Unit2 LESSON3 - READING CLUB2 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂

版本：新北师单元：必修一Unit2（LESSON3—READINGCLUB2）本单元词汇梳理1.relieve：re-

(again再)+liev-

(liftup,lighten轻)+-e→再轻→减轻词族：relieve,relief,relieved2.strengthen：strength

(力量)+-en

(使；使成为)词族：strong—strength—strengthen3.system：音译词；sy-

(together一起)+-st(stand站立)

词源义：有机整体词块：immunesystem；派生词：systematic4.weekly：week+-ly

(每隔……时间)；

同类词：daily,hourly,monthly5.awkward：awk-

(方式或手法不正确)+

ward

(后缀)→相反的→笨拙的→尴尬的同义词：embarrassing,difficult,inconvenient6.particular：词块：inparticular;beparticularabout/over7.benefit：bene-

(well好)+fit

(do,perform做)→做好处、善举→个人利益，即善有善报

词块：benefitfrom,beofgreatbenefit8.membership：member+-ship

词块：membershipcard9.equipment：equip+ment；

词块：apieceofequipment10.capable：cap-(hold拿、取)+-able；词块：becapableof

派生词：capability11.prevent：pre-(before前、先)+-vent-(come来)→预先来到→预防派生词：prevention词块：preventsbfromdoingsth12.disease：dis-

(不；非；使相反)+ease

(放松；舒服)→不舒服、生病→疾病13.upper：up的比较级；词块：upperclass14.flow：一词多义：基本义：流动15.relief：构词法relieve—relief词块：in/withrelief,toone’srelief16.ache：近义词hurt17.guideline：合成词guide+line；词块：guidelineson18.click：拟声词；基本义“点击”；词块：clickon,aclickof19.detail：de-

(entirely完全)+tail-

(cutinpieces剪成小块)→完全剪碎→细节词块：indetail,gointodetails派生词：detailed20.amount：a-(加强意义)+-mount-(mountain山)→到达山顶

→到达最顶处→总、合词块：alargeamountof;amountto21.shortcut：合成词short+cut22.overnight：over-

(越过)+night

(夜晚)23.achievable：achieve+-able24.muscle：词源：英语单词muscle来自拉丁语musculus，和mus(老鼠)的指小形式，其实就是“小老鼠”的意思。古罗马人觉得鼓起的肌肉很像一只跳跃的小老鼠。希腊语和德语中，“肌肉”和“老鼠”是同一个词，阿拉伯语中的“肌肉”和“老鼠”的拼写也很接近。25.satisfaction：词族：satisfy,satisfied,satisfying,satisfaction26.overdo：over-

(超过、过度)+do

(做)27.sight：词源同see。意为“景点”时常用复数；sightseeingsight词块：in/outof(one’s)sight,loseone’ssight,atfirstsight,atthesightof,catchsightof,comeintosight,losesightof,setone’ssightson28.cyclist：cycle+-ist29.overtake：over-

(在上；超过）+take

(拿；取)30.amazed：amaze+-ed

(分词形容词)；注意与amazing的区别31.sportsmanship：sportsman

(运动员)+-ship32.medal：词块bronze/gold/silvermedal33.response：构词：respond—response词块：inresponse(to)34.gesture：gest-(carry携带，运输)+-ure（名词词尾）→用手势来运输(传递)信息以达到交流的目的35.flexibility：flexible+-ity；词根：flex-=tobendstrength&strengthen一词多义awkwardbenefitflow一词多义一词多义principle搭配义英语释义辨析义sight一词多义搭配义后缀-ly话题词汇：Sports&Fitness重难点词精讲strength词源strength的词源义为“bodilypower”，即“力量”。strength既可指人的身强力壮(physicallystrong)，比如说你可以做100个俯卧撑，也可指人内心的强大(mentallystrong)。构词法：strong→strength→strengthenstrengthn❶[U]体力；力气thequalityofbeingphysicallystrong：Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.2011

天津PractisingChinesekungfucannotonlybuildupone’sstrength,butalsodevelopone’scharacter.

2009浙江人身体的“力量”

[U]意志力：

innerstrength/strengthofwillIhopeyouhave/findthestrengthtostartalloveragain.

[U]实力：

Politicalpowerdependsuponeconomicstrength.人内在的“力量”国家等集体的“力量”

[C]优点；长处：Eachofushasourownstrengthsandweaknesses.2009浙江

[C]&[U]强度；浓度：【重要搭配】gofromstrengthtostrength不断壮大：Thecompanyhasgonefromstrengthtostrengthsinceitwasestablishedfiveyearsago.人格的“力量”物体或液体的“力量”strength的语义网络图力量基本义strength人身体的“力量”人内在的“力量”体力；力气意志力实力强度；浓度优点；长处国家等集体的“力量”人格的“力量”物体或液体的“力量”由个体到群体由具象到抽象由表及里由人到物基本义词汇拓展strengthen

vt&vi

加强；巩固反weaken：

Thewindwasstrengthening.Ibelievethatthismagazinewillsurelystrengthenourties.strength加后缀-en变成动词漫威系列电影中有一位超级英雄——美国队长（CaptainAmerica）。他原本是个瘦弱的青年，注射超级血清后，成为了一名超级士兵。CaptainAmerica他有着超越常人的体能。Hehassuperhumanphysicalstrength.他有着坚定的信念和非凡的意志力。Hehasafirmbeliefandownsremarkablestrengthofwill.他有很多的优点：正直、勇敢、坚持和高尚的品德。Hehasmanystrengths:honesty,bravery,persistenceandgreatcharacter.一群超级英雄聚集在一起组成了非常有实力的群体——复仇者联盟。AgroupofsuperheroesjointogetherandmaketheAvengers,agroupwithgreatstrength.美国队长的盾牌由“振金”制成，强度(strengths)很高，能抵抗雷神之锤的攻击。awkward

adj

令人尴尬的；别扭的embarrassing：anawkwardsilence

使用不便的；难以应付的(difficult)：anawkwardmachineaskanawkwardquestion

不方便的(inconvenient)：Pleasearrangethenextmeetingatalessawkwardtime.

紧张的；不舒适的notrelaxedorcomfortable：Shelikedtodancebutfeltawkwardifsomeonewaswatchingher.►awkwardly

adv

尴尬地

…Justsittinginthewheelchairwasa39learningexperience.Ihadneverconsideredbeforehow40awkwarditwouldbetouseone.AssoonasIsatdown,my41weightmadethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot42locked.ThenIwonderedwheretoputmy43feet.Ittookmequiteawhiletogetthemetalfootrestinto44place

…(2013年全国卷I完形填空)awkward的常见释义是“尴尬的”。但是在这道题目中，根据其语境，awkward意为“困难的”，其同义词是difficult。这层释义是我们不太熟悉的释义，表示“困难的”也很少想到用awkward。这个词在高考完形填空中出现的频率相当高。awkward链接高考anawkwardgesture

anawkwardpeasantanawkwardinstrument

anawkwardsituationanawkwardcustomeranawkwardmomentawkward

语境活译大挑战笨拙的姿势笨手笨脚的乡下人不好用的仪器棘手的情况不好对付的顾客尴尬的时刻翻译下面的句子。新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处。Thefreshair_____________ourhealth.isgoodforbenefitisofbenefittobenefitsn[C]&[U]

利益；益处anadvantage,improvement,orhelpthatyougetfromsth:sidebenefit2019全国Therearecertainlybenefitsofusingastarinafilm.2010广东Hehashadthebenefitofafirst-classeducation.

津贴；救济金

(welfare)benefit【重要搭配】beofbenefitto对……有益

(bebeneficialto)：Scientificresearchisofgreatbenefittomankind.forsb’sbenefit/forthebenefitofsb为了某人的利益：Themoneyistobeusedforthebenefitofthepoor.Thebooksareveryuseful(=areofgreatuse)toEnglishlearners.Friendsareveryimportant(=areofgreatimportance)toeveryone.

Thestoryhetoldmewasveryinteresting(=wasofgreatinterest).beof+抽象名词=be+对应的形容词vt&vi有益于；受益：Therainwillbenefit

thecropsgreatly.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.2011江苏Iamsureeveryonewillbenefitalotfromthisactivity.2008陕西书面表达benefitbeneficial

adj

[正式用语]有益的；有利的havingahelpfulorusefuleffect：Exerciseishighlybeneficialtohealth.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.2009北京【词汇拓展】阳光对植物有益。1.Sunshine__________plants.2.Plants____________________sunshine.3.Sunshine______________________________plants.4.Sunshine________________________________________plants.

benefitsbenefitfromisbeneficialtoisofbenefittoSunshineisgoodforplants.翻译下面的句子（每空一词）。flowManstrugglesupwards;waterflowsdownwards.Thepersonwhohasnopersonalityalwaysgoeswiththeflow.

Onlydeadfishfollowtheflow.

(液体、气体、电等)流动；流出：It’sherethattheriverflowsdownintotheocean.

[比喻人或事物像水一样]流逝；流畅；流淌：Timeflowsaway.Herhairfloweddownoverhershoulders.Trucksandcarsflowedalongthehighway.■n[C]&[U]流；流动：aflowofpeople/carsfree

flowofinformationflowvi液体、气体、电等的“流动”由具体到抽象比喻人或事物像水一样“流动”（液体、气体、电等）流动；流出（比喻人或事物像水一样）流逝；流畅；流淌flow

语义网络图流动、流出flow基本义theMurphy’slaw

墨菲定律Newton’sthirdlaw

牛顿第三定律Archimedes’principle

阿基米德定律Pareto’sprinciple

帕累托法则（二八定律）ButterflyEffect蝴蝶效应catfisheffect鲶鱼效应我们熟悉的那些“定律”“原理(原则)”和“效应”……principle

principlen

[C]原理；原则thebasicideathataplanorsystemisbasedon：Excellentcustomerserviceshouldbeourguidingprinciple.

[C]&[U]道德准则；行为准则amoralruleorbeliefaboutwhatisrightandwrong,thatinfluenceshowyoubehave：Irefusetolieaboutit;it’sagainstmyprinciples.She’dneverasktoborrowmoney,onprinciple.

[C](机器等的)工作原理；(自然界的)定律；法则ageneralorscientificlawthatexplainshowsthworksorwhysthhappens：Archimedes’principleArchimedes’principle(GeneralPhysics)alawofphysicsstatingthattheapparentupwardforce(buoyancy)ofabodyimmersedinafluidisequaltotheweightofthedisplacedfluid.阿基米德定律流体静力学的一个重要原理，它指出，浸入静止流体中的物体受到一个浮力，其大小等于该物体所排开的流体重量，方向竖直向上并通过所排开流体的形心。这结论是阿基米德首先提出的，故称阿基米德原理。principle语义网络图原理；原则（基本义）（机器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律道德准则；行为准则行为的基本原则事物运作的科学原则inprinciple

理论上；原则上：IagreewithitinprinciplebutIdoubtifitwillhappeninpractice.

大体上；基本上：Weagreewithitinprinciplebutwestillneedtodiscussthedetails.

sight词源sight来源于古英语动词see，sight是其名词形式，最初加名词后缀th，后变成t→sight，即theactofsee。

[U]

视力；视觉：havegood/poorsightWhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.

[U]看见；瞥见：Justthesightofthemonstermadehergoallweak.

[U]视域；眼界；视线：Ilookedaroundmequickly.Therewasnooneinsight.Sheneverletsherdaughteroutofhersight.

[C]看见的事物；景象；情景：ThepracticeofhangingflagsisacommonsightinmanypartsofthecountryonNationalday.Thesemountainsareasplendidsightwhenviewedfromthevalleyfloor.

[复数]名胜；景点

=placesofinterestsOverseasvisitorsareimpressedbythebeautifulsightsofBeijing.所见之物基本义sight看见的能力看见的行为看见的范围看见的事物看见的名胜古迹视力；视觉看见；瞥见视域；眼界；视线景象；情景名胜；景点sight语义网络图atfirstsight一见(就)；乍一看：fallinlovewithsbatfirstsightAtfirstsight,thereisnothingspecialaboutthewatch,butinfactitisamobilephone.atthesightof一看见：Somepeoplewillfaintatthesightofblood.catchsightof看见；发现：Suddenly,IcaughtsightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.sight搭配comeintosight进入视线；映入眼帘：Astheplanecamedownthroughtheclouds,greenfieldsandwhitehousescameintosight.losesightof看不见；忽略；忘记：Ilostsightofhiminthecrowd.Hisgrandfather,abanker,lostallinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.setone’ssightson以……为奋斗目标：TheplayersaidthathehadsethissightsonwinningthechampionshipinthecomingOlympics.说出下列句子中画线词的词性和词义。1.Thenewspaperispublishedweekly.Itisverypopularwithstudents. ___________2.Themostlikelyexplanationisthathisplanewasdelayed(晚点). ___________3.Ineedn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.(2015天津) ___________4.Motherlyloveistochildrenwhatsunshineistograss. ___________后缀-ly

adv

每周一次地adj

可能的adj

友好的adj

母亲般的英语中以-ly结尾的词大多为副词，但有些名词以-ly结尾也可构成形容词，此时后缀-ly意为“像……一样的”“具有……特质的”“每……一次的”。话题词汇：Sports&FitnessSports&Fitness

SportsconditionexercisefrequencyFitnessnever,seldom,sometimes,often,regularly/frequently,usually,weekly,daily,always,etc.beingood/greatshape,beinbad/poorshape,etc.bouncetheball,boxing,doawarm-up,doexercise,dogymnastics,gobowling,gocycling,gojogging,goskateboarding,gowalking,playbadminton,playbasketball,playfootball,playgolf,etc.court,field,gymnasium(gym),track,etc.;coach,fan,judge,onthebench,replacement,etc.eatfruitandvegetables,eathealthyfood,haveahealthyandbalanceddiet,etc.;playsports,etc.;cycletoschool,walktoschool,etc.;climb/walkupthestairs,etc.habits随堂检测一、写出下列句子中strength的释义。1.Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphisstrength.________2.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.（2013

湖南）

________3.Thestrengthofacountrydoesnotrestuponeconomicdevelopmentalone;itrestsuponeducation,atleasttothesameextent.________4.Baijiu（白酒）issimilartovodka（伏特加）

intermsofitstexture（口感）,strengthandappearance,butissaidtohaveasweetertaste.________5.Jennydidn’thavethestrengthtoendtherelationship. ________

strength优点；长处

体力实力浓度勇气二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Governmentscannotignorethe__________(strong)ofpublicopinion.2.Toavoidknee（膝盖）pain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto________________(strength)yourlegmuscles.（2018全国）三、根据所给汉语，用含有strength的词块完成下列句子。1.Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_______________________（强项和弱项）.2.I________________（获得力量)everytimeIsaid,“Yes,I’lltrythat.”（2011天津）3.UnderJobs,AppleInc.__________________________________（不断壮大),establishingitselfasabyword（代名词）forinnovation（创新）.strengthsandweaknessesgainedstrengthhasgonefromstrengthtostrengthstrength

strengthen写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。_______________1.Shelikedtodancebutfeltawkwardifsomeonewaswatchingher._______________2.Juststopbeingsoawkwardandhelpmepushthecar,willyou！_______________3.Ifeltawkward,soIsmiledattheguy.紧张的；不舒服的不合作的尴尬的awkwardbenefit根据所给提示，将下列句子翻译成英语。1.Goodopinionsareworthstickingtobecausetheycan_________________________（对我们都有益）.（2015

浙江书面表达）2.Asweknow,booksarethesourceofknowledge.I_________________________（从阅读中获益良多）.（2012

江西书面表达）3.Chinahasbeenpushingthereform（改革）ofpublichospitals___________________________________________________（为了所有市民的利益）.（2012

福建改）4.Thesituation_________________________

（对任何人都没有好处）.benefitusallbenefitalotfromreadingforthebenefitofallitscitizens/forallitscitizens’benefitisofnobenefittoanyone一、将下列短语或句子翻译成汉语。1.flowfreely_______________________2.flowinthewind

_______________________3.Riversflowintothesea._______________________4.Thecrowdflowedoutofthestation.

_______________________5.Tearsfloweddownhischeeks._______________________6.

Thecoloredflagsflowinthewind._______________________7.Thelinesinthispaintingflow.

_______________________8.Herhairfloweddownherback.

_______________________

自由流动在风中流动百川归海。人群涌出车站。他泪流满面。彩旗迎风飘扬。这幅画线条流畅。她的头发飘垂在她的背后。flow二、将下列短语或句子翻译成英语。1.气流___________________________2.数据流___________________________3.缓缓地流淌____________________________4.流入大海

___________________________5.这条河流经这个城市。____________________________6.时间流逝。____________________________7.那条河自东向西流。____________________________8.河水漫过堤岸。___________________________