语法复习专题六-形容词副词

PAGEPAGE9语法复习专题——形容词&副词语法重点：1.形容词、副词的基本概念和用法2.形容词比较级和最高级的变化规律3.形容词转化成副词的规则4.比较级、最高级的句型形容词一．基本概念表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc二．基本用法：1.Janeisabeautifulgirl.2.Hecameback,hungryandtired.3.Thelittleboyisclever.形容词在句中主要作____、____、____三．形容词作用与位置1．定语。1）在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。口诀："县官行令杀国才"即：限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）

aninterestingEnglishfilmaheavyblackChinesesilkumbrella2）做后置定语。下列情况也要后置：

a.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置．如：somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginteresting

b.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.

c.以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake…如：Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.d.proper(本身),present(在场的，出席的),

concerned(相关的),left(剩下的),

mentioned(提及的)等。如：thestudentspresent(出席的学生)thecostleft(所剩费用)2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。

常见系动词有：be

变化系词：become,get,turn,grow,go

保持系词：keep,remain,stay

感观系词：look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc.

3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。

Hewenttobed,coldandhungry./翻译/他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。_____________________________________________________________________________________________她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。_____________________________________________________________________________________________因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。_____________________________________________________________________________________________4.做宾补。Wholeftthewindowopen?四形容词形式：1.1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly等仍为形容词。

改错：(错）Shesanglovely.（对）Hersingingwaslovely.

（错）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.

（对）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.

2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

TheTimesisadailypaper.Itispublisheddaily.

2.-ed形容词与-ing形容词的区别-ing令人…….-ed（人）感到…..Allthechildrenfeltsadwhentheyheardthe_______________(discourage)news.Shewasvery_________(scare)atthesightoftheblood.Theprofessor’swordswereso__________(inspire)thatallstudentslearnedalotfromit.4)Hetoldmethenewsinavery______(excite)voice.5)Thelittleboyisn’tgettingonwellinmathsandworsestill,heisevenunwillingtogotoschool.Withherson___________(disappoint),shefeelsvery______(worry).副词一．基本概念用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。E.g.:very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.二．基本用法1)Luckily,hepassedtheexam.2)Shelivesaloneinthatlargehouse.3)It’ssimplywonderfultoseeyou！4)Iheardprettyclearlythen.5)Yourcoatisjustbehindthedoor.副词在句中主要是作____，修饰____、____、____、_____或______。三．形容词作用与位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。

TheywentboatinginZhongshanParkyesterday.

2)表频率的时间副词

always,seldom,often,never,rarely,usually等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之后。

Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillneverbelievehim.

3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但enough除外）

Heisveryyoung,soheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.

4）有些单词本身是副词，加上－ly后同样是副词。一般无ly的副词表示具体的含义，而ly的副词表示抽象的含义。close与closelyclose意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地，密切地”

Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.late与latelylate意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”

Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?deep与deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Heoftenworksdeepintothenight.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”

Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely的意思是"无限制地"

Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.

Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.fair公正地fairly相当地wide宽地widely广阔地just刚刚justly公正地most最mostly多半near近nearly几乎hard努力地hardly几乎不/Exercises/1.1)After5years’separation,Icould________recognizehim.(hard,hardly)2)Itried________torememberhisnamebutIcouldn’t.2.1)Hecanjumpreally________.(high,highly)2)Heisveryambitious;heaims__________.3.1)Manypeoplewere_________movedbythefilm.(deep,deeply)2)Hepushedthestick________intothemud.4.1)Heopenedthedoor________.(wide,widely)2)Englishis_________usedintheworld.三．副词的分类时间副词now,then,today,tomorrow,ago,lately,soon,immediately,often,usually,early地点副词outside,upstairs,anywhere,up,forward,here,there,away,in,back,off等方式副词simply,quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,again,once,easily,together等程度副词very,quite,rather,extremely,completely,widely,partly,perfectly,badly,too等疑问副词when,where,why,how等关系副词when,where,why(引导定语从句)连接副词when,where,why,how(引导名词性从句和副词性从句)其他surely,certainly,really,however,therefore,perhaps,moreover,yes,no等四．形容词转化成副词的规则请记住以下口诀；一般直接加ly，“元+e”去e加ly，“辅+y”改i加ly，“-le”结尾e改y。quick________polite________wide_________true__________happy--___________lucky-___________gentle--___________simple--___________responsible-___________特殊：以ic结尾，加ally:basic-__________scientific-______________(但:如果读音为/ai/，直接加)shy--shyly/Exercises/1.Wethoughtwewouldwin.____________(fortunate),wefailed.2.Weallwanttolive_____________(comfortable).3.Whatweneedisnot_______(simple)asmallerorganization,butamoreefficientone.4.Justimaginehow_________(terrible)shyIwasthemomentIthoughtof….5._________(luck)themuseumwasnotdamagedbytheearthquake.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级一．形容词规则变化说明

例词

一般情况加er,estsmaller,smallest

以e结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er,est以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest

重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest

以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加more/most

morebeautiful,mostimportant★由过去分词或现在分词构成的形容词用此法构成比较级和最高级二．不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：many,old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别1.如果后接名词时，muchmore+不可数名词，manymore+可数名词复数。2.old有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.3.far有两种比较级，farther，further..在英语中两者都可指距离。

在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步

Ihavenothingfurthertosay.4.有些形容词没有比较级的，常见的有：right,sure,wrong,present(现在的)，dead,wooden,middle,western,Asian,round,empty,perfect,enough,etc.三．副词的比较级和最高级1.副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同1）大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。slowly-moreslowly–mostslowly

2）少数单音节副词，加er,est构成其比较级和最高级。fast–faster-fastest2.形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.四．比较级最高级的用法与句型㈠比较级的用法和句型比较级一般用于两者（或两方）之间的比较。主要句型如下：1…morethan….比…..更….例：1）MikeistallerthanBob(is).2）Atrainrunsfasterthanacar.1）要避免重复使用比较级。

(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.

(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.

(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.

Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.2Which…more…,AorB?例：1）Whoistaller,MikeorBob?2）Whichofthemistaller,MikeorBob?3）Whichrunsfaster,acaroratrain?3比较级+and+比较级句型“越来越……”。如果是用more帮助构成的比较级，只重复more。例：1）Ourlifeisbetterandbetter.2）Youlookmoreandmorebeautiful.(二)最高级的用法和句型最高级一般用于三者（或三者以上）之间的比较。主要句型如下：1.themost+of+范围；或themost+in+范围例：1）Johnisthetallestofthestudents.比较：Johnisthetallestintheclass.2）Chinaisthelargestofthecountries.比较：Chinaisthelargestintheworld.说明：当主语和范围属于“同类概念”时要用介词of；当主语和范围不属于“同类概念”时则用介词in。如例1）中第一个句子，我们可以说主语John是学生，后面的范围也是学生，属于“同类概念”，所以用介词of。而第二个句子主语John是学生，后面的范围是班级，不属于“同类概念”，所以用介词in。2.Which…themost…,A,BorC?例：1）Whoistallest,Mike,BoborJohn?形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。Theshortestboyrunsfastestinthe100-meterrace.▲形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。

Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.▲序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.

3.“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+so…as”结构表示最高级含义。

Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.（三）熟读深思——比较句型(1)Tomworksashardas(一样努力)Mary.(2)Hedoesn'treadas/soclearly(一样清楚)asshe.(3)Bobhasreadasmanybooksas(一样多的书)Mary.(4)Breadisasimportantfoodas(一样重要的食物)rice.(5)MaryworksharderthanJohn(does)(比John勤奋).(6)Shesingsfar/much_better(好得多)thantheothers.(7)Tom'sbikeismore_expensive_than_Jim's(比Jim的昂贵)(＝Jim'sbike).(8)TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai(比上海的气候)．(9)Heisthe_taller(较高的)ofthetwo.(10)Thereisno_greater_love(最伟大的爱)thanthatgivenbyparentsintheworld.(11)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcities(最大的城市)intheworld.(12)Heisabrighteststudent(非常聪明的学生).(13)Heisthe_second_tallest_boy(第二高的男孩)inourclass.(14)我们的新房子是旧房子的3倍大。Ournewhousewasthree_times_as_large_astheoldone.Ournewhousewasthreetimes_larger_thantheoldone.Ournewhousewasthree_times_the_size_oftheoldone.(15)The_higherthetemperature(is),the_greateristhepressure(＝thegreaterthepressureis).(温度越高，压力越大。)(16)Ourlifeisgettingbetter_and_better(越来越好).(17)Theaveragecostofonedayinahospitalinthatcountrycanrunas_high_as(高达)$400.(18)Airistomanwhatwateristofish.(空气与人的关系如同水和鱼的关系。)(19)Mr.Liismore_thanourEnglishteacher.(李先生不只是我们的英语老师。)(20)Thatlittlegirlismore_tired_than_hungry.那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。)(21)Youcannever_be_carefulenough.＝Youcanneverbetoocareful.（can't…too＋adj.＝can't…＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过）归纳总结(1)“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级……”结构，意为“越……，越……”，表示程度的平行增长。(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”，表示程度逐渐增长。（3）nomorethan＝only只不过(言其少)。如：nomorethanfiveyuan只不过5元notmorethan＝atmost不多于，至多(指事实)。如：notmorethanfiveyuan不多于5元(4)常见的比喻结构有：asfreeasabird，ashungryasawolf，asstrongasahorse，ascleverasafox，asbusyasabe等等。(5)aslongas只要；有……之久asfaras到……(地点)；就……而言ashighas高达……(程度)aswellas既……又asgoodas和……一样好，几乎，如：(17)。(6)AistoBwhatCistoD.A和B的关系就像C和D的关系，如：(18)。一、句子填空1.Inthatschool,Englishis_________(compel)forallstudentsbutFrenchandRussianareoptional.2.I’vebeenwritingthisreport_________(occasion)forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.3.Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn’taskfora______(good)boss.4.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled________(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.5.Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe_______(sweet).”6.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”_______(high).7.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir________(nature)course.8....wedranktogetherandtalked________(merry)tillfarintothenight.9....oneofthe______(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.10.Gamesareoften________(excite)anddramatic,buttheygenerallyaren’tveryintellectual.11.Seatedinacomfortablechair,listeningtothepeacefulmusic,you’llbebroughtintoa_______(relax)stateofmind.12.Howmuchisadishofplainicecream？”heasked.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit____________(patience).“Thirtyfivecents”,shesaid_________(rude).二、语篇填空WhenaplanefromLondonarrivedatSydneyairport,workersbegantounloadanumberofwoodenboxes1______containedclothing.Noonecouldaccountforthefactthatoneoftheboxeswas2__________(extreme)heavy.Itsuddenly3________(occur)tooneoftheworkerstoopenupthebox.Hewas4___________(astonish)atwhathefound.Amanwaslyingintheboxontopofapileof5_________(wool)goods.Hewas6_____surprisedatbeingdiscoveredthathedidnoteventrytorunaway.Afterhewasarrested,themanadmitted7________(hide)intheboxbeforetheplaneleftLondon.Hehadhadalongand8____________(comfort)trip,forhehadbeenconfined(关在)tothe9________(wood)boxforovereighteenhours.Themanwasorderedtopay￡3,500forthecostofthetrip,whichwas10____expensivethanthenormalprice,whichonlycost￡2,000.三．用与形容词或副词有关的结构进行句型转换1．Whencrossingthestreet，wemustbecareful.→Whencrossingthestreet，we_____________________________.2．Ifyouworkhard，youwillachievemoresuccessinyourjob.→_____________youwork，_____________youwillachieveinyourjob.3．ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.→Ihaveneverread__________________________novelsofar.4．Hegothomeatmidnightandhewastiredandhungry.→Hegothomeatmidnight，______________________________________.四．、完成句子1.中国比日本大得多。China____________________Japan.2.扬子江是中国的第二长河.TheYangziRiver_________________inChina.3.我们的教室和他们的一样大。Ourclassroom____________theirs.4.摩托车不像汽车那么昂贵。Motorbikesare_________________cars.5.It’sgetting________________（越来越冷）.6.你驾车越小心，你就越安全。___________