地质工程专业英语

PAGEPAGE5PAGE1PAGE51地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalconditions地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形landform地貌geomorphology,relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit坡度grade地形图reliefmap河谷rivervalley河道rivercourse河床riverbed(channel)冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valleyflat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvialplain三角洲delta古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel冲积扇alluvialfan洪积扇diluvialfan坡积裙talusapron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform溶洞solutioncave,karstcave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karsticearthcave2地层岩性地层geostrome(stratum,strata)岩性lithologiccharacter,rockproperty岩体rockmass岩层bedstratum岩层layer,rockstratum母岩matrix,parentrock相变facieschange硬质岩strongrock,film软质岩weakrock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理crossbedding层面beddingplane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mudcrack雨痕raindropimprints造岩矿物rock-formingminerals粘土矿物claymineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene,picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineralcomposition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmaticrock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock喷出岩effusiverock深成岩plutonicrock浅成岩pypabysalrock酸性岩acidrock中性岩inter-mediaterock基性岩basicrock超基性岩ultrabasicrock岩基rockbase(batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩株rockstock岩流rockflow岩盖rocklaccolith(laccolite)岩盆rocklopolith岩墙rockdike岩床rocksill岩脉veindyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanicbreccia火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩sedimentaryrock碎屑岩clasticrock粘土岩clayrock粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone化学岩chemicalrock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartzsandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organicmatter粗粒coarsegrain中粒medium-grained沉积物 sediment(deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒 claygrain砂质粘土sandyclay粘质砂土clayeysand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层） deluvium残积物（层） eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eoliandeposits湖积物（层） lakedeposits海积物（层） marinedeposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvialdeposits,colluvium残积粘土residualclay变质岩metamorphicrock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologicstructure结构构造structuraltexture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动verticalmovement水平运动horizontalmovement内聚力 cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力 pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’scircle包络线envelope休止角angleofrepose,angleoffriction(repose,rest),reposeangle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulusofelasticity，Young’smodulus,elasticmodulus压缩模量modulusofcompressibility变形模量modulusofdeformation卸荷模量 unloadingmodulus切线模量 tangentmodulus剪切模量 shearmodulus割线模量 secantmodulus旁压模量 pressurmetermodulus泊松比poisson’sration固结consolidation固结系数coefficientofconsolidation固结度 degreeofconsolidation超固结比overconsolidationration应变strain压缩比compressibilityratio压缩系数coefficientofcompressibility压缩指数compressionindex初始曲线virgincurve正常固结土 normallyconsolidatedsoil欠固结土 under-consolidatedsoil超固结土 over-consolidatedsoil被动土压力 passiveearthpressure主动土压力 activeearthpressure静止土压力 earthpressureatrest覆盖压力 overburdenpressure初始应力 initialstress地应力场 ground(geostatic)stressfield有效应力 effectivestress动应力 dynamicstress动荷载 dynamicload偏心荷载 eccentricloads循环荷载 inclinedloads地应力groundstress,geostaticstress初始应力initialstress应力场stressfield纵波 longitudinalwave液化势 liquefactionpotential液化指数 liquefactionindex交角 angular岩石抗力系数 coefficientofrockresistance容许承载力 allowablebearingcapacity临塑压力 criticalpressure接触压力 contactpressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineeringgeologicalproblem定性评价qualitativeestimate定量评价quantitativeestimate极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod不良地质现象unfavorablegeologicalcondition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移 differentialmovement相对位移 relativedisplacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche,toppling崩塌toppling,topplingcollapse滑坡、地滑creep,slide切层滑坡insequentlandslide深层滑坡deepslide浅层滑坡shallowslide顺层滑坡consequentlandslide滑动面slidingsurface,slidingplane,slipsurface滑动带slidingzone滑床slidebed滑坡体slide(sliding)mass古滑坡fossillandslide推移式滑坡slumpingslide牵引式滑坡retrogressiveslide管涌piping,internalerosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineeringinvestigation工程地质勘察 engineeringgeologyinvestigation岩土工程勘察 geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件 engineeringgeologicalcondition工程地质评价 engineeringgeologicalevaluation勘测 survey岩芯采取率 corerecovery,coreextraction岩芯获得率 RQD（岩石质量指标）rockqualitydesignation程序（步骤） procedure勘察阶段 investigationalstage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primarydesign初步规划preliminaryscheme初步勘探preliminaryprospecting初步踏勘groundreconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibilitystage初步设计阶段 preliminarystage施工阶段 constructionsage踏勘 reconnaissance,inspection地质测绘 geologicalsurvey工程地质测绘 engineeringgeologicalmapping钻探 boreholeoperation,boring物探 geophysicalexploration洞探 exploratoryadits钎探 rodsounding坑探 exploringmining槽探 trenching天然建材调查 naturalmaterialssurveying(examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnicalinvestigationreport鉴定 identification,appraisal鉴定书 expertisereport鉴定人 identifier,surveyor校核 verification总监 chiefinspector比例 proportion地形图 geographicmap地貌图 geomorphologicalmap地质图 geologicalmap工程地质图 engineeringgeologicalmap实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)构造地质图 geologicalstructuremap第四纪地质图 quarternarygeologicalmap地质详图 detailmapofgeology地质柱状图 geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog钻孔柱状图 logsofborehole纵剖面图 longitudinalsection横剖面图 crosssection展示图 revealdetailmap节理玫瑰图 roseofjoints基岩等高线 bedrockcontour层底等高线 contourofstratumbottom岩层界线 strataboundary岩面高程 elevationofbedrocksurface坐标 coordinate分层 bedseparation地质点 geologicalobservationpoint勘探点 exploratorypoint(spot)勘探线 exploratoryline勘探孔 explorationhole平洞 adit竖井 riser,shaft,verticalshaft探槽 exploratorytrench探井 exploratorypit钻孔 borehole,drillhole机钻孔 ordinarydrillhole套钻孔 sleevedrillhole管钻孔 pipedrillhole岩芯 core岩芯钻探 coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探 churndrilling,percussiondrilling钢砂钻探 shotdrilling铁砂钻进 ironshotdrilling跟管钻进 follow-downdrilling振动钻进 vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探 mudflushdrilling金刚石钻进 diamonddrilling单动式 singleacting双层 doublelayer空气钻探 airflushdrilling钻机 drillingrig钻头 drillbit,drillingbit螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoonbit冲击钻头 percussionbit,choppingbit桶式钻头 bucketauger钻杆 drillrod套管 casing岩芯管 corebarrel冲洗掖 flushfluid正循环冲洗 directcirculation反循环冲洗 reversecirculation泥浆 mud,slurry泥皮 mudcake护壁 dado止水 seal,waterseal扫孔 cleaningbottomofhole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drillingboring8工程地质试验击实试验compactiontest压缩试验 compressiontest固结试验 consolidationtest单轴试验uniaxialcompressiontest现场剪切试验in-situsheartest单剪试验simplesheartest直剪试验directsheartest慢剪试验 slowtest单剪试验 simplesheartest快剪试验 quicktest三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest动三轴试验dynamictriaxialtest不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)固结不排水剪试验consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固结排水试验consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)原位测试 in-situtest现场监测 on-site(in-site)monitoring现场检测 on-site(in-site)inspection观测孔 observationborehole静力触探试验conepenetrationtest,staticpenetrationtest,staticconetest标贯试验standardpenetrationtest十字板剪切试验vanesheartest,vanetest检层法 up-holemethod,boreholemethod旁压试验 pressuremetertest动力触探试验 dynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding点荷载试验 pointloadtest岩石试验 rocktest应力解除法stressreliefmethod应力恢复法stressrecoverymethod套孔法over-coringmethod9岩土体加固掌子面 breast,drivingface,headingface,tunnelface顶拱 vault底拱 invert洞室开挖 excavation超挖 overbreak风钻 pneumaticdrill开挖断面 excavatedsection塌落 slump细骨料混凝土 concretemadewithfineaggregate细骨料 fineaggregate,fineadjustment料场 stockground土料 earthmaterial矿渣 cinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag性能 function,performance,property,nature凝结coagulate,congeal,congealment,coagulation合格 qualified,ontest,uptostandard初凝 initialset初凝时间 initialsettingtime终凝 finalset配合比 mixproportion塌落度 slump水化热 heatofhydration,hydrationheat,settingheat水灰比 water-cementratio粉煤灰 flyash梅花状 quincuncialpattern喷射 shotcrete浇注 pouring钢筋网 coiremesh加固 reinforce锚杆 anchoredbar,rockbolt锚索 anchoredcable锚紧端 anchorstation锚桩 anchoredpeg采石场 rockquarry开挖 excavation清基 cleanupfoundation明挖 open-cut爆破 explosion光面爆破 smoothblasting预裂法 presplitting10水工概论坝址 toeofdam坝踵heel坝段 monolith坝顶 crest坝肩 shoulders左坝肩 leftdamabutment副坝 saddledam三坝址 thethirddamsite标高 heightmark上游水位 headwater正常库水位 normalreservoirlevel地下洞室undergroundopening(tunnel)压力隧洞 pressuretunnel无压隧洞 gravitytunnel交通洞 accesstunnel灌浆洞 groutingtunnel明流洞 free-flowtunnel孔板洞 orificetunnel排砂洞 sedimenttunnel尾水洞 tailracetunnel排水洞 drainagetunnel导流洞 diversiontunnel隧道tunnel围岩surroundingrock,ambientrock围岩应力secondarystressstatic应力集中stressconcentrate覆盖层overburden冒顶cavein,rooffall底鼓bottomheave回弹rebound岩爆rockburst冻结法freezingmethod超载overbreak衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝constructionjoint心墙core截水墙cutoffwall防渗墙 diaphragmwall排水井 drainagewells排水幕drainagecurtain减压井 reliefwells反滤层 filterzone灌浆材料 grout水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing帷幔线 curtainline上游围堰 upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙 concretecutoffwall截流 interimcompletion导水墙 channeltrainingwall正常溢洪道渠首工程 servicespillwayheadwork消力塘 linedplungepool隔墙 dividerwalls混凝土护坦 concreteapron副厂房 auxiliarypowerhouse闸门室 gatechamber中闸室 midgatechamber开关站 switchyard电梯井 elevatorshaft尾水渠 tailrace非常溢洪道 emergencyspillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥 JiangyinBridge悬索桥 suspensionbridge锚碇 anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面 front(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage塔墩 tower墩pier散索鞍 splaysaddle猫道 footbridge主缆 maincable索股 cablestrand主鞍 mainsaddle,towersaddle主跨 mainspan边跨 sidespan引桥 approach钢箱梁 steelboxmaingirder埋深embedmentdepth北塔墩基础 northtowerbase基础foundation,footing浅基础shallowfoundation深基础deepfoundation联合基础combinedfooting筏形基础 raft(mat)foundation钢模 steelform桩 pile基桩foundationpile群桩 pilegroups桩基础 pilefoundation桩承台pilecap高桩承台high-risepilecap低桩承台buriedpilecap摩擦桩frictionpile端承桩endbearingpile嵌岩桩socketedpile板桩sheetpile旋喷桩jet-groutedpile灌注桩cast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩drivencast-in-placepile支护桩soldierpiles,tangentpiles刚性桩 rigidpile柔性桩 flexiblepile侧向受荷桩 laterallyloadedpile轴向受荷桩 axiallyloadedpile预制桩 precastconcretepile振动打桩vibratorypiledriving振动钻进vibratorydrilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱） (open)caisson地下连续墙diaphragmwall,slurrywall支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contactpressure井点降水well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile承载力bearingcapacity阻力resistance桩端阻力endresistance表面摩擦力skinfriction粘着系数adhesionfactor负摩擦力negativeskinfriction安全系数factorofsafety压缩层compressedlayer附加应力additionalstress,superimposedstress持力层bearinglayer,sustaininglayer地基土foundationsoil,subsoil临塑压力criticalpressure剪切破坏shearfailure地基失效foundationfailure冲剪破坏punchingfailure渐进破坏progressivefailure容许荷载allowableload极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacity沉降settlement沉降差differentialsettlement尾部倾斜angulardistortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottomheave静止土压力earthpressureatrest稳定数stability