Youcaninviteyourfriendsandfamilyoverforafunnightofbingo,oryoucanevenhostavirtualbingopartyovervideochat.___37___Shouldyoubehostingavirtualparty,makesuretosendoutthevideochatlinkaheadoftime.Onceeveryonehasarrived,it’stimetostartthegame!___38___Eachcardshouldhaveauniquecombinationofnumbersonitrangingfrom1to90.Makesurethatallplayershaveapenormarkertotakedownthenumbersastheyarecalledout.Thecallerisresponsiblefordrawingthenumbersandcallingthemouttotheplayers.Playerskeepmarkingthenumbersontheircardsuntilsomeoneachievesawinningpattern.Therearevariouswinningpatternsinbingo,suchascompletingarow,column,ordiagonalline,orachievingaspecificshapeordesignonthebingocard.___39___Whenaplayerachievesthewinningpattern,theyshouldcallout“Bingo”loudandcleartosignalthattheyhavewon.Thegoalhereistohavefun.Whilesomeorganizationisrequired,trynottotunitintoamilitaryoperation.Afterall,bingoisthetypeofgamethatcanbringpeopletogetherandcreateafunandexcitingatmosphere.A.Handoutthebingocardstoeachplayer.B.Youcanaskyourgueststobringtheirfavouritebingoballs,cardsandmarkers.C.Itshouldbedecidedbeforethegamestarts,andknowntoallplayers.D.Tohostyourownbingoparty,you’llneedafewsupplies.E.Insteadofusingtraditionalbingonumbersandletters,mixitupwithdifferentthemes.F.Ifyou’rehostinganin-personparty,makesuretoletyourguestsknowwhattimetoarrive.G.It’safun,excitinggameandcanbeenjoyedbypeopleofallages.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays,alotofyoungpeopleseemtospendmuchoftheirfreetimeeitherwatchingtelevisionorplayingcomputergames.Certainly,thesethingsareentertaining,buttheydon’tcontributemuchtodevelopingtheirbrains.Manybelievethatreadingbooks,andespeciallyfiction,isamuchmoreeffectivewayofachievingthis.Themostobviousbenefitwegetfromreadingagoodstoryisagrowingvocabulary.Wecomeacrossnewwordsinreadingandtrytounderstandthesewordsthroughcontext.Gradually,webecomemoreconfidentwithcomplexwords.Inaddition,weimproveinotherareassuchasspeakingandwritingjustbyreadingregularly.Ithasalsobeenestablishedthatreadingfictionisagoodwayofdevelopingagoodself-image.Non-readersorpoorreadersoftenhavelowopinionsofthemselves.Besides,theymayperformpoorlyinothersubjectsbecausetheycannotreadandunderstandthematerial.Mostimportantly,however,readingfictionhelpsustodevelopourbrains.Thehumanbraincanworkwellwhenwejustdoregularthings,likedrivingorwalking.However,learningexpertDr.BrianE.Walshsuggestedthatitcanperformmoreeffectivelywhenanelementofsurpriseisadded,becausethishelpstobuildconnectionsinthebrain.Inthisrespect,thepositiveeffectsofreadingmaybemuchstrongerthanpreviouslythought.Recentresearchhasshownthatthebrainreactsmorestronglytounpredictablethantopredictablethings.Thismayexplainwhypeopleenjoyreadingfiction,whichgenerallycontainslotsofunpredictablethings.Readingfictionenablesustoexperiencefreshscenarios(情节)andidentifywiththepeoplewearereadingabout.Whenwementallycreatethescenes,thelookofthecharacters,thesmells,andthesoundsinthebook,weareexercisingourbrain.Thebrainischallenged.Thisisapositivethingbecauseitwillcontinuetogrowanddevelopifproperlystimulated.Themoreitisused,thebetteritbecomes.40.Howdoesreadinghelpusimprovevocabulary?______________________________________________________________________41.Whataretheproblemsforpeoplewhoseldomreadaccordingtothepassage?______________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshowsmorepredictablethingsinourdailylife.______________________________________________________________________43.Apartfromwhatarementionedinthepassage,whatotherbenefit(s)haveyougainedfromreadingfiction?______________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“Themeaningoflearning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.你对学习意义的理解或看法；2.预祝他比赛成功。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours.LiHua

参考答案笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.B10.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和哥哥开车拐错了弯，却在途中帮助了一个陌生人的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这种分心，我哥哥拐错了弯。A.distraction分心；B.challenge挑战；C.hesitation犹豫；D.trouble麻烦。根据上文中的“MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandbecameabsorbedinaconversation.”可知，作者与开车的哥哥聊天导致拐错了弯，由此可知，此处指的是“分心”符合语境。故选A项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和不必要的4美元浪费感到沮丧。A.priceless无价的；B.countless无数的；C.needless不必要的；D.useless没用的。根据语境以及上文中的“Reluctantly(不情愿地),mybrotherpaidthebridgetollanddroveon.”可知，作者与哥哥拐错弯而付了过桥费，由此可知，此处指“不必要的”符合语境。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我正忙着弄清楚下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个人是否需要帮助。A.debateon争辩；B.figureout弄清楚；C.putforward提出；D.dealwith处理。根据语境和上文中的“Weeventuallyreachedanexitslip-way”与下文中的“whichwaywewentnext”可知，在作者与哥哥开车拐错弯后到达一个出口，作者应是忙着“弄清楚”该走哪条路。故选B项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮胎瘪了，需要一个扳手才能把它弄下来。A.spare空闲的；B.missing丢失的；C.flat瘪的；D.unusual不寻常的。根据下文中的“andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.”可知，此处指的是他的车胎“瘪的”符合语境。故选C项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人说这一周对他来说很糟糕：早些时候他出了一场小车祸，现在又在下班回家的路上轮胎瘪了。A.exciting令人激动的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.normal正常的；D.bad坏的，糟糕的。根据下文中的“earlierhehadgottenintoaminorcaraccident,andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.”可知，这个年轻人早些时间出了一场小车祸，现在轮胎又瘪了，所以此处指的是“糟糕的”一周。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不停地感谢我们，因为如果我们不来，他真的会被困在这里。A.stuck困住；B.injured受伤；C.lost迷失；D.tricked欺骗。根据上文中的“Hehada(n)___4___tire(轮胎)andneededawrenchtogetitoff.”可知，这个年轻人的车胎撒了气，需要一个扳手把轮胎卸下来，由此可知，此处指的是如果作者他们不来，他会被“困”在这里。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至都不应该上那座桥。A.allowed允许；B.supposed假定，预想；C.recommended推荐；D.chosen选择。根据上文中的“Becauseofthis___1___,mybrothertookawrongturn.”可知，哥哥开车拐错了弯，由此可推断，此处指的是不“应该”上那座桥，besupposedto意为“应该”。故选B项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：感谢你们把我们的错误变成了为你服务的机会。A.learn学习；B.trade交易；C.serve服务；D.work工作。根据上文中的“Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.”可知，作者和哥哥因为转错弯才上了桥，遇到了这位需要帮助的年轻人，这个错误让他们有机会帮助他人，由此可知，此处指的是“为他人服务”符合语境。故选C项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是在消极的情况下。A.complex复杂的；B.negative负面的；C.desperate绝望的；D.dangerous危险的。根据上文中的“Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoanopportunityto___8___.””可知，作者与哥哥拐错了弯，遇到了一个需要帮助的年轻人，哥哥把自己的不利境遇转换成一个帮助他人的机会，由此可知，此处应指的是“负面的”符合语境。故选B项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它只能来自于冷静的头脑和开放的心灵。A.brave勇敢的；B.simple简单的；C.heavy重的；D.open思想开明的。根据上文中的“Hewasabletoseeachancetohelp(whichItotallymissed!)eveninanotherwise___9___situation.”可知，作者的哥哥把不利的境遇转换成为帮助他人的机会，结合空前的“acalmmind”可知，此处应为“开放的”符合语境。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.what12.encouraging13.topromote【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“城市漫步”成为年轻人探索文化景点的新旅游趋势。【11题详解】考查表语从句。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多中国年轻人到一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少doing的宾语，结合句意，此处指的是事情，所以使用连接代词what。故填what。【12题详解】考查现在分词。句意：这一趋势正从北京、上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多的参与者参与其中。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与逻辑主语Thetrend之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填encouraging。【13题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：一些城市已将“城市漫步”纳入其促进文化旅游和休闲旅游的计划中。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词plans应使用动词不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填topromote。【答案】14.exploration15.when16.higher【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。根据句意以及空前介词of可知，此处为名词exploration，构成名词短语humorexploration“幽默探索”，满足句意要求。故填exploration。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：入学是父母逐渐退居幕后的时期，与同龄人的社会交往变得越来越重要。分析句子可知，先行词thetime在从句中作时间状语成分，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。【16题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：使用被社会接受的幽默会降低被欺负的可能性，而使用自我贬低的幽默则会增加被欺负的可能性。根据句意以及前面alowerlikelihood和连词while可知，此处为形容词比较级形式higher“更高的”，和前面的lower形成对比。故填higher。【答案】17.areexpected18.Raised19.kept20.for【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大多数美国孩子都会接受教育，并且父母会为他们安排好上学的一切。但是对于TaraWestover来说，她并没有接受教育，因为她的父亲认为女人最好呆在家里。【17题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：大多数美国孩子都被他们的父母期待接受教育，并且有有一个好的教育。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“andhaveagoodlife”可知，空处的时态为一般现在时。句子主语“mostAmericankids”为复数，与动词“expect”为动宾关系，所以语态为被动语态，所以空处用areexpected，故填expected。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：塔拉在爱达荷州的一个贫困家庭长大，不被允许接受适当的教育。分析句子可知，逗号前的内容在句中为状语，句子主语“Tara”与动词“raise”为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词raised表示被动。处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Raised。【19题详解】考查时态。句意：她父亲不让她上学，认为女人最好待在家里。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“was”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时。故填kept。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：塔拉如何争取受教育的权利呢？短语：fightfor“争取……”，为固定搭配。故填for。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【答案】21.B22.A23.C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍来STEM(

Science,Technology,Engineering,Mathematics)的四场赛事活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“participantscan”，可定位到每个黑体字部分下的“What”的内容中。根据第一个黑体字下“What:Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbythemselves.（竞赛内容：学生必须自己编写和构建一个应用程序。）”可知，学生是自己编写和构建一个应用程序，并非根据评委的选择，选项A错误；根据第二个黑体字下“What:Entrantsmustconductanoriginalindependentresearchproject.Besidesapplicationletters,recommendationlettersandtranscripts(成绩单)arealsoneeded.（竞赛内容：参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目。除了申请信外，还需要推荐信和成绩单。）”可知，参与者需要携带推荐信，而不是得到教授的推荐信