广州英语九年级上-Unit-7

Unit7TheadventuresofTomSawyer重点知识OnSaturdaymorning,everyboyinthetownwashappy,exceptTomSawyer.except在此处用作介词，意为：除......之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。WehaveclasseseverydayexceptSunday.辨析：except,besides,but与exceptforexcept除去...,除...之外强调从整体中除去局部，except后面的局部不包括在整体内。besides除...之外还有强调除去一局部还有另外一局部，besides后的局部包括在整体内。but除了多与onone,nobody,all,who等连用，其余情况下可与except互换。exceptfor除去...之外表示对一个人或者事物先进行一个整体评价，再就局部或细节提出看法或修正。IknownothingabouttheyoungladyexceptthatsheisfromBeijing.AllbuthimhavegonetoJapan.Hisarticleisverygoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.Therearethreemorevisitorsme.Hehadconsideredeverythingtheweather.Hepaintedoneboardandsurveyedhisprogress,andthenhesatdowntohavearest.survey及物动词，意为：查看，审视Theengineerssurveyedthebuilding.Sheturnedtosurveyherdaughter’spaleface.【拓展】survey作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量BusinessDevelopmentAdviserssurveyed211companiesforthereport.In

a

survey

from

2000,

satisfaction

levels

in

Japan

were

only

half

thoseinAmerica.Please

make

a

survey

aboutyour

favorite

festival

andfilloutthegress不可数名词，意为：进展makeprogress取得进展makegreatprogress取得很大进步After

someperiod

of

practice,

you

will

make

great

progress.

He〔make〕

great

progress

in

English

since

he

cameinto

the

college.

rest名词，意为：休息have/takearest休息一下rest作名词，还意为：剩余局部，余下的人或物therestof剩余的....rest也可作动词，意为：休息Theworkersstoppedtohavearest.Werestedforanhourafterlunch.Therestoftheappleshavegonebad.Tombegantothinkofthegamesthathewantedtoplay.thinkof意为：想象到，想出，考虑。后面接名词、代词或动名词。Canyouthinkofanyotherwaytodoit?We’rethinkingofmovinghouse.【拓展】thinkof还可意为：认为Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?=Howdoyoulikethefilm?Iforourparty.我想不出一个更好的聚会的地方。相关短语：thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细考虑Heknewtheboyswhowerefreewouldsooncomealongandmakefunofhim.comealong意为：出现，来到Doyouwanttocomealong?Takeanyjobopportunitythatcomesalong.There'sabarbecuetonightandyou'reverywelcome.今晚有个烧烤野餐，非常欢送你一起来。He

may

the

other

guests.

他可能会和其他客人一道来。Hepickeduphisbrushandwentbacktowork.pickup意为：拾起，捡起Hepickeduphiscapfromthefloor

Thereisabookonthefloor.Please.【拓展】pickup还有“〔开车〕接/取，搭载；〔不费力/无意〕学会，获得〞之意。Shewasgoingovertoherparents'housetopickupsomecleanclothes.WheredidyoupickupyourEnglish?Thereareplentyofsuchideasaroundforchildren.孩子们在生活中会得到许多这样的经验.Whatapity!感慨句:what+a/an+可数名词单数pity名词，意为：可惜，遗憾The

pity

isthat

youare

not

a

prophet.Itisagreatpitythatallstudentsinthecitycannothavethesamechances.【拓展】pity还可做不可谓数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心takepityonsb.同情某人Ifeltpityforthepooroldman.I'm

hoping

some

kindpeople

willtake

pity

on

meTime

has

forthe

human

heart,

he

laughs

atits

sadstruggle

toremember.

岁月无情，它毫不怜悯人的心灵，它嘲笑心灵因不肯忘却而徒劳挣扎。Doesaboygetachancetopaintafencelikethiseveryday?chance此处用作名词：时机,可能性takeachance冒险，碰运气have/getachancetodosth.有时机做某事Don't

take

a

chance

to

cheat

in

the

exam.

You

really

never

knowwahtwillhappen.

Youhave

to

take

a

chance!

I

finallygotachance(

stand)

at

thefront

of

fashion.

Thenhewentonpainting.goondoingsth.意为：不停地做某事，继续做某事goontodosth.意为：接着做另一件事goonwithsth.意为：继续做某事〔前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况〕Thestudentswentontalkingandlaughingalltheway.Goontodotheotherexerciseafteryoufinishthisone.Hetookacupoftea,andwentonwiththestory.Youcan’tgoonwithoutabreak.你不能不停地工作而不休息。Afterashortbreak,Igoonmyhomework.TheChairmansaidthatastimewasshort,weshouldgoonthenextitem.主席说由于时间短，我们应继续讨论下一项议程。Afterawhile,hesaid,“Tom,willyouletmedosomepainting?〞1)while在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间Let’shavearestforawhile.Hewasmarriedalittlewhileago.Ithim

digest

the

bad

news.

过了一会儿他才领悟那那么坏消息。2)dosomepainting该短语中v-ing为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。例如：dosomecleaningdososhoppingdosomecookingAuntPollywarnedmetodoitwell.warn动词，意为：警告，提醒warnsb.of/aboutsth.警告某人某事warnsb.(not)todosth.Theywarnedhimofthedangersofsailingalone.Hewarnedme(not,tell)othershissecrets.Thepublic

to

becareful

of

false

appeals.

但广阔民众已被提醒要小心虚假的声援。I’llgiveyouhalfmyapple.half此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词，物主代词或指示代词之前。HalftheworkerscomefromShandong.We'dhave

towait

for

another

revolution.

要掀起另一场革命，可能还需半个世纪。He

donated

fortunetothehospital

.

他把他的一半财产捐赠给了这家医院.【拓展】1〕half还可做名词，意为：一半。Thejourneytakesanhourandahalf.Thebridgewasrebuiltin.该桥被分成两局部进行重建。2〕halfof...意为：半数的HalfofthestudentsfromChina.Halfofhislife(spend)makinginventions.trickotherboysindoingtheworkforhim.trick此处用作动词，意为：欺骗，哄骗tricksb.intodoingsth.诱使某人做某事Theytrickedmeintomakingagreatmistake.Healwaystricksme(trust)him.【拓展】trick作名词，意为：诡计，花招playatrickonsb.捉弄某人Howdid

she

lookthrough

his

trick?Hegotintothepalacebyatrick.If

they

donot

give

us

a

,

we

can

them.

如果他们不招待我们，我们就可以捉弄他们。Practice一、完成句子得到一个访问日本的时机真不容易。ItisnoteasytovisitJapan.从那以后，我弟弟变得对唱歌越来越感兴趣Mybrotherhasbecomesingsincethen.一位老人警告我们不要在那条河里游泳Anoldmanswimintheriver.汤姆是我在这个城市里认识的唯一的一个人TomisIknowinthiscity.这堵红色的墙大概十码长，七码宽，三码高。Theredwallisabout,and.二、根据句意及首字母提示填词。Theplaygroundisover120ylong.Thewallgainedtwocofpaintingatlast.Wehaveworkedforhours.Whatabouthavingar?YoushouldreadasmanyEnglishbooksasp.ThewofthestoryisMarkTwain.语法专项—定语从句一．定语从句的理解：用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisdancing.(两个简单句)→Iknowthegirlwhoisdancing.〔定语从句〕被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是______________，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。附：关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句中常用的关系词有：关系代词who/whom(先行词表示人)which(先行词表示物)that/whose(先行词表示人或物)关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom,which〔onwhich,withwhom,forwhich…〕关系副词when(表示时间)where(表示地点)why(表示原因)关系副词在从句中充当状语。二、定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词.关系代词：that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)关系副词：when,where,why关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分。e.g:Theman〔wholivesnexttous〕isapoliceman.先行词关系代词〔〕定语从句关系代词who连接主句和从句，同时在从句中代替theman,充当从句的主语。三、关系代词的用法who/whomwho和whom都可以指人，who在定语从句中做主语或宾语，whom做宾语；做宾语时都可省略。e.g:Idon’tknowtheboy(whoisplayingfootball)作主语Thegirl(whom/whowemetyesterday)isTom’ssister.作宾语〔作宾语可以省略〕whosewhose是who和which的所有格形式，表示“…的〞，指可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。e.g:Thisismysister(whosehairisyellow).Ihaveabedroom(whosewindowislarge)whichwhich指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。e.g:Thebuilding(whichstandsnearthetrainstation)isasupermarket.Thefilm(whichwesawlastnight)waswonderful.thatthat既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。

e.g:Marylikesmusic(thatisquietandgentle).Thecoat(thatIputonthedesk)isblue.Theboy(thatvisitedourschoolyesterday)isfromEngland★关系词只能用that的情况：1)先行词为all,any,much,many,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？

2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.\4)先行词里同时含有人或物时IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.5〕以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为防止重复，只能用that.Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？6〕therebe结构中先行词是物时

ThereisabookthatbelongstoTomonthedesk.★〔先行词指人〕关系词只能用who的情况：1)领先行词是泛指代词he,they,people或指示代词that,those等时He

whodoes

no

work

gets

no

pay.We

are

in

need

of

those

who

can

workhard.2)不定代词one，ones，anyone等作先行词时One

whoworks

without

complain

is

welcome

here.3)在非限制性定语从句〔先行词是人且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开〕Theman,whocomesfromFrance,helpedusatlast.4)在therebe句型中ThereisagirlwhocomesfromAmericainourclass.★〔先行词指物〕关系词只能用which的情况：1〕先行词为that,those时What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？2〕关系代词〔指物〕前有介词时Thisistheroominwhichhelives.3〕引导非限制性定语从句且先行词是物时Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.注意：1、当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who/whom，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.2、在therebe句型中，先行词指人只能用who，指物只能用that。Thereisagirlwhoexpectstoseeyou.ThereisabookthatbelongstoTomonthedesk.关系副词的用法〔1〕when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.〔2〕where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。Thisisplacewhereheworks.〔3〕why指原因，其先行词是原因，在句子作原因状语。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.小结：关系代词先行词在从句中充当who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语which物主语、宾语that人、物主语、宾语关系代词用法歌诀关系词，引定从，它们用法要分清。that可用作主和宾，指人指物都能行。which用来指代物，主语宾语都可充。who和whom来指人，作主作宾各不同。whose一词作用大，表人表物都能用。典型例题一、用关系代词填空1、ThisistheprofessortaughtmeChemistryin1980.2、Thehospitalwasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.3、Thisistheboyfatherdiedthreeyearsago.4、Thefilmwesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.5、Doyouknowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeeting?6、Theyworkinafactorymakesradioparts.7、Thisisthevisionphonethroughwecanseeandtalktoourfriends.8、Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.9、We’renotthestudents______wonthebad-Mintonmatch.10、It’sthedog______livesinourblockofflats.二、单项选择()1.Theman_____yousawinthestreetisTommy.A.which B.whose C.that D.as()2.Isthisthemuseum_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.WhoB.whichC.theoneD.whom()3.Theboy_____hasaninterestingstorybook.A.whositnexttoyouB.whichsitsnexttoyouC.whomsitsnexttoyouD.thatlivesnexttoyou()4.Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeento.A.who B.that C.where D.when()5.Thespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworks_____areknowntous.A.whichB.thatC.asD.who()6.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where()7.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom()8.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()9.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where()10.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whom D.this()11.Iamtheonlyone______candoitright.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom()12.Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom()13.All______isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom()14.Takecareoftheboyandthedog____arecrossingthestreet.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom()15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that()16.Whoisthewoman___wastalkingtoMissLi?A.heb.thatC.whomD.which()17.InthestreetImetthescientist______gaveusatalklastweek.heB.whichC.whoD.what()18.That’stheonlything___can’tbeforgotteninmylife.thatB.whichC.whoD./()19.NewYork,______Ivisitedlastyear,isanicecity.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.it()20.Heisanestatebusinessman____lovesclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which二，根据汉语意思补全句子。1、住在我们旁边的那名女子是一位老师。Thewomanisateacher.2、他们正在讨论这个电影很有趣。Thefilmisveryinteresting.3、你想见的那个人已经到了Themanhasalreadyarrived.4、我认识那个爱好集邮的人。I

know

the

person.5、这就是我们去年参观的那个工厂。Thisisthefactory.6、我们美术老师是一个留长头发的女人7、那个留长头发的女人是我们美术老师综合练习一、语法选择Deardad,Happybirthdaytoyou!OnthisspecialdayI’dliketotalktoyou26aspecialway.Idon’tthinkI’mgoodat27youaboutmythoughtsfacetofacewithyou,soIamwritingtoyoutoshowmydeeploveforyou.You’renotarichmanorafamousperson.Butinmyheart,youareoneof28menintheworld.I’mproudofyou.You’re29interestedinfameandwealth(名利).Youdoordinarythingslikepayingphonebillsontimeand30asaworkerinyourfactory.Thesmileonyourface31thatyou’repleasedwithyourfamily.Youtakegood32ofmygrandparents.YouhelpmewithmyschoolworkanddosomeshoppingwithMumonSundays.Inthepast,Ididn’tcare33youwerewithmeornot.NowI’msorrytosayIdidn’tshowyoutherespectbefore.ButI’mthankfulforwhatyouhavedoneforme.I’mquiteluckythatIhave34agreatfather.AndIfeelhappythatnowIcanletyou35howmuchIloveyou.You’resuccessfulasason,ahusband,afatherandafriend.Wishyouhappyforever!Yours,Jack26.A.in B.at C.by D.on27.A.tell B.told C.tells D.telling28.A.great B.greater C.thegreatest D.greatest29.A.always B.never C.already D.ever30.A.work B.worked C.works D.working31.A.show B.shows C.showing D.showed32.A.care B.careful C.carefully D.careless33.A.whether B.if C.when D.where34.A.so B.too C.such D.very35.A.toknow B.know C.knew D.knowing二、完形填空Mr.Ma,afamousmental(心理的)doctorfromBeijingoncesaidatanimportantmeeting,“Nowmanyyoungstudentscanhave36withtheirminds.Somestudentsbecomeworried37theyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetrouble38onwellwithpeoplearoundthemliketheirparentsandclassmates.Parentsandteachersshouldcaremoreaboutthisproblem.〞ThenMr.magavesomeexamples.Onepatient,amiddleschoolstudentfromXi’anwasdoing39inhislessons.Hethoughthisteachersandfriendsoften40him,andhebecamesonervousandworriedthatonenighthelefthishomewithouttellinghis41.Anotherstudent,a14-year-oldschoolgirlfromShanghai,wasveryafraidofexams.Whileshewasreadingtheexampaper,shecouldn’t42anythingtowrite.ArecentreportfromJiefangDailysaysabout18percentofyoungstudentsinShanghaihavementalproblems.Theyoftenfeelworriedandvery43.Unluckily,manyofthemwon’tgoandaskforhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupidiftheygotoseeadoctor.44won’ttalkabouttheirsecrets.Attheendofthemeeting,Mr.Ma45somegoodideastoyoungpeople:Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.Takepartingroupactivities.Trytogetonwellwiththepeoplearoundyou.Gotoseeadoctorifyouoftenfeelunhappy.36.A.problem B.question C.idea D.thought37.A.so B.because C.though D.but38.A.taking B.having C.getting D.doing39.A.quickly B.well C.easily D.badly40.A.laughedat B.aimedat C.lookedat D.shoutedat41.A.teachers B.parents C.friends D.neighbours42.A.thinkabout B.thinkof C.thinkover D.thinkto43.A.happy B.excited C.unhappy D.interested44.A.Theother B.Other C.Theothers D.Others45.A.led B.lent C.offered D.passed 三、阅读理解Youaretwenty-oneyearsoldandhaveagoodlife.Butoneday,yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveabaddiseaseandmaynotlivemorethanoneyear.Howwouldyoufeel?Whatwouldyoudo?Ithinkmostofusmightfeelverysadandgiveupourdreamsandhopesforthefuture.Hereiswhatthegreatscientist,StephenHawking,did.Hawkingdidn’tletthedisea