Unit8 LESSON2 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北师单元：必修三Unit8

(LESSON2)本单元词汇梳理1.posterpost+-er2.founderfound(v

创建)+-er3.profitpro-(forward向前)+-fit(tomake,do做)→做事的收益→利润、报酬词块：makeaprofit,profitby/from派生词：profitable,non-profit4.organiserorganise(v

组织)+-er5.union词块：thestudent/students’union6.contented辨析：contented多指因生活舒适而惬意；content多指对生活的态度(havetobecontent,learntobecontent)；人和动物均可用contented，但只有形容人才能用content。7.occur正式用语；近义词：happen词块：itoccurstosbtodosth/that8.agriculture

agri-(field田地)+culture(cultivation种植)→农业派生词：agricultural词块：agriculturalcrops9.proposal正式用语

(aformalsuggestionorplan)词块：makeaproposal=propose熟词生义：求婚10.slim熟词生义：微小的词块：aslimchance,aslimfigure形容词动词化：slimdown11.survival构词法：survive(v

幸存)—survival词族：survive,survival,survivor12.rate词块：birth/heart/successrate;ata…rateof(=ata…speedof)名词动词化：划分等级；评估；派生词：rating13.quote词块：quotesthfromsb/sth熟词生义：举例说明14.overcome词块：overcometheproblem/difficulty,beovercomewithsadness15.destinationde-(向下)+stin(stand站)→下一个立足点→目的地词块：reachone’sdestination,aholiday/touristdestination16.former词块：theformer…thelatter17.currentcurr-(torun,跑)+-ent(形容词词缀)→跑动中的→流动的→在时间里跑动→正在进行中→现行的隐喻：水/气/电流→（事件、时代等）趋势；潮流词族：current,currency,currently18.ordinary词源义：安排，词源同order引申词义：按顺序的；普通的近义词：normal词块：ordinarypeople一词多义重难点词精讲profit一词多义rate一词多义搭配义current名词后缀-(e)roccur辨析义搭配义ordinary辨析义overcome搭配义

n

[C]&[U]

利润；盈利（反loss）：TheConfuciusInstituteisanon-profiteducationalorganisationrunbytheChineseMinistryofEducation.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubshavebeenrunasbusinesstomakeaprofit.2008上海

n

[U][正式用语]

好处；利益：Ihavereadthebookwithprofit.pro-(forward向前)+-fit(tomake,do做)→做事的收益→利润、报酬profit■vt&vi[正式用语]获利（于）；受益（于）：Itwillprofityounothingtodothat.Canyoupatentandprofitby/fromyouridea?►profitableadj

盈利的；有好处的：keepthebusinessprofitableMajorearthquakeslikethisoften_______________（发生）.happen

正式用语根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。occur/occur

[正式用语]发生tohappen:

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.

2017江苏

出现；存在toexistorbefoundsomewhere：

Sugaroccursnaturallyinfruit.Culturaldifferencesoccurwhereveryougo.2014重庆occurtosb浮现于脑中；被想起：①itoccurstosbtodosth:Itoccurredtohertophonethepolice.②itoccurstosb+that从句:NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.

2013湖南occur词源解读：occur：oc-(=ob-against,toward相对、向)+cur(torun跑)→相对着跑，即跑到一起的→遇到→发生occur

句中写—读后续写1.Asuddenthoughtoccurred

tohim.读写细节描写一句多译：想到了一个想法(flash)(enter)(strike)(hit)(take)2.Asuddenthoughtflashedacrosshismind.3.Asuddenthoughtenteredhismind.4.Asuddenthoughtstruckhim.5.Asuddenthoughthithim.6.Hewastakenbyasuddenthought.词汇拓展

[C]发生的事情：everydayoccurrences

[U]发生；出现►occurrencen辨析occur,happen,takeplace相同点：①三者都可指“发生”。

②

三者都是不及物动词，都无被动。不同点：occur指“发生”时可与happen换用，但occur较为正式。

Ifanyofthesesymptomsoccurwhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.happen主要用于偶然或突发性事件，多指意外事故、不幸的事。

Maybesomethingunexpectedhappened.takeplace主要指按计划进行或发生，可指发生好事或不好的事。

Theconferencewilltakeplacenextmonth.rate心率（heartrate）指心脏每分钟搏动的次数。rate■

n[C]

比率：thebirth/death/unemployment/success/heartrate

速度；速率：Ourmoneywasrunningoutatanalarmingrate.

价格；费用：exchange/interestratesbesoldatahighrateatanyrate无论如何(anyway)：Atanyrate,themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.atthis/thatrate这样/那样的话：Ifyougoonatthatrate,youwilldamageyourhealth.first-rate/second-rate/third-rate一流的/二流的/三流的■vt

[不用于进行时]

对……评估；对……评价：Theuniversityishighlyratedforitsresearch.Theshowwasratedasagreatsuccessbycritics.

给……划分等级：Whenstudentsratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.2009北京改rate语义网络图率；比率速度；速率数字或频度等的“比率”价格；费用速度或进度的“比率”金钱的“比率”比率rate

战胜；克服：overcometheenemy/thedifficultiesIfyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.

[常用于被动语态]受到……的极大影响：Overcomebycuriosity,theboylookedoutthewindow.Herparentswereovercomewithgriefatthefuneral.overcome(overcame,overcome)vtcurrent电流anelectricalcurrent气流aircurrents洋流oceancurrentscurrent

adj

[只用于名词前]现时的；当前的；现行的：thecurrentPresidentStudentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.

通用的；流通的；流行的：currentmoneyacurrentaccountcurr-(torun跑)+-ent(形容词词缀)→跑动中的→流动的→在时间里跑动→正在进行中→现行的n[C]

水流；电流；气流：awarmoceancurrentanelectricalcurrentSomebirdsusewarmaircurrentstohelpthemfly.

（事件、时代等）趋势；潮流：gowith/againstthecurrentofthetimes►currency

n[C]&[C]通货；货币；支付手段►currentlyadv现时；当前《平凡之路》是朴树作曲并演唱的歌曲，单曲于2014年7月16日首发,该歌曲是电影《后会无期》的主题曲。后被多位外国友人翻译成英文并演唱。《平凡之路》的英文翻译有两种：

Theroadtoordinary.Beordinary.歌曲欣赏《平凡之路》TheRoadtoOrdinary/BeOrdinaryForthosewhowanderontheroadWheredoyougoviavia~~ForthosetooproudwhowalkaloneWhyareyoustandingfarfromhomeAndwhenthestormsrageontheseaWhatdoyouneedviavia~~AloneinsilentreverieAreyoustilllisteningtomeI’veclimbedthemountainsI’vecrossedtheseaMovedthroughcrowdsonbusystreetsOnceIhaditallinmyhandsUntilitfelllikegrainsofsandMademywaysacrossthehighwaysandbywaysaloneButtheroadthat’sordinaryistheonlywayhomeWhenyoulostinsideadreamWhatitwillbeviavia~~WillitbebetteroffthiswayOrisitjustanotherdayOnceIburntitalltothegroundWalkedawayandleftthistownClawedmywaybackupthroughthedarkTriedtofightandmissedmymarkMademywayacrossthesorrowandlaughteraloneButtheroadthat’sordinaryistheonlywayhomeI’vecrossedtheseaMovedthroughcrowdsonbusystreetsOnceIhaditallinmyhandsUntilitfelllikegrainsofsandMademywaysacrossthehighwaysandbywaysaloneButtheroadthat’sordinaryistheonlywayhomeTheroadthat’sordinaryistheonlywayhomeordinary

adj

普通的；平常的normal;notspecialorunusualordifferentfromothers：Strangethingssometimeshappentoordinarypeople.词源：安排，词源同order，引申词义按顺序的、普通的（按顺序的即为普通的、不出挑的）common侧重表示普遍的、常见的。Heartdiseaseisoneofthecommonestcausesofdeath.normal侧重指正常的、平常的。Anormalworkingweekis40hours.usual表示由于长时间没有变化而形成了一种习惯或制度，强调习惯性。I’llmeetyouattheusualtime.ordinary侧重表示平常、平凡、无奇特之处，形容人时可与common通用。Herpaintingsdescribethelivesofordinarypeopleinthelastcentury.辨析common,normal,usual,ordinary名词后缀-(e)r选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.Theboyputup__________ofhisfavoritemoviestarsonhisbedroomwalls.2.Theauthoragreesthat__________arebornwithagiftformusic.

3.Thesesportsattractfew_________,andtheratings(收视率)areunusuallylow.（2012广东）

4.Theexperimentwastoshowhowheatinga__________ofwaterwouldbringairbubblingtothesurface.（2020江苏）5.JackMa,the__________ofAlibaba,makesgreatinnovationsinpeople’swayofshopping.6.Agood__________shouldbeabletoplaytoindividuals’strengthsandhelpthemovercometheirweaknesses.（2011浙江）postersview,post,organise,found,compose,containcomposers

viewerscontainerfounderorganiser名词后缀-(e)r可构成表示身份的名词，此时，后缀-(e)r表示动作的实施者；也可构成表示物体的名词，此时，后缀-(e)r表示与某事物有关的物品或能做某事的物品。随堂检测profit根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.ORBISaimstohelptheblindbysettingup____________________(非营利性机构).（2014江西改）2.Mostbusinessesseekto______________

(谋求利润).（2013全国）3.Thelocals___________________

(从……中获利)foreignvisitorswantingtobuyuppropertyontheirbeautifulisland.（2014陕西）non-profitorganisationsmakeaprofitobtainedprofitfrom一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Policereportsarefullofaccidentsthatoccurwhenpeoplefallintosleepandgoofftheroad.（2011

全国）_____________2.Violenceofsomesortseemstooccurineverysociety._____________二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。

1._________________________(我没有想到)thathemighthavehadproblems.2.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideas_______________________(他想到的).3.Isuppose______________________________(她根本没想到要请求帮助).4._________________________(他突然想到)thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.Itdidn’toccurtomethat/whichoccurredtohimitdidn’toccurtohertoaskforhelpItsuddenlyoccurredtohimoccur发生存在三、选出适当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空。1.TheOlympics___________everyfouryears.2.Nooneknowsexactlywhat__________________butseveralpeoplehavebeenhurt.3.Ifheadaches_________whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consult（咨询）yourdoctorimmediately.occurhappentakeplacetakeplacehappened/occurredoccurrate根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Thecountry’s_____________(出生率)felltoarecordlowlastyear.2.Well,that’sonegoodpieceofnews____________

(不管怎么说).3.Sheis_______________

(评价很高)bythepeoplesheworksfor.4.Thecarisrunning________________

(以……的速度)eightykilometersanhour.birthrateatanyrateratedveryhighlyataspeed/rateofovercome根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.要不是老师们的支持，我无法克服这个困难。(2017江苏)Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,_____________________________________________.2.她终于克服了上课时的羞怯。(manage)______________________________________________________3.她激动得难以自持，有好几分钟说不出话来。(emoti