GPS定位技术与应用-实习报告

PAGEPAGE19《GPS定位技术与应用》实习报告 姓名 2011-2012学年第一学期测绘学院2011年8月29日——9月11日目录一．实习目的………3二．实习动员与组织…………………3三．实习仪器与工具…………………3四．实习安排与要求…………………3五．实习成果整理………5六．实习的心得体会………………19一．实习目的本课程是测绘工程专业、地信专业的专业课，是学生在掌握了测量学、测量数据处理原理和控制测量专业知识的基础上学习测绘最新实用技术的必要课程。GPS定位技术与应用实习专用周是全面、系统、标准地进行GPS定位操作技能强化集中训练的实践教学环节。它的任务是学生通过系统的综合实习，把课堂中所学的GPS测量知识系统化和深化，使本课程的基本内容得到巩固和提高，培养学生动手能力和独立工作能力；使学生掌握GPS静态和动态测量方案设计、外业步骤、内业处理方法；同时对学生进行测量专业教育、爱护测量仪器教育和工程技术人员应有的品德教育（道德规范和工程责任感）。在实习中应具有严格认真的科学态度、踏实求是的工作作风、吃苦耐劳的献身精神和团结协作的集体观念。二．实习动员与组织1、实习动员由有关领导或指导教师讲明实习的重要性，介绍实习场地情况，提出实习任务和计划，宣布实习组织机构、分组名单、实习纪律，说明仪器工具借领办法和损耗赔偿规定，提出实习注意事项等，以保证实习顺利进行。2、实习组织以年级或班级为单位建立测量小组，其中每班各成立两个小组，依据学号的单双号进行分组，组长负责全组的实习安排及仪器管理工作。三．实习仪器与工具测量型接收机三台、记录板一块、传输电缆、笔记本电脑、数据处理软件一套、RTK仪器一套。四．实习要求与安排（一）实验内容：1、掌握GPS控制网布设的规定与计划制定方法；2、掌握GPS测量仪器、工具的使用方法以及检验方法；3、掌握GPS静态测量方法；4、掌握GPS静态测量的内业计算方法。5、掌握GPS动态测量（RTK）方法；任务一：选取2个基准点，另外选取8-10个点布置成闭合环网，分时段，分测站进行静态GPS定位测量。测量后将数据导入计算机，并用HDS2003数据处理软件包进行基线平差和网平差。任务二：动态RTK测量300*300或200*200（米）范围内的地物每组测绘共计100-200个数据点（囊括所在区域的所有地物都要测绘）。根据野外采集的数据绘制本组数字地形。每组每人放样3个点。（二）实习时间安排8月28日-31日：静态测量实习。9月5日-7日：GPS动态RTK实习。9月8日-9日：数据处理，内业计算。（三）实习过程静态测量步骤：1、选取控制点：本组选的是G007点、G001点和G003点。坐标分别为：G007号点：孔雀园边上（150524.322，116007.946）G001号点：水塔前（151803.905，115814.275）G003号点：学府苑门口（151638.979，116028.510）2、选取其他点进行布网，本组布网情况如下：3、各个时段的测站配置：时段一：G001G002G003时段二：G002G003G004时段三：G002G004G005时段四：G004G005G006时段五：G005G006G007时段六：G006G007G008时段七：G007G008G009一共选取9个点布网，其中点G007点、G001点和G003点为已知点，其余点的坐标未知，一共观测7个时段，点G002、G004、G005、G006、G007观测3个时段，G001、G009有一个时段，其余点均观测两个时段，每个时段每个测站均观测45分钟。4、数据导出，内业计算。1、新建项目将数据导入Campass2、处理基线3、平差前的设置4、进行网平差5、成果输出动态测量步骤：1、连接好GPS，打开GPS主机电源。2、手薄设置GPS基站（设置基站坐标、差分方式、电文格式和发射间隔）。设置GPS流动站。采集两已知点坐标求转换参数。5、碎步测量和放样。五．实习成果整理(1)点之记GPS点之记日期：2011年9月1日记录者：绘图者：校对者：点名及种类GPS点点号G005土质水泥地、地质坚硬相邻点（点号、里程、通视否）G006点、里程：K00+452.0212、通视：否标石说明（单、双、类型）普通标石（单）旧点名所在地交通路线主干道所在图幅号1-1-1概略位置XYLB略图：备注：(2)静态观测成果①、基线处理和质量控制Resultofclosuresearching2011-09-0518:36:02BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG001->G002.244110.40.0134-9.9184204.4567-312.3852373.4775G001->G003.24414.90.0157-227.9319-30.2367-142.3604270.4324G002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581同步环(3baselines)相对误差=3.96ppmEX=-0.0009EY=0.0039EZ=-0.00051006.5680BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G003.24424.20.0151-218.0069-234.6963170.0187362.6510G001->G002.244110.40.0134-9.9184204.4567-312.3852373.4775G001->G003.24414.90.0157-227.9319-30.2367-142.3604270.4324异步环(3baselines)相对误差=9.33ppmEX=-0.0065EY=0.0029EZ=0.00611006.5609BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581G003->G004.24423.60.0377-196.3783128.3892-343.9748416.3735异步环(3baselines)相对误差=81.95ppmEX=0.0036EY=-0.0961EZ=-0.03311240.8225BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G004.24533.50.0185-414.3370-106.8437-173.8266461.8510G002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581G003->G004.24423.60.0377-196.3783128.3892-343.9748416.3735异步环(3baselines)相对误差=445.01ppmEX=-0.0540EY=0.5356EZ=-0.12291240.8827BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G005.24536.60.0140-315.933483.7604-403.7676519.4785G002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733异步环(3baselines)相对误差=696.80ppmEX=0.3329EY=-0.8027EZ=0.24251294.7427BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG004->G005.24544.00.018098.4148190.5891-229.9517314.4638G002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G002->G005.24536.60.0140-315.933483.7604-403.7676519.4785异步环(3baselines)相对误差=483.56ppmEX=0.0463EY=-0.6167EZ=0.10061295.7331BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG004->G006.245412.70.0128-316.221961.2773-355.4062479.6507G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733G005->G006.24543.20.0158-414.6471-129.2999-125.4573452.0953异步环(3baselines)相对误差=1200.05ppmEX=0.3688EY=-1.4075EZ=0.34041245.2193BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG005->G006.24553.70.0135-414.6584-129.2680-125.4463452.0936G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733G004->G006.245412.70.0128-316.221961.2773-355.4062479.6507异步环(3baselines)相对误差=1175.75ppmEX=-0.3575EY=1.3756EZ=-0.35131245.2176BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG005->G007.24553.00.0173-161.8559195.8161-380.9114457.8589G005->G006.24543.20.0158-414.6471-129.2999-125.4573452.0953G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147异步环(3baselines)相对误差=23.46ppmEX=0.0079EY=-0.0295EZ=-0.01171394.5690BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG006->G008.24563.10.0180-230.3916-37.1822-154.3205279.7813G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147G007->G008.24566.70.0189-483.5784-362.3823101.3272612.7285异步环(3baselines)相对误差=321.72ppmEX=-0.3877EY=-0.1136EZ=0.18181377.1246BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG007->G008.245763.60.0141-483.2325-362.2405101.1565612.3434G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147G006->G008.24563.10.0180-230.3916-37.1822-154.3205279.7813异步环(3baselines)相对误差=37.52ppmEX=0.0418EY=-0.0282EZ=-0.01111376.7395BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG007->G009.24574.10.0153-332.4374-74.9586-183.9559387.2638G007->G008.24566.70.0189-483.5784-362.3823101.3272612.7285G008->G009.24576.30.0161150.7928287.2796-285.1106431.9214异步环(3baselines)相对误差=289.40ppmEX=-0.3482EY=-0.1440EZ=0.17251431.9137Resultofclosuresearching2011-09-0518:36:13BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG001->G002.244110.40.0134-9.9184204.4567-312.3852373.4775G001->G003.24414.90.0157-227.9319-30.2367-142.3604270.4324G002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.025362.6581同步环(3baselines)相对误差=3.96ppmEX=-0.0009EY=0.0039EZ=-0.00051006.5680BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G003.24424.20.0151-218.0069-234.6963170.0187362.6510G002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G003->G004.24423.60.0377-196.3783128.3892-343.9748416.3735同步环(3baselines)相对误差=83.39ppmEX=-0.0093EY=0.0951EZ=0.03971240.8153BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G004.24533.50.0185-414.3370-106.8437-173.8266461.8510G002->G005.24536.60.0140-315.933483.7604-403.7676519.4785G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733同步环(3baselines)相对误差=1176.49ppmEX=-0.3905EY=1.4344EZ=-0.33241294.8029BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG004->G005.24544.00.018098.4148190.5891-229.9517314.4638G004->G006.245412.70.0128-316.221961.2773-355.4062479.6507G005->G006.24543.20.0158-414.6471-129.2999-125.4573452.0953同步环(3baselines)相对误差=12.82ppmEX=0.0104EY=-0.0118EZ=0.00281246.2097BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG005->G006.24553.70.0135-414.6584-129.2680-125.4463452.0936G005->G007.24553.00.0173-161.8559195.8161-380.9114457.8589G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147同步环(3baselines)相对误差=3.07ppmEX=0.0034EY=-0.0024EZ=0.00081394.5672BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG007->G008.245763.60.0141-483.2325-362.2405101.1565612.3434G007->G009.24574.10.0153-332.4374-74.9586-183.9559387.2638G008->G009.24576.30.0161150.7928287.2796-285.1106431.9214同步环(3baselines)相对误差=2.57ppmEX=0.0022EY=0.0023EZ=-0.00191431.5286Resultofclosuresearching2011-09-0518:36:49BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581G002->G003.24424.20.0151-218.0069-234.6963170.0187362.6510重复边(2baselines)相对误差=12.07ppmEX=-0.0057EY=-0.0010EZ=0.0066725.3091BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581G003->G004.24423.60.0377-196.3783128.3892-343.9748416.3735异步环(3baselines)相对误差=81.95ppmEX=0.0036EY=-0.0961EZ=-0.03311240.8225BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G004.24533.50.0185-414.3370-106.8437-173.8266461.8510G002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581G003->G004.24423.60.0377-196.3783128.3892-343.9748416.3735异步环(3baselines)相对误差=445.01ppmEX=-0.0540EY=0.5356EZ=-0.12291240.8827BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G005.24536.60.0140-315.933483.7604-403.7676519.4785G002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733异步环(3baselines)相对误差=696.80ppmEX=0.3329EY=-0.8027EZ=0.24251294.7427BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG004->G005.24544.00.018098.4148190.5891-229.9517314.4638G002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G002->G005.24536.60.0140-315.933483.7604-403.7676519.4785异步环(3baselines)相对误差=483.56ppmEX=0.0463EY=-0.6167EZ=0.10061295.7331BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG004->G006.245412.70.0128-316.221961.2773-355.4062479.6507G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733G005->G006.24543.20.0158-414.6471-129.2999-125.4573452.0953异步环(3baselines)相对误差=1200.05ppmEX=0.3688EY=-1.4075EZ=0.34041245.2193BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG005->G006.24553.70.0135-414.6584-129.2680-125.4463452.0936G004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733G004->G006.245412.70.0128-316.221961.2773-355.4062479.6507异步环(3baselines)相对误差=1175.75ppmEX=-0.3575EY=1.3756EZ=-0.35131245.2176BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG005->G007.24553.00.0173-161.8559195.8161-380.9114457.8589G005->G006.24543.20.0158-414.6471-129.2999-125.4573452.0953G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147异步环(3baselines)相对误差=23.46ppmEX=0.0079EY=-0.0295EZ=-0.01171394.5690BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG006->G008.24563.10.0180-230.3916-37.1822-154.3205279.7813G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147G007->G008.24566.70.0189-483.5784-362.3823101.3272612.7285异步环(3baselines)相对误差=321.72ppmEX=-0.3877EY=-0.1136EZ=0.18181377.1246BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG007->G008.245763.60.0141-483.2325-362.2405101.1565612.3434G006->G007.24553.00.0220252.7991325.0865-255.4659484.6147G006->G008.24563.10.0180-230.3916-37.1822-154.3205279.7813异步环(3baselines)相对误差=37.52ppmEX=0.0418EY=-0.0282EZ=-0.01111376.7395BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG007->G009.24574.10.0153-332.4374-74.9586-183.9559387.2638G007->G008.24566.70.0189-483.5784-362.3823101.3272612.7285G008->G009.24576.30.0161150.7928287.2796-285.1106431.9214异步环(3baselines)相对误差=289.40ppmEX=-0.3482EY=-0.1440EZ=0.17251431.9137Resultofrepeatbaselinesearching2011-09-0518:37:46BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G003.24413.50.0114-218.0126-234.6973170.0253362.6581G002->G003.24424.20.0151-218.0069-234.6963170.0187362.6510重复边(2baselines)相对误差=12.07ppmEX=0.0057EY=0.0010EZ=0.0066725.3091BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG002->G004.24423.10.0436-414.3945-106.2120-173.9165461.7908G002->G004.24533.50.0185-414.3370-106.8437-173.8266461.8510重复边(2baselines)相对误差=693.65ppmEX=0.0576EY=0.6317EZ=0.0899923.6418BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG004->G005.24533.90.058398.7940189.1697-229.6086313.4733G004->G005.24544.00.018098.4148190.5891-229.9517314.4638重复边(2baselines)相对误差=2402.62ppmEX=0.3792EY=1.4194EZ=0.3431627.9371BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG005->G006.24543.20.0158-414.6471-129.2999-125.4573452.0953G005->G006.24553.70.0135-414.6584-129.2680-125.4463452.0936重复边(2baselines)相对误差=39.40ppmEX=0.0114EY=0.0319EZ=0.0110904.1889BaselineTypermsdxdydzdistanceG007->G008.24566.70.0189-483.5784-362.3823101.3272612.7285G007->G008.245763.60.0141-483.2325-362.2405101.1565612.3434重复边(2baselines)相对误差=335.47ppmEX=0.3459EY=0.1418EZ=0.17071225.0719②、网平差报告0.0项目属性项目名称:成果项目单位:施工单位:负责人:控制网等级:E测量员:测绘0801学号为奇数计算员:开始日期:2011-8-28结束日期:2011-9-91坐标系统1.1坐标系统名称Beijing541.2基准参数椭球长半轴a6378245.0000椭球扁率f1/298.300000001.3投影参数M0=1.00000000投影比率H=0.0000投影高Bm=0投影面的平均纬度B0=0:00:00.00N原点纬度L0=117:00:00.00E中央子午线N0=0.0000北向加常数E0=500000.0000东向加常数2三维无约束平差2.1平差参数基准WGS-84迭代次数2参考因子1.18χ平方检验(α=95%)通过自由度362.2基线向量及改正数基线

起点->终点.时段DX/改正数

(m)DY/改正数

(m)DZ/改正数

(m)距离/改正数

(m)中误差/相对误差

(m)G001->G002.2441-9.9189204.4590-312.3918373.48430.1147-0.00050.0022-0.00660.00681:3255G001->G003.2441-227.9311-30.2418-142.3522270.42800.12260.0008-0.00510.0082-0.00441:2206G002->G003.2441-218.0123-234.7008170.0396362.66690.09880.0003-0.00350.01430.00881:3669G002->G003.2442-218.0123-234.7008170.0396362.66690.0988-0.0053-0.00450.02090.01591:3669G002->G004.2442-414.3902-106.7129-173.8492461.87710.16630.0043-0.50100.06730.08631:2777G002->G004.2453-414.3902-106.7129-173.8492461.87710.1663-0.05330.1308-0.02260.02611:2777G002->G005.2453-315.942783.7942-403.7554519.48020.1294-0.00940.03380.01220.00171:4015G003->G004.2442-196.3780127.9879-343.8888416.17870.19080.0003-0.40140.0860-0.19481:2181G004->G005.245398.4475190.5071-229.9062314.39100.1371-0.34651.3374-0.29760.91771:2293G004->G005.245498.4475190.5071-229.9062314.39100.13710.0327-0.08200.0455-0.07271:2293G004->G006.2454-316.220261.2240-355.3685479.61480.13850.0016-0.05330.0377-0.03581:3463G005->G006.2454-414.6677-129.2831-125.4623452.11090.1187-0.02070.0168-0.00500.01551:3808G005->G006.2455-414.6677-129.2831-125.4623452.11090.1187-0.0093-0.0151-0.01600.01731:3808G005->G007.2455-161.8430195.8773-380.9475457.91060.17950.01290.0612-0.03610.05161:2550G006->G007.2455252.8247325.1604-255.4852484.68790.17220.02560.0739-0.01930.07311:2815G006->G008.2456-230.5005-37.0701-154.2052279.79260.1777-0.10890.11210.11530.01131:1574G007->G008.2456-483.3252-362.2305101.2800612.43110.11100.25320.1518-0.0472-0.29741:5519G007->G008.2457-483.3252-362.2305101.2800612.43110.1110-0.09270.01000.12350.08771:5519G007->G009.2457-332.4706-74.9796-183.9152387.27690.3230-0.0332-0.02100.04080.01321:1199G008->G009.2457150.8546287.2509-285.1952431.97970.32770.0617-0.0287-0.08460.05831:13182.3τ(Tau)检验表基线Tau-XTau-YTau-ZG001->G002.24410.00270.01960.0352G001->G003.24410.00390.03480.0378G002->G003.24410.00230.01780.0678G002->G003.24420.02110.01380.1342G002->G004.24420.00360.47560.1446G002->G004.24530.10950.22250.1013G002->G005.24530.07410.15180.0925G003->G004.24420.00030.36420.1721G004->G005.24530.22170.79860.3888G004->G005.24540.09760.18400.1673G004->G006.24540.01090.20330.2167G005->G006.24540.12340.05470.0207G005->G006.24550.05220.03940.0553G005->G007.24550.04690.14890.1603G006->G007.24550.07170.07380.0246G006->G008.24560.38340.29930.4518G007->G008.24560.71250.53420.3121G007->G008.24570.36360.06490.4258G007->G009.24570.10720.03010.0721G008->G009.24570.13570.04510.14122.4τ(Tau)检验直方图2.5自由网平差坐标站点纬度/中误差经度/中误差高程/中误差中误差(度:分:秒)(m)(度:分:秒)(m)(m)(m)G00132:05:22.58920N0.0656118:37:58.63200E0.071273.09330.11260.1481G00232:05:10.81994N0.0422118:37:55.22782E0.047163.21230.09410.1132G00332:05:17.24781N0.0536118:38:06.81362E0.064367.52350.11010.1380G00432:05:04.22871N0.0471118:38:11.04722E0.048459.76150.11010.1290G00532:04:55.83505N0.0374118:38:04.27098E0.038639.34140.07850.0950G00632:04:50.91373N0.0391118:38:20.51132E0.043844.94810.08960.1069G00732:04:41.05447N0.0551118:38:06.10809E0.058648.40370.10710.1337G00832:04:45.32793N0.0520118:38:28.90264E0.055429.09360.12140.1430G00932:04:34.38267N0.0962118:38:18.60457E0.106029.98510.27220.30723二维约束平差3.1平差参数迭代次数3参考因子1.2183x(north)平移-3401212.8654my(east)平移-538350.1468m比例-421.4839ppm旋转3505.8460s3.2平面距离平差值起点止点北向(x)/中误差东向(y)/中误差平距中误差相对误差(m)(m)(m)(m)G001G002-362.32490.0411-89.92110.0436373.31640.05991:6227G003-164.92600.0000214.23500.0000270.36500.00001:15705107G002G003197.39890.0411304.15610.0436362.59800.05991:6048G004-203.76730.0658414.41860.0610461.80500.08971:5145G005-461.95380.0506236.26130.0474518.86480.06931:7486G003G004-401.16620.0640110.26240.0573416.04340.08591:4843G004G005-258.18650.0613-178.15720.0470313.68820.07721:4061G006-410.53410.0583