国际商务英语专有名词表

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5

UnitOne

internationalbusiness

exports/imports

exporter/importer

patents

trademarks

copyrights

internationaltrade

transportation

tourism

banking

advertising

construction

retailing/wholesaling

insurance

education

masscommunication

specialization

absoluteadvantage

comparativeadvantage

input/output

opportunitycost

opportunitycostratios

exchangerate

operatingcosts

bankcreditagreements

clearingarrangements

tradeingoods

tradeinservices

visiblegoods/invisiblegoods

internationalinvestments

balanceofpayments

foreigndirectinvestment(FDI)

manufacturedgoods

culturalconflicts

negotiation

marketing

businessadministration

businesspublicrelations

businessman

businesspeople

subsidiary/subsidiaries

jointventures

affiliatedbusinesses

generalmanager

executives

CEO

commercialrisk

financialrisks

politicalrisks

regulatoryrisks

taxrisks

antitrustlaws

doubletaxation

commercialcredit

commerciallending

purchasedmerchandiseonaccount

advancesonsales

commercialbill

aqualifiedlender

bankloans

currentratio

cashassets

outstandingindebtedness

collateral

credithistory

financialprofile

thecommodityeconomy

industrycapital

businessenterprises

personalcredit

creditors

liens

internationalbusinessmanagement

creativeconsciousness

thecapacityofworkingonone’sown

globaleconomicintegration

internationalization

WTO

UruguayRound

GATT

Negotiationforum

DohaDevelopmentAgenda

traderules

side-effects

well-being

tradedisputes

agriculture

textilesandclothing

telecommunications

governmentpurchases

governmentprocurement

industrialstandards

productsafety

foodsanitationregulations

intellectualproperty

tradewithoutdiscrimination

GATS

TRIPsAgreement

most-favored-nation(MFN)

customsdutyrate

customsduties

tariffs

nationaltreatment

transparency

TradePolicyReviewMechanism

annex

predictableandgrowingaccesstomarkets

free-trade

importbans

quotas

predictability

theboundrates

transitioneconomies

faircompetition

dumping

subsidies

economicreform

theleast-developedcountries

UnitTwo

internationaltrade

worldtrade

overseastrade

industrialization

advancedtransportation

globalization

transnationalcorporations

traderestrictions

governmentalquotas

exporttariffs

tradebarriers

rawmaterials

capital-intensiveproducts

land-intensiveproducts

labor-intensivecommodities

heavyconstructionequipment

industrialmachinery

consumergoods

laborcosts

productionfacilities

farmingtechnology

massproduction

economicbenefits

domesticmarket

naturalresources

technologyresources

humanresources

costofproduction

politicalstrength

tastes

preferences

consumptionpatterns

re-export/re-import

favorabletradebalance

activetradebalance

exportsurplus

tradesurplus

unfavorabletradebalance

adversetradebalance

importsurplus

tradedeficit

exporttrade,importtradeandtransittrade

directtrade,indirecttradeandentrepottrade

tangibletradeandintangibletrade

bartertradeandfree-liquidationtrade

directtransittradeandindirecttransittrade

thebondedwarehouse

thedomestictransportationline

warehousecharges

transshipment

processor

Incoterms

CISG

UCP600

bargaining

aninterveningmedium

cashtrade

termsandconditions

businesscorrespondence

letters,telexes,cables,faxes,e-mails,etc.

inquiry/enquiry,offer,counter-offer,acceptanceandconclusionofacontract

documentarycredit

shipmentdocuments

settlement

analyticalstudy

creditstanding

capacity

specifications

tradeterms

FOB,FCA,FAS,CFR,CPT,CIF,CIP,EXW,DAF,DDU,DDP,DES,DEQ,

L/C

shippingspace

charteraship

importentry

importinspections

marketresearch,creditinquiry,makingcontacts

contractualterms

MOFTEC

ChineseEmbassy

foreigntradecorporations

chambersofcommerce

inquiryagencies

businessconnections

inquirer

abankreference

trader,dealer

tradeshows,directsales,directmail,manufacturer’srepresentatives,wholesalersanddistributors

theconsulateoffice

ICC

annualsalesvolume

businessculture

businessnegotiation

businesstalks

internationalfairs

theChinaExportCommoditiesFair

theexportsalescontract

forcemajeure

tiledocuments

thetotalvolumeoftrade

practitioners

anessentialcondition

themandatorysupervision

theprerequisite

customsformalities

acertificateofquality

traditionsandpractices

UNCTAD

airfreight,seafreight

openaccount

accuracy,completeness,concisenessandpromptness

governmentcontroldocuments

commercialdocuments

transportationdocuments

insurancedocuments

financialdocuments

generaluse

importlicense

foreignexchangelicense

exportlicense

certificateoforigin

inspectioncertificate

consularinvoice

customsinvoice

thelicensingauthorities

centralbanks

customsclearance

economicsanctions

anotarypublic

thecountryofdestintion

preferredimportstatus

atthedisposalofthebuyer

basic/specialpacking

theloadingberth

ib/IB

alandfrontier

warehouse

terminal

transportstation

commonmisconceptions

propertyrights

variantsofIncoterms

undertackle

linerterms

FOBtrimmed/towed

entryfee

UnitFive

pricing

pricingprinciples

priceandunitprice

theaccompanyingservices

thepulseofthemarkets

thepriceofcommodity,theunitprice:anatureofcurrency,aunitprice,ameasuringunit,atradetermandanameofdestinationorshippingplace

coststructure

costsofproduction,sellinganddeliverycosts,andcustomsduties

ancillarycost

thefactoryprice

fixedcosts

variablecosts

commissions

salestripexpenses

pricingmethods

long-termobjective

short-termobjective

profitability

marketshare

annualbudgets

salesvolume

cost-basedpricing

break-evenpricing

marginalcostpricing

marginofprofit,profitmargin

targetcosting

thebreak-evenpoint(BEP)

FC,P,VC

totalfixedprice

mortgageinterest/payments

realestatetaxes

marginalcost

thedirectcosts

thevariableoverheads

moneyofaccount

moneyofpayment

hardcurrency

softcurrency

vehiclecurrency

foreignexchangerates

foreignexchangerisk

floatingexchangerates

exposure

hedge

forwardmarket

forwardrate

spotmarket

brokeragehouses

forwardcontract

intermediaryservice

quantitydiscount

cashdiscount

specialdiscount

netprice

pricingstrategies

themarketingmix

following-the-leaderpricing

penetrationpricing

cost-orientedpricing

demand-orientedpricing

retailpricing

thebreak-evenpoint

marketers

componentparts

utilities

suppliers

operatingexpenses

advertisingcampaigns

manufacturers

franchisemarketers

theU.SSmallBusinessAdministration(SBA)

governmentregulations

loadweights

speedlimits

aunitprice:currencyunit,unitpricefigure,measurementunitanddeliveryterms

initialprice

UnitSix

internationaltransportation

oceantransport

railtransportation

airtransportation

containertransport

internationalmulti-modaltransportation

seaports

carryingcapacity

linertransport

chartertransport/tramptransport

thefourfixed:fixedsailingdate,fixedrouteandfixedportstocallat,andrelativelyfixedfreightrate

consignor/consignee

theintermediateports

freight:basicfreight+surcharges

thebasicfreightrate

thetariffoffreightrate

W,M,W/M,AdVal.,W/MorAdVal.

permetricton

weightton

percubicmeter

measurementton

freightton

chargesurcharges

transshipmentsurcharges

fuelsurcharges

overweightandoverlengthsurcharges

acharterparty:thechartererandtheshipowner

bulkcargo

crudeoil

rawtimber

timecharter

voyagecharter

theloading/unloadingrate

demurrage

dispatchmoney

linerterm,freeout(FO),freein(FI),freeinandout(FIO)

scheduledairliners

charteredplanes

consolidatedconsignmentsbyfreightforwarders

FullContainerLoad(FCL)

LessthanContainerLoad(LCL)

adoortodoorservice

desk-to-deskservice

porttoportshipment

theContainerFreightSation(CFS)

thepointoforigin

theplaceofdestination

amulti-modaltransportoperator

thegeneralcarrier

conveyance

sub-carriers

marinebillsoflading

seawaybills

airwaybills(AWB)orairconsignmentnotes

combinedtransportdocuments

inlandtransportwaybills(roadwaybillorCMRconsignmentnoteandrailwaybillorcargoreceipt)

courierreceiptorpostparcelreceipts

shipping

thebilloflading(B/L)

atradedobject

acontractofcarriage

areceiptofgoods

atitledocument

inapparentgoodorder

partiesofabilloflading:thecarrierandtheshipper/theconsignor,theconsignee,thenotifypartyandthetransferee/theendorsee/holder

differentorders

demonstrativeorder

restrictiveorder

bearerorder

“toorder”and“totheorderoftheshipper”

“totheorderoftheissuingbank”

“totheorderoftheimporter”

“tobearer”

undercollection

non-payment

non-commercialtransactions

beleftblank

“tothenamedconsignee(importer)”

blankendorsement

specialendorsement

theshippingcompany(thecarrier)

thechartingvessel

thevoyaenumber

theportofreceipt/theportofloading/theportofshipment

theportofdestination/theportofdischarge/theportofdelivery

thepremisesoftheimporter/exporter

marksandnumbers

boxes/cartons/cases

beprepaidorcollected

freightprepaid/freightcollect

originalB/L,copies

typesofbilloflading

onboardB/L(orshippedB/L)andareceivedforshipmentB/L

inone’scustody

clean(orunclaused)B/Landunclean(orfoul)B/L

negotiableB/L(orderB/LandbearerB/LoropenB/L)andstraightB/L(ornon-negotiableB/LoranamedconsigneeB/L)

directB/LandtransshipmentB/L

longformB/LandshortformB/L

linerB/LandcharteredB/L

ondeckB/L

staleB/L

ante-datedB/L&advancedB/L

containerB/L

contentsleaking,packagingspoiledbycontents,packagingbroken/holed/torn/damaged,packagingcontaminated,goodsdamaged/scratched,packagingbadlydented,packagingdamagedandcontentsexposed,insufficientpacking,casesshortshipped,goodsunprotected/unboxed/partialprotected,etc.

CombinedTransportDocument(CTD)

CombinedTransportOperator(CTO)

theestimateddateofdeparture(ETD)

theestimatedtimeofarrival(ETA)

forwarder

NVD:novaluedeclared

Theflightdate

CMR,CIM

additionalprotocol

EMS,DHL,UPS,FedEx

thepostoffice

acourier

anexpediteddeliveryservice

expedite(a.)services

perilsandlosses

perilsofthesea,maritimelosses,maritimeexpenses

lighter

generalperilsoftheseaandextraneousrisks

naturalcalamities(vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami,earthquake,flood,etc.)

fortuitousaccidents

generalextraneousrisksandspecialextraneousrisks

theft,pilferage,contamination,leakage,breakage,sweatingand/orheating,taintofodor,rusting,hookdamage,freshand/orrainwaterdamage,short-deliveryandnon-delivery,shortageinweight,clashing,etc.

politicalormilitaryaffairsoradministrativerules

war,strike,heightenedduty,rejection,etc.

totallossandpartialloss

actualtotallossandconstructivetotalloss

generalaverage(G.A.)andpartialaverage(P.A.)

sueandlaborexpenses

salvagecharges

marineinsuranceclauses

theacopeofcover,exclusions,commencementandterminationofcover,dutyoftheinsured,timeofvalidityofa